Misiones Province Research Articles

Sobre la presencia de Megalastrum substrigosum (Dryopteridaceae) en Argentina

En este trabajo se cita por primera vez a Megalastrum substrigosum para Argentina, en el departamento de San Pedro, provincia de Misiones. Se presenta una descripción general de la especie, el mapa de su distribución en el país e ilustraciones sobre los caracteres más importantes para su determinación. Se incluye una clave dicotómica para diferenciar las tres especies presentes en Misiones.

ESTRATIFICACIÓN SOCIAL Y TERRITORIO. UN ESTUDIO COMPARADO ENTRE ALTO PARANÁ Y POSADAS

Este artículo busca analizar comparativamente la estructura social del Departamento de Alto Paraná (Paraguay) y la Provincia de Misiones (Argentina) en relación a los procesos de “desterritorialización” y “reterritorialización” de grupos subordinados económicamente a partir de evidencia empírica construida por el investigador a través de las Encuestas Permanentes de Hogares (EPHs) de Argentina y Paraguay. El primer objetivo específico consiste en demostrar que, si bien las categorías de “inseguridad” y “delito” aparecen asociadas a estos espacios, estos no forman parte de los principales motivos aducidos por las personas que afirman haberse mudado. Otro objetivo específico es discutir teórica y conceptualmente el uso de los conceptos de “región” o de “territorio” como meros límites políticos-administrativos, para incorporar a su análisis la dimensión que dicho concepto tiene en los procesos de construcción identitarios de las distintas clases sociales. La estrategia de análisis de los datos fue multimétodo y consistió en construir de un nomenclador de estratos socio-ocupacionales de la población económicamente activa a partir de tres variables simultáneas (el código de actividad, la categoría de actividad y el tamaño del establecimiento), para luego comparar los resultados entre ambas muestras. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación demuestran que las clases medias y populares de cada una de las estructuras socio-ocupacionales analizadas son aquellas que más están sujetas a procesos de desterritorialización y de reterritorialización.Abstract:This article seeks to comparatively analyze the social structure of the Department of Alto Paraná (Paraguay) and the Province of Misiones (Argentina) in relation to the processes of "deterritorialization" and "reterritorialization" of economically subordinated groups based on empirical evidence Through the Permanent Household Surveys (EPHs) of Argentina and Paraguay. The first specific objective is to demonstrate that, although the categories of "insecurity" and "crime" appear to be associated with these spaces, they do not form part of the main reasons given by people who claim to have moved. Another specific objective is to discuss theoretically and conceptually the use of the concepts of "region" or "territory" as mere political-administrative boundaries, to incorporate into its analysis the dimension that this concept has in the identity construction processes of the different classes social. The data analysis strategy was multimethod and consisted in constructing a nomenclator of socio-occupational strata of the economically active population from three simultaneous variables (activity code, activity category and establishment size) for later compare the results between both samples. The main findings of this research show that the middle and popular classes of each of the socio-occupational structures analyzed are those that are most subject to processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization.

FIRST REPORT OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS INFECTING CARICA PAPAYA IN ARGENTINA

Fil: Cabrera Mederos, Dariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patologia Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Temporal dimensions of childhood, youth, and adolescence experiences: A conceptual discussion

This article proposes a theoretical and empirical approach to studies on contemporary childhood, youth, and adolescence, based on the idea that these categories respond to a modern and hegemonic Western expression of classification that accounts for biologically conditioned stages, through which ethnic, class, and gender particularities influence the way these social subjects experience the world. This statement implies establishing a relation between two concepts: “experiences” and “transitions.” I will explore the notion of experience as the way in which children, adolescents, and youth live through and express the world that surrounds them, emphasizing on the individuals going through the early stages of their life as active subjects in a conscious relationship with the world. The transition concept allows questioning the approach of life ages as successive and discrete stages, whether they are defined on the grounds of biology, developmental psychology, or socio-anthropological studies, and understanding ages as an ongoing process, although marked by milestones that define the life stages acknowledged in each institutional, sociocultural, and historical background. I will illustrate my argument by some fragments of my ethnographic fieldwork with children in San Ignacio, a predominantly rural location in the province of Misiones (northeastern Argentina), in the southern part of the Paraná jungle.

Music as an experience integral to the ethnicity of the Mbyá-Guarani of South America

ABSTRACTThe Mbyá culture forms a part of the Guaraní ethnic group that mainly inhabits the territories of south-eastern Brazil, in the Province of Misiones – Argentina, and the Republic of Paraguay. This article will focus mainly on field observations I have made in different communities in these countries, and which will try to synthetically reveal aspects of musical transmission that cross horizontally with an analysis thereof. It forms part of a larger work of investigation which dates from the year 2001, arising from my professional concern to address a gap in the knowledge available to student teachers taking the subject of Didactics of Music during Teacher Training course for Primary School. As a basic requisite of the course, the students were asked to do some research work concerning the native guaraní music, but unfortunately they were not able to find regarding material. The manifest lack of information led me to develop a training programme for teachers in the Province of Misiones that was called ‘The Mbyá Sound Art as a Pedagogical Instrument, in the service of education for the cultural identity’, which was sanctioned by the Ministry of Culture, Education, Science and Technology of the Province. My objective was to communicate general aspects of Mbyá history and culture, to teach also the musical expressions through the implementation of workshops that included the construction of the mimby etá1 and the learning of dances and songs.

Local Variability of Citrus (Citrusspp.) in Pluricultural Enclaves in the South of Misiones (Argentina): Diversity, Uses and Perception, and Classification of Variability

Traditional settlements with diverse resource management strategies are important for in situ conservation of agrodiversity. Community scale perception, taxonomy, and uses of citrus (Citrus spp.) contribute to the conservation of germplasm and practices generating and maintaining diversity. I used ethnobotanical research methods, including assessment of local perceptions and criteria involved in the selection of variability, to document the uses and diversity of citrus in the south of Misiones province (Argentina) and discuss several aspects of local taxonomy. In this research, I recorded thirty ethnovarieties belonging to nine citrus ethnospecies and found that the organoleptic descriptors (both morphological and sensitive) and grafting practices are the most important in their recognition. Local people use citrus in diverse ways––as fresh fruit, to make preserves, and as fodder. Local citrus variability is related to families and individuals, as well as the presence of the native forests where ethnovari...

La recuperación de una tecnología tradicional: ¿Una alternativa para la agricultura familiar? La asociación de productores de yerba mate en sistema barbacuá del centro de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina

Por generaciones, la producción y elaboración de yerba mate ha estado primordialmente en manos de miles de productores familiares en la provincia de Misiones (Argentina). Sin embargo, políticas de desregulación, cambios tecnológicos y procesos de concentración económica los han ido relegado a meros proveedores de materia prima a la industria. Este artículo describe y analiza la red socio técnica impulsada por un grupo de productores familiares que buscan recuperar una tecnología tradicional (los secaderos tradicionales o de sistema barbacuá) como alternativa productiva. Se presta atención a la historia del cultivo y elaboración de la yerba mate en el territorio, a las especificidades de este proceso productivo único en el mundo y finalmente al proceso de articulación de la red productiva evaluando sus logros y limitaciones. La perspectiva teórica es la teoría del actor red (ANT).

Expansion of the geographic range of Cyatta abscondita Sosa‑Calvo et al., 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The presence of the recently described fungus-farming ant genus and species Cyatta abscondita is reported in the northwestern region of Misiones Province in Argentina. A single worker of C. abscondita was collected in a pitfall trap in a mature plantation of Pinus taeda in the Atlantic Forest biome. This finding expands the distribution of the genus and species, extending it farther south in the Neotropics.

Field Evaluation of a New Strategy to Control Lutzomyia longipalpis, Based on Simultaneous Application of an Adulticide-Larvicide Mixture.

Leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Argentina, and the phlebotomine fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Dragon Max®, an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing the pyrethroid permethrin and the larvicide pyriproxyfen, for Lu. longipalpis control under field conditions. The work was conducted in the city of Posadas (Misiones province, Argentina). Comparisons were performed between treated and untreated peridomiciles with poultry, which met previously determined criteria for favoring the presence of Lu. longipalpis. Henhouses and their surrounding area were treated, with the formulation (100 mg of permethrin and 2 mg/m2 of pyriproxyfen) applied using a hand pump sprayer. Untreated henhouses were used as controls. Phlebotomine abundance was monitored before treatment and then weekly, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the only phlebotomine species captured. A male/female ratio of 2.5 was observed. The more chickens there were in the henhouses, the greater the number of phlebotomines captured. The treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of individuals, which persisted for at least 2 wk. This encouraging result provides a baseline for further studies evaluating the possibility of using Dragon Max as a tool for Lu. longipalpis control.

Portuguese or Portuñol? Language contact in Misiones, Argentina

In the extreme northeastern Argentine province of Misiones, vernacular Portuguese is the primary language of many rural communities, in bilingual contact with Spanish. The present study examines data from Misiones Portuguese and Spanish for evidence of morphosyntactic convergence in the absence of formal schooling in either language or sociolinguistic pressures to produce canonical varieties. Data from a corpus of vernacular Misiones Portuguese and the results of a speeded translation task reveal that even in this sociolinguistically permissive environment bilingual speakers maintain distinct morphosyntactic systems for Portuguese and Spanish (exemplified by nominal plural marking and first-person plural verbal inflection). The data also suggest that bilingual contact alone does not yield the degree of convergence required for the hybrid Portuguese-Spanish morphosyntaxis that has been reported, for example, in northern Uruguay.

HEDEOMA TEYUCUARENSIS (LAMIACEAE), UNA ESPECIE NUEVA DE MISIONES, ARGENTINA

A new species of Hedeoma (Lamiaceae) is described based on samples collected in Misiones Province, Argentina. A botanical illustration, photos of the new taxon, information about its habitat, status of conservation, and importance for local people is also provided, including a key to the species of Hedeoma from the Southern Cone of America.

Redescription of Potamolithus paranensis (Pilsbry, 1911) and Potamolithus simplex (Pilsbry, 1911) (Gastropoda: Tateidae)

ABSTRACTPotamolithus Pilsbry & Rush, 1896 is a species-rich genus, endemic to South America, with many of its species considered Vulnerable due to a restricted distribution; half of them are called into question, since they are known only from their shells. The purpose of this article is to describe the anatomy of P. paranensis (Pilsbry, 1911) and P. simplex (Pilsbry, 1911) from the Argentinean Misiones province, and to evaluate the value of anatomical features in this genus. These two species differ in penis morphology and pigmentation, ctenidium length, and relative position of the opening of the pallial oviduct, seminal receptacle and bursa copulatrix. Consequently, it appears that anatomical data could help solve taxonomic conflicts that are currently unresolved by shell morphology alone.

Bombus brasiliensis Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Apidae) infected with Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia)

Heavy infections caused by a microsporidium were detected in midgut epithelium cells of two adult workers of the bumble bee Bombus brasiliensis Lepeletier collected near Puerto Iguazú, Misiones province, Argentina. Microsporidium rRNA (16S small subunit) was amplified by 218MITOC primers and produced amplicons indicating presence of Nosema ceranae Fries et al., a virulent pathogen of more than 20 bee species, possibly involved in Apis mellifera L. Colony Collapse Disorder. Campaigns in search of B. brasiliensis between 2008 and 2015 have revealed a possible narrower range in the southeastern area of its known distribution. Effects of N. ceranae infections could be modulating their populations and should not be overlooked. In addition, the wide host range of this microsporidium makes it a potential threat to several endemic bees such as stingless (Meliponini) and orchid bees (Euglossini).

New species and the first known male of the jumping spiderCeriomuraSimon (Araneae: Salticidae: Gophoini) with the faunistic revision of gophoines from Misiones, Argentina

AbstractA new species of the salticid genus Ceriomura Simon, 1901, C. damborskyae n. sp. from Northeastern Argentina, including the first known males of the genus, is described. Diagnostic characters for its recognition are provided. The embolus arising on the dorsal side of the bulb is proposed as a synapomorphy of the genus within the tribe Gophoini Simon. The faunistic revision of gophoine species from Misiones province (Argentina) is included with three new records (including genus Ceriomura) for the country. Diagnostic drawings and full color photographs for every recorded species are presented.

Vivir la frontera. Prácticas sociales y culturales desde los márgenes

Los migrantes, en tanto ocupan una posición de subalternidad y vulnerabilidad en la sociedad de destino, pueden ser definidos como sujetos de análisis de los estudios culturales. Es desde este marco teórico, que indagaremos las prácticas sociales y culturales de los migrantes brasileños asentados en el nordeste de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Enfocaremos nuestra atención en analizar si estas prácticas son verdaderamente formas de resistir a la cultura dominante o simplemente constituyen formas de reproducción y naturalización de las mismas. A través de cuatro prácticas concretas (el portuñol, el brique, la compra-venta de mejoras y la ocupación espontánea de tierras privadas) llegaremos a la conclusión de que las mismas evidencian préstamos, concesiones, amalgamas, conflictos, subordinación y a la vez intersticios de creatividad con la cultura dominante. Demuestra el carácter relacional que posee la cultura popular para con la cultura hegemónica y su posición de subalternidad y de dominación.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Misiones, Argentina

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aims of this study were to describe the molecular epidemiology of HBV in the Province of Misiones, Argentina and estimate the phylodynamic of the main groups in a Bayesian coalescent framework. To this end, partial or complete genome sequences were obtained from 52 blood donor candidates.The phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of S/P region showed a predominance of genotype D (65.4%), followed by genotype F (30.8%) and genotype A as a minority (3.8%). At subgenotype level, the circulation of subgenotypes D3 (42.3%), D2 (13.5%), F1b (11.5%) and F4 (9.6%) was mainly identified.The Bayesian coalescent analysis of 29 complete genome sequences for the main groups revealed that the subgenotypes D2 and D3 had several introductions to the region, with ancestors dating back from 1921 to 1969 and diversification events until the late ‘70s. The genotype F in Misiones has a more recent history; subgenotype F4 isolates were intermixed with sequences from Argentina and neighboring countries and only one significant cluster dated back in 1994 was observed. Subgenotype F1b isolates exhibited low genetic distance and formed a closely related monophyletic cluster, suggesting a very recent introduction.In conclusion, the phylogenetic and coalescent analyses showed that the European genotype D has a higher circulation, a longer history of diversification and may be responsible for the largest proportion of chronic HBV infections in the Province of Misiones. Genotype F, especially subgenotype F1b, had a more recent introduction and its diversification in the last 20years might be related to its involvement in new transmission events.

Freshwater gastropods diversity hotspots: three new species from the Uruguay River (South America).

Background: The Atlantic Forest is globally one of the priority ecoregions for biodiversity conservation. In Argentina, it is represented by the Paranense Forest, which covers a vast area of Misiones Province between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers. The Uruguay River is a global hotspot of freshwater gastropod diversity, here mainly represented by Tateidae (genus Potamolithus) and to a lesser extent Chilinidae. The family Chilinidae (Gastropoda, Hygrophila) includes 21 species currently recorded in Argentina, and three species in the Uruguay River. The species of Chilinidae occur in quite different types of habitats, but generally in clean oxygenated water recording variable temperature ranges. Highly oxygenated freshwater environments (waterfalls and rapids) are the most vulnerable continental environments. We provide here novel information on three new species of Chilinidae from environments containing waterfalls and rapids in the Uruguay River malacological province of Argentina.Materials and Methods: The specimens were collected in 2010. We analyzed shell, radula, and nervous and reproductive systems, and determined the molecular genetics. The genetic distance was calculated for two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I–COI- and cytochrome b -Cyt b-) for these three new species and the species recorded from the Misionerean, Uruguay River and Lower Paraná-Río de la Plata malacological provinces. In addition, the COI data were analyzed phylogenetically by the neighbor-joining and Bayesian inference techniques.Results: The species described here are different in terms of shell, radula and nervous and reproductive systems, mostly based on the sculpture of the penis sheath. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the three new species with those present in the Lower Paraná-Río de la Plata and Uruguay River malacological provinces.Discussion: Phylogenetic analyses confirm the separation between the Uruguay River and the Misionerean malacological provinces in northeast Argentina. These new endemic species from the Uruguay River add further support to the suggestion that this river is a diversity hotspot of freshwater gastropods (with 54 species present in this basin, 15 of them endemic). These endemic species from environments with rapids and waterfalls should be taken into account by government agencies before the construction of dams that modify those ecologic niches in the Uruguay River.

<p><strong><em>Ixodes schulzei</em> Aragão & Fonseca, 1951 in Argentina </strong></p>

Fil: Lamattina, Daniela. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina

First finding of Trypanosoma cruzi II in vampire bats from a district free of domestic vector-borne transmission in Northeastern Argentina.

Establishing the putative links between sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is of public health relevance. We conducted three surveys to assess T. cruzi infection in wild mammals from a rural and a preserved area in Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina, which had recently been declared free of vector- and blood-borne transmission of human T. cruzi infection. A total of 200 wild mammals were examined by xenodiagnosis (XD) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the hyper-variable region of kinetoplast DNA minicircles of T. cruzi (kDNA-PCR). The overall prevalence of T. cruzi infection was 8%. Nine (16%) of 57 Didelphis albiventris opossums and two (7%) of 29 Desmodus rotundus vampire bats were positive by both XD and kDNA-PCR. Additionally, one D. rotundus positive for T. cruzi by kDNA-PCR tested positive by satellite-DNA-PCR (SAT-DNA-PCR). The T. cruzi-infected bats were captured indoors and in the yard of a vacant dwelling. All D. albiventris were infected with TcI and both XD-positive D. rotundus by TcII. Fifty-five opossum cubs within the marsupium were negative by XD. The mean infectiousness to the vector was 62% in D. albiventris and 50% in D. rotundus. Mice experimentally infected with a parasite isolate from a vampire bat displayed lesions typically caused by T. cruzi. Our study documents the presence of the genotype TcII in a sylvatic host for the first time in Argentina, and the occurrence of two transmission cycles of T. cruzi in a district free of domestic vector-borne transmission.

Kummerowia (Leguminosae, Desmodieae) novedad para la Flora Argentina.

En esta contribución, se menciona por primera vez para la flora argentina la presencia del género Kummerowia Schindl. (Leguminosae, Desmodieae): en la provincia de Misiones fue hallada K. striata (Thunb.) Schindl., naturalizada en bordes de ruta y otros ambientes. Se incluye la descripción e ilustración de esta especie, distribución y hábitats, usos y materiales de referencia.