Aceh Province In Indonesia Research Articles

State's Presence in Fulfilling Human Rights for Illegal Immigrants of Rohingya in Aceh

The study delves into the phenomenon of Rohingya illegal boat migration to Indonesia's Aceh Province during the period of 2020–2023, amid allegations of human rights violations by the Myanmar government. It aims to elucidate the factors driving this migration while examining the Indonesian government's response in meeting the basic needs of Rohingya arrivals from a human rights perspective. Employing a qualitative research methodology with a descriptive analysis approach, this study utilizes a framework encompassing national policy, migration, and human rights principles. Findings reveal that most Rohingyas view Aceh as a temporary transit point en route to Malaysia, often resorting to various means, including escape from Indonesian detention facilities. Their undocumented status impedes legal entry into Malaysia, leaving many stranded in Aceh and other parts of Indonesia. International law mandates that the Indonesian government afford protection to these individuals. The study underscores the Indonesian government's adherence to international legal obligations in safeguarding the human rights and welfare of Rohingya immigrants, thereby highlighting implications for policy and humanitarian practice.

Enhancement of disaster preparedness: Approaches of place attachment and behavior to “build back better” mosque as tsunami evacuation building in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 emphasizes the importance of learning from experiences to strengthen preparedness and “Build Back Better” through risk reduction in the phases of recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. On December 26, 2004, Aceh Province in Indonesia was affected by an earthquake and tsunami that caused infrastructure damage and resulted in the death of 160,000–200,000 people. Mc. Caughey simulation (2017) showed that 50% of respondents in Banda Aceh, preferred mosques as tsunami evacuation sites in the future. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the function of mosques as tsunami evacuation buildings through a community-based approach. The method involved participatory observation and in-depth interviews, guided by the principles of Sense of Place Attachment and Behavior Theory. The results showed that the Baitul Musyahadah Mosque satisfied the criteria for serving as a tsunami evacuation facility. A significant proportion of the community (38%) selected mosques as their preferred evacuation sites, considering factors such as ease of horizontal access (22%), ease of vertical access (22%), the call to prayer (12%), and the available space (4%). The analysis of sociodemographic factors indicated that individuals aged 20–30 expressed attachment towards the physical aesthetics of the mosques, while those aged 31–50 exhibited attachment towards the symbolic significance. This study recommended integrating the design concept of mosques to accommodate worship activities and emergency evacuation, thereby contributing to national and international endeavors aimed at mitigating tsunami risks.

Willingness-to-pay for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study in Aceh.

Background: Some Ebola vaccines have been developed and tested in phase III clinical trials. However, assessment of whether public have willingness to purchase or not, especially in unaffected areas, is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 August to 30 December 2015 in five cities in Aceh province of Indonesia. Patients' family members who visited outpatient departments were approached and interviewed about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of Ebola, attitude towards vaccination practice and their WTP for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine. A multivariable linear regression model assessed the relationship between these explanatory variables and WTP. Results: During the study, 500 participants were approached and interviewed. There were 424 (84.8%) respondents who completed the interview and 74% (311/424) expressed their acceptance for an Ebola vaccine. There were 288 participants who were willing to pay for an Ebola vaccine (92.6% out of 311). The mean of WTP was US$2.08 (95% CI: 1.75-2.42). The final multivariable model indicated that young age, high educational attainment, working as a private employee, entrepreneur or civil servant (compared to farmers), being unmarried, and residing in a suburb (compared to a city) were associated with higher WTP. Conclusions: Although the proportion of the participants who would accept the Ebola vaccine was relatively high, the amount they were willing to pay for Ebola vaccine was very low. This finding would indicate the need of subsidies for Ebola vaccine in the country.

Discovering the Prosodic Domain of Aceh Hakka Tone Sandhi

The research investigated the tonal system of the Hakka dialect spoken in the Aceh province of Indonesia. The aim of the research was twofold. First, it retranscribed the dialect’s tonal inventory and provided a comparison with Meixian Hakka and the inventory found in Chen’s (2007) research. Second, it analyzed the Shang Tone Sandhi Rule (STSR) of the dialect and its prosodic domain. The data were collected with a careful design based on the number of syllables, different prosodic structures, and a variety of tonal combinations. The data were collected from two informants, who were female Hakka native speakers that originated from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The research used mainly an impressionistic approach with some support from Praat Version 6.2.14 to evaluate the pitch of the tones. As for the research’s transcription, the researchers opt for the simpler yet phonologically distinct three-level height system (H, M, L) rather than the five-pitch category of Chao. The research identifies that there are six tonal values in this dialect. The tonal alternation rule, i.e., STSR, operates in a multisyllabic domain, and only the tone at the end of a domain is intact from tonal alternation. The STSR is not sensitive to the syntactic domain c-command relation of the Direct Reference Hypothesis. It also behaves differently compared to the Guangxing dialect Yangping Tone Sandhi Rule. As for prosody, the hierarchical domain of the rule in Aceh Hakka is bounded within the Utterance (U), which is different from the Yinping tone sandhi domain in Meinong Hakka, in which tone sandhi is blocked by the I domain (intonational phrase domain). Therefore, the researchers postulate that the domain for Aceh Hakka Shang tone sandhi lies in the Utterance (U).

Efficiency of zakat institutions: Evidence from an emerging economy

Efficiency is essential for an institution because it can measure how well resources are used to achieve its specific goals (Wahab & Rahman, 2011). Zakat institutions must be managed efficiently, so they are maximized in promoting socio-economic goals, especially poverty alleviation (Wahab & Rahman, 2013). This study aims to analyze the efficiency level of Baitul Mal districts/cities of Aceh Province in Indonesia. Efficiency measurement uses a nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach during 2018–2020. DEA analyzes the interaction between input variables consisting of socialization costs, number of amil, and operational costs, with output variables comprising the total collection and distribution of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (ZIS). The results show that 11 Baitul Mal out of 69 decision-making unit (DMU) (15.94%) are efficient overall, technical, and scale. As for technical efficiency, there are 16 Baitul Mal (23.19%) that are efficient, the remaining 26 Baitul Mal (40.58%) have a score below 60, and 27 Baitul Mal (36.23%) have a score above 60. Regency Baitul Mal Aceh Besar became the only Baitul Mal that achieved efficiency throughout the research period. The source of Baitul Mal’s inefficiency comes from all variables. Baitul Mal must optimize socialization costs by 60.68%, operational costs by 33.60%, and the role of amil by 3.20%. Furthermore, Baitul Mal must increase the amount of ZIS collection by 46.29% and the distribution of ZIS by 52.84% to achieve efficiency.

SENSITIVITY OF POVERTY DEPTH DETERMINANTS: ASSET OWNERSHIP AS MODERATION

This study aims to precisely determine the effect of poor households' total assets on the poverty depth level in the Aceh Province of Indonesia. The contribution of this research is that it can become a reference for poverty solutions at every level of poverty depth in Poor Households in various deciles. The moderation of the total assets of poor households can indicate the level of resilience of poor households. The moderate regression analysis using panel data for 2011-2021. The interaction between poor households on the variables of job, years of schooling, access to finance/credit loans, and total assets of poor households are different for each level of depth of poverty (in deciles from 1 to 4). Meanwhile, the total assets of poor households and jobs significantly reduce the number of poor households at each level. Education negatively affects poor households at depth-level 4th. Employment moderated by the total assets of poor households strengthens poverty reduction at all depth levels. Changes in asset ownership impact the welfare of the community. The findings of this study prove that changes in the assets owned by poor households can moderate the severity of poor households. Employment moderated by changes in assets is very dominant in influencing the depth level of poor households in each decile. Education has not become a priority for poor households at the poverty depth level, which is still high from deciles 1 to 3. Therefore, the government should focus more on assistance programs to improve skills in poor households to support livelihood resources.

Education Transformation Model of Traditional Pesantren in Aceh Province of Indonesia

This research explains that since Indonesia's establishment, Pesantren has demonstrated its ability to adapt to changing educational models as the embryo of the education model. During the transition of the educational model, this institution served as a grass-roots institution that provided basic education to people at all levels. Pesantren is competitive in assuring the development of a model of the education system that competes with the numerous models offered by other modern educational institutions. The Pesantren transformation model was examined using qualitative analysis in this study. Concrete data demonstrates that Pesantren as an Islamic institution has matured, with a wide range of options that contribute to the creation of pesantren's basic values as the spirit and culture of Indonesia. The result revealed that Pesantren, an Islamic educational institution, was developed and capable of competing in the face of education transformation needs.

The Impact of Premium Gasoline Price and Income Per Capita on Traffic Accidents: An Evidence from Panel Data Regression

Accident and safety cannot be separated due to their trade-offs by an individual when carrying out activities. Accident and safety issues are global issues and are being investigated. This study examines the impact of premium gasoline prices and per capita income on traffic accidents in 21 districts and cities in Aceh Province of Indonesia. This study used panel data from five years and 21 districts/cities. This research model uses a random effect model. The results showed that premium gasoline prices negatively affect income per capita and traffic accidents positively. These results fit theoretically. The effect of the price of 0.13 percent and income of 0.96 percent if there is an increase of 1 percent. The impact of income per capita is 7.38 times compared to premium gasoline prices. Then, the elasticity of income approach is elastic while the price is inelastic. The increase in per capita income causes people to buy more private vehicles, so the government needs regulation and socialization of the transfer of private vehicles to public transportation. Then, the police continue to urge the people to be careful in driving and a pioneer in traffic safety.

Diversity of wild edible fruit plant species and their threatened status in the Aceh Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Seprianto, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2022. Diversity of wild edible fruit plant species and their threatened status in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1311-1319. Aceh Province, Indonesia is home to a diverse range of tropical fruit plants. However, increased anthropogenic activities such as population growth and natural disasters resulted in various biological resources such as wild edible fruit plants being under threat. The study aimed to assess the diversity and threatened status of wild edible fruit plant species in the Aceh Province of Indonesia. The study was conducted in six regencies, namely Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Timur, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Utara, Aceh Barat, and Aceh Tengah. At each study area, a line transect of 1,000 meters was laid from the forest's edge into the forest. Wild edible fruit plant species discovered along the transect were collected and given local names. A total of 129 wild edible fruit plant species at six studied areas in the Aceh Province belonged to 38 families. The highest number of fruit plant species was recorded in the district of Aceh Tamiang, i.e., 63 species, followed by Aceh Selatan (56 species), Aceh Barat (46 species), Aceh Timur (37 species), Aceh Utara (31 species), and Aceh Tengah (23 species). Mangifera foetida Lour., Mangifera odorata Griff., Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Ficus altissima Blume, Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Passiflora foetida L., and Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. were the most frequently recorded wild fruit plant species in all regencies. From 129 wild edible fruit species recorded in the study areas, 35% are currently classified as Least Concern, 6% as Vulnerable, 3% as Near Threatened, 2% as Low Risk, 2% as Data Deficient, and 52% of species in the IUCN red list had No Available Data. Community-based conservation through domestication of wild edible fruit plant species can be one of the management strategies for the conservation of wild edible fruit plants in Aceh Province.

Salt attack and rising damp on house buildings at the tsunami-affected areas

Post tsunami 26 December 2004, rising damp and salt attack are two underestimated phenomena emerging on building construction on the tsunami-affected areas in Banda Aceh city, Aceh Province of Indonesia. The severity of building quality deterioration, particularly on the typical masonry walls, has never been observed by local inhabitants to have been escalated before the tsunami event. Such phenomena persistently present even after approaching the second decade of the post-tsunami event. The present study is the first attempt to explore the evidence of rising damp and salt attacks of the houses around the Banda Aceh city. Forty-five houses were purposively sampled based on their visual appearances being affected by the salt attack and rising damp, the heights of the rising damp, and also groundwater salinity in the vicinity of the sampled houses. The results show that the rising damp heights on the walls are relatively high in any location within the tsunami inundation boundary 500 m from the shoreline. However, a turning point where rising damp height reduced remarkably to less than 1 meter was identified as the distance of houses increased beyond 500 m from the shoreline. Overall, the high level of water salinity brought by tsunami inundation during the early post-tsunami has been an important controlling factor contributing to the salt attack and rising damp, regardless of the houses’ distance to the shoreline, but may have been indirectly influenced those phenomena in the long run.

Innovation for Handling Stunting Based on Community Empowerment in Gampong Ara, Kembang Tanjong Sub-District,Pidie District, Aceh Provinceof Indonesia(Study of Policy Implementation Based on Pidie Regent Regulation Number 77 of 2017 about Reduction in Stunting)

Data from the Department of Health of Pidie District in 2018, there are 557 out of 35,235 toddlers who suffer from stunting (1.5%), and in 2019 there were 2,667 of 37,309 toddlers (7.1%) and in 2020 to 962 people from 37,854 toddlers (2.5 %). This is different from the general phenomenon in Pidie District, in Ara Village in 2017 there are 13 stunting and 4 cases in 2019, and no more in 2020. This study aims to analyze the innovation of stunting handling based on community empowerment in Gampong Ara, Kembang Tanjong Sub-District, Pidie District, Aceh Province based on the Pidie Regent Regulation number 77 of 2017 about the Reduction of Stunting and its driving and inhibiting factors. The research approach uses a case study-based qualitative method. Information data were collected using interviews, observation, documentation studies, and data consistency test was conducted using triangulation test. Data analysis used the interactive process of Miles and Huberman (2014), with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of the study show that the mechanisms and procedures for stunting handling in Ara Village, based on the Pidie Regent Regulation number 77 of 2017, implemented with several innovations, namely: (1) make use of the Rumoh Gizi Gampong (RGG) as a center for community empowerment-based activities; (2) build relationships by utilizing networks within the framework of governance; and (3) accumulate funding supported by the government and the community in nature form, as well as (4) the existence of initiatives to address weak human resources through capacity building. Failure in stunting handling prominently can be caused by a lack of knowledge, low human resources, weak support from the village government, there is a wrong perception about clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), and poor environmental health. Based on the findings above, This study concludes that innovation from policy implementation can provide effective results, when pushed by the structure of network relations within the governance framework, empowerment-based community participation development, funding support is collaborative between the government and the community by prioritizing local culture, and the existence of initiatives that are implemented as a solution to overcome the existing inhibiting factors. Theoretically, this research provides a critique of the theory of Edward III, on the resource aspect, that the presence of weak resources can be substituted by strengthening capacity, so that policy implementation can run, even opening up space for innovation.

Is There a Relationship Between Social Capital and Organizational Citizenship Behavior ?: An Empirical Study from Legislature Member

Social capital is very important for every individual including members of the legislature. Theoretically and referring to the findings of previous studies organizational citizenship behavior is positively related to the social capital. Until now no studies have examined the relationship between social capital and organizational citizenship behavior on legislature. This paper presents the empirical findings on the relationship between social capitals with organizational citizenship behavior among legislature member in the Aceh province of Indonesia. The samples of the study are 243 legislature members from 23 districts in Aceh Province. The data collection utilizes questionnaires. We employed structural equation modeling for the research framework and AMOS was used to analyze the model. Our study reveals that social capital significantly related to organizational citizenship behavior .

Conservation impact from Lamteungoh fishing village: lesson learned from Aceh coastal area

Indonesia is an archipelago nation with most of its big cities lays on or adjacent to the coastal area. Thus, driving huge demand for marine and fisheries resources in the concerning region. However, with a long coastline, the rural areas or coastal villages are distributed along the coast surrounding the archipelago, therefore it is reasonable to consider the impact being given by the coastal village on its effort toward conservation. In this study, we applied the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS), which is a recently developed technique to quickly assess the fisheries management system, which is time-efficient, was cost-effective and was gathered from coastal community and stakeholders. In this study, the study area is located at Lamteungoh village in the coastal area of Peukan Bada subdistrict, Aceh Province. This village is known for its pristine coastal and marine ecological condition compare to the other region. The result shows that the traditional fishermen institution called the Panglima Laot has a significant role in the region’s conservation actions. Some policies of implementing area- and time-based restrictions in engagement to the marine resource by the fishermen, as well as restrictions to catch particular marine species have impacted positively towards conservation activities in the region. Thus, it is possible to replicate this traditional management system at the other coastal areas beside Aceh province in Indonesia.

Salam financing: from common local issues to a potential international framework

PurposeThis research is concerned with the development of Salam, which caters for the specific needs of farmers, who form a vital yet fragile group in most developing nations. Based on the local context of Aceh Province in Indonesia which is considered to be parallel with other developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to embrace the whole set of issues and sketch out an extended Business Model Canvas (BMC) for Salam financing by delineating the three W’s of What, Why and How Salam can be offered by Islamic Banks (IBs).Design/methodology/ApproachIn-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders comprising of farmers, higher-ranking bankers of IBs, members of the Syariah Supervisory Board and academicians who are experts in Islamic finance. The re sults of the interviews added to a review of the literature were also mapped onto an extended canvas model.FindingsSeveral interesting insights are derived and, primarily, that Salam is a feasible product to be offered by IBs, provided that there is a significant change in the thinking paradigm and risk mitigation models by all stakeholders, but mainly the IBs and the regulators.Research limitations/implicationsThis study may be limited in the number and range of respondents who were chosen for interview. There are possibly other key informants, such as regulators and local custom figures, who may willing to provide useful information. The application of BMC for Salam may also be relatively new, hence its justification for a wider implementation may still need further analysis.Originality/valueThis study is deemed to add significant perspectives on product development and innovation in Islamic banking and particularly regarding Salam. This study advances the method used to study Salam by contextualising the product mapping of Salam into an extended BMC.

The Causes of Bureaucratic Petty Corruption in the Province of Aceh in Indonesia

This article tried to explain the causes of petty corruption in the Province of Aceh. It took the kleptocratic approach and Patrimonialism Politics model in explaining the causes of corruption in the region. It had utilized extensively the secondary sources data from books, journal articles and local media report. It found that after the end of the conflict, Aceh was captured by the local kleptocratic elite and they have been effectively used the patrimonialism politics in maintaining their hegemony and protect their group interest. Leaving the region as the state of being one of the poorest region in Indonesia.

Economic legacy effects of armed conflict: Insights from the civil war in Aceh, Indonesia

The province of Aceh in Indonesia provides a promising case for studying the economic legacy effects of conflict given subnational district-level data on violence and gross domestic product. We demonstrate specific negative economic legacy effects of armed conflict despite a general peace dividend: whilst all districts in Aceh grow faster after conflict ends in 2005 than during the conflict, the districts that suffered relatively more from violence during the war grow relatively more slowly during peacetime than districts that experienced relatively little violence. These negative legacy effects are relatively short-lived, however, and are no longer statistically significant from 2009 onwards. JEL classification: O40, O47, Q54

Analysis of Literation Ability to Translate Aceh Language by Elementary School Students in Langsa City

Langsa is a municipality in Aceh province of Indonesia, with a heterogeneous population consisting of many ethnic groups. Due to this, over the years, the Acehnese language has evolved as a regional language used in daily communication, especially in environments such as schools. The literacy skills of students in Acehnese language will determine its preservation in years to come. Therefore, this study aims to describe the literacy ability of elementary school students from Langsa city in translating texts in Acehnese language. Adapting to the new normal situation, the sampling method was carried out based on the recommended health protocol to randomly select students as the research object. Data were collected through observation, test administration, and the results were then analysed to determine the students’ literacy ability to translate the Acehnese language.
 Keywords: ability, literacy, translation, Acehnese language

The productivity of Gayo buffaloes viewed from reproduction aspect in Linge Sub-District of Central Aceh District, Aceh Province of Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the productivity of female Gayo buffaloes in Linge Sub-District, Central Aceh District. Survey was used to obtain the primary data through direct interview techniques with buffalo owners based on a questionnaire that had been prepared previously. As many as 40 buffalo owners became the respondents in this study spread in four selected villages (Pantan Nangka, Delung Sekinel, Umang, and Gelampang Gading). The determination of respondents was done by using purposive sampling method with a minimum provision of breeders maintaining two female buffaloes that have bred at least two times and have a minimum experience of breeding for four years. The results showed that female Gayo buffalos had good reproductive productivity. Female Gayo buffalos experienced puberty at 33.8 ± 0.63 months old with the average age at first breeding was at 35.4 ± 0.67 months old, age of first calving was at 46.47 ± 4.44 months old, conception period was for 332.25 ± 26.64 days, average calving interval was at 14.82 ± 1.81 months, service period was at 3.42 ± 0.50 months, and percentage of calving rate was 67.92 %. It was concluded that female Gayo buffalos in Linge Subdistrict, Central Aceh Regency has good productivity.

Impact of dedicated mini roundabout on the capacity and level of services of the unsignalized intersection

This paper is aiming at investigating the impact of dedicated mini-roundabout on the capacity and level of services at a four-legged unsignalized intersection. The assessment was carried out based on two scenarios namely before the installation mini-roundabout (existing) and after installation (improvement). Datasets were collected at Ujung Stasiun KA unsignalized intersection, which is in the center of Bireuen City, Aceh province of Indonesia. A video-cameras are installed to observed traffic patterns including hourly volume, movement trajectories, and vehicle composition during three days on a morning, afternoon, and evening peak hour traffic. The Indonesian highway capacity manual (IHCM, 1997) is used to evaluate the capacity and level of service in existing conditions while the simulation approach using VISSIM is then performed to assess the scenario of virtual implementation dedicated mini roundabout. The result of analysis demonstrates that the capacity of unsignalized slightly increases by 5% while the delay and level of service are significantly reduced to 42% (31.02 sec to 18 sec), and improved from E to C, for delay and LOS, respectively. It can be concluded that the improvement of the existing condition by implemented a dedicated mini roundabout could improve the capacity and LOS in the study area.

Measurement level of incursion cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella snella) at community cocoa plantations in East Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia

East Aceh Regency constitutes as one of the central cocoa production areas in the Aceh Province. The main problem faced in the cultivation of cocoa plants is the high instances of attack from the Plants Gadfly Organism, especially the Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), which can lead to a decrease in the production of cocoa. The purpose of this research is to investigate the percentage and the intensity of CPB pest attacks at community cocoa plantations. The study was conducted in the East Aceh Regency of the Aceh Province in Indonesia. Research was initiated from January until April of 2020. This research utilized a survey method; here the location was determined using a purposive sampling method. Each plantation was classified by untreated plantations, sober treated plantations, intensive treated plantations that implemented the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practice. The occurrences of CPB attacks were observed in each classification. The results showed that the levels of incursions by CPB pests was different depending on the classification level of the plantation. The findings highlighted the importance of implementing the practice of IPM to reduce instances of CPB incursion.