Provinces In China Research Articles

Work stress and competency among radiology residents: the mediating effect of resilience.

Competency of health professionals stands as a fundamental element in ensuring the quality of care. Notably, work stress and resilience are found to be associated with competency of health professionals. However, the role of resilience between work stress and competency remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate competency, work stress and resilience of radiology residents, and to examine the mediating effect of resilience. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,666 radiology residents from 31 provinces of China in 2021. The diagnostic radiology milestones were used to measure the competency. Results of work stress and resilience were derived from self-reports and assessment of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) respectively. To examine the association between work stress, resilience, and competency, Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were employed. The mediating effect of resilience was tested by bootstrapping analysis. Descriptive statistics show that the average score (mean ± SD) of work stress, competency and resilience among radiology residents were 1.55 ± 1.53 (range from 0 to 6), 28.14 ± 13 (range from 0 to 81) and 5.97 ± 1.92 (range from 0 to 8), respectively. Work stress was negatively associated with competency (β = -0.51, p < 0.001) and resilience (-0.57, p < 0.001). In particular, resilience mediated the relationship between work stress and competence, and the total mediating effect was -0.49 (= - 0.57 * 0.86), accounting for 49.06% of the total effect. Work stress is a significant contributor to competence among radiology residents. Resilience significantly mediated the association. This study highlights incorporating resilience training courses into the standardized residency training program to reduce intensive work stress and promote competency of radiology residents.

Representative CO2 emissions pathways for China's provinces toward carbon neutrality under the Paris Agreement's 2 °C target

China has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. It is essential to develop representative CO2 emissions pathways at the provincial level that align with the national target to facilitate effective policy implementation and scientific research. To address inconsistencies between provincial aggregate emissions and national estimates, this study compares the 2021 CO2 emissions estimates of China's provinces from the bottom‒up emissions factor method and the top‒down atmospheric CO2 concentration inversion method. We find that these methods yield comparable results for the emissions from energy combustion and industrial processes at the provincial level. Based on a review of existing research on CO2 pathways for China's provinces, we propose a set of representative pathways for China's provinces. These pathways align with past practices of allocating national emissions intensity reduction targets to provinces and are consistent with the national Tsinghua‒CMA pathway. The proposed pathways require provinces to sequentially peak their emissions by 2030, followed by rapid emissions reduction. Compared to a reference scenario without the carbon neutrality target, these pathways would incur an estimated cumulative GDP loss of about 1% between 2020 and 2060. However, there are notable regional variations, with some regions in the northwest potentially experiencing higher economic growth due to the availability of high-quality low-carbon resources. We recommend that China enhance provincial-level CO2 emissions accounting by cross-validating bottom‒up and top‒down methods. Additionally, careful consideration should be given to aligning provincial targets with national and global commitments when updating pathways toward carbon neutrality.

Economic analysis of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water technology by provinces in China

A novel model for measuring the economics of hydrogen generation via electrolytic water projects was constructed. The model overcomes the current problem of incomplete and inaccurate assessments of the price of producing hydrogen via water, which are caused by ignoring the indirect carbon costs of different power generation sources in the process of determining the cost of producing hydrogen via water. The model was used to analyze the price of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis and its sensitivity to the electricity costs of hydrogen production and carbon prices in various provinces of China. With the continuing increase in the penetration of novel energy in China’s power system and the gradual decline in electricity prices, the price of producing hydrogen via electrolytic water is expected to be close to or even lower than that of producing hydrogen via coal in the future. Geographical differences also have a significant impact on the price of producing hydrogen, which is typically higher in the southeastern coastal region than in the western region, because of the local price of electricity and the composition of the energy sources. Provinces that have been effective in developing novel energy sources, such as Qinghai, Sichuan, and others, have been effective in the hydrogen energy industry. Sichuan and other provinces with significant new energy development have a clear advantage in the hydrogen industry. Because provinces with low hydrogen production costs can transport hydrogen to provinces with high hydrogen production costs through pipelines, hydrogen pipelines are planned from Shaanxi to Henan and from Xinjiang to Nei Mongol. These study results reveal the relative economic advantages of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis under various energy and electricity price policies and provide new perspectives on China’s energy strategy and the growth of the hydrogen energy sector.

HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening in China: A multi-center study

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling is a new method for collecting cervical isolated cells, but research been carried out in multi-ethnic and multi-regional areas of China is scarce. ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the accuracy and acceptability of HPV self-sampling and analyze the characteristics of HPV infection. Study designWomen aged 25–65 years were recruited from 8 provinces in China. Women underwent clinician-sampling and self-sampling and were asked to complete a 65-question questionnaire on their acceptance of HPV self-sampling. The paired samples were analyzed for 23 genotypes of HPV by polymerase chain reaction. Results5551 women were recruited, of which 5417 were eligible for analysis. 3163 women have completed and submitted the questionnaire. The top five infection genotypes were HPV 52, 58, 16, 39, and 68. The highest infection rate was in the 25–30 years group. The crude agreement between self-sampling and clinician-sampling was 93.06 %. 43.79 % of women preferred self-sampling over clinician-sampling, and 67.59 % preferred doing self-sampling at the hospital. ConclusionHPV self-sampling could be an effective supplement to traditional cervical screening in China. Clinicians’ advocacy, timely reminders and guidance for women with abnormal self-sampling results are needed. In addition, new vaccination and cervical screening recommendations might be adjusted to fit populations with different characteristics.

Transfer of pesticides and metabolites in corn: Production, processing, and livestock dietary burden

Corn stover is widely used in livestock feed but has received limited attention regarding its potential risks. In this study, pesticide residues were monitored across 12 provinces in China, and terminal residues of four pesticides, chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, epoxiconazole, and pyraclostrobin, were tested. In addition, the silage processing experiment was conducted. All processing factors (PF) were <1, indicating pesticide degradation. The physicochemical properties of pesticides, especially log P, were related to degradation efficiency. Pesticides with higher log P values showed higher PFs (0.43 to 0.85), indicating lower degradation efficiency. The dietary burden of livestock before and after silage processing was calculated using OECD livestock dietary burden calculator. Results showed that after silage fermentation, the dietary burden was reduced by 28.8 % to 79.2 %. Throughout the entire production and processing process, the fastest degradation of all pesticides in whole corn was primarily observed from the pesticide application time to the harvest time, with some pesticides also showing accelerated degradation during subsequent processing stages. Therefore, in actual production, especially for pesticides which are difficult to degrade, appropriate extension of the safety interval or selection of suitable processing methods can be taken to further reduce pesticide residues in agricultural products.

Incremental marketization reforms and venture capital strategy adjustments: Based on industrial chain innovation development

Marketization reforms are essential for ensuring long-term development. This paper examines the effect and mechanisms of marketization reforms on venture capital strategy adjustments using panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022. The study finds that marketization reforms have increased the level of venture capital primarily by enhancing industrial chain innovation and reducing tax burdens. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed to deepen marketization reforms and advance venture capital strategy adjustments in China.

Comprehensive evaluation of rural entrepreneurial environment based on Pressure-State-Response model -evidence from China

Background and aimsThe study of rural entrepreneurial environment is one of the key issues in rural entrepreneurship research.The rural entrepreneurship environment plays a key role in increasing the success rate of farmers' entrepreneurship and promoting their employment. Scientific evaluation of the rural entrepreneurial environment is important for governments to formulate relevant policies and optimize the rural entrepreneurial environment. Methods and resultsThis paper constructs a rural entrepreneurship environment evaluation index system based on PSR (Pressure-State-Response) model.The entropy Weight-TOPSIS method was used to measure the rural entrepreneurship environment in 30 provinces in China, the Gini coefficient was used to explore the regional differences, and the barrier degree model was used to diagnose the barrier factors. The results of the study show that: China's rural entrepreneurship environment has a ladder, the rural entrepreneurship environment is divided into four tiers, Guizhou is in the leading tiers, Shandong and other 13 provinces are in the challenging tiers, Inner Mongolia and other 11 provinces are in the catching-up tiers, and Hainan and other 5 provinces are in the improving tiers. Provincial differences are large, and the regional rural entrepreneurship environment is obviously unbalanced. ConclusionThis paper applies the PSR ("Pressure State Response") model to rural entrepreneurship environment evaluation, analyzes the relationship between the indicators according to the relationship structure of the sub-models in the model, and provides a theoretical basis for the rural entrepreneurship environment evaluation system and scientific evaluation. The rural entrepreneurship evaluation index system is regarded as an ecosystem, and the nonlinear effect between the elements is considered.

Sleep disorders among frontline nurses after the COVID-19 outbreak: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

This large-scale cross-sectional multicenter study aims to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders among frontline nurses in China after the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify potential influencing factors contributing to these sleep disturbances. A total of 2065 frontline nurses from 27 provinces in China participated in an online survey conducted through the Wenjuan Xing platform. Data on demographic characteristics, work-related factors, and mental health assessments, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were collected. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, t-tests, binary logistic regression, and ROC analysis, were conducted to explore the relationships between various factors and sleep disorders. Over half (52.7%) of the surveyed nurses exhibited sleep disorders, reflecting a considerable post-pandemic impact on sleep quality. Factors such as nursing titles, personality traits, COVID-19 infection status, and exercise frequency showed statistically significant associations with sleep disorders. Extraverted nurses and those who had recovered from COVID-19 displayed a lower risk of sleep disorders, while anxiety was identified as an independent risk factor. The study also identified a nuanced relationship between exercise frequency and sleep quality. The study highlights a high prevalence of sleep disorders among frontline nurses post-COVID-19, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Factors such as nursing titles, personality traits, COVID-19 infection status, exercise habits, and anxiety levels were found to influence sleep quality. Comprehensive support strategies addressing these factors are essential for improving the overall well-being of frontline nurses and, subsequently, sustaining a resilient healthcare workforce. Further research is recommended to explore additional influencing factors and consider diverse nurse populations.

Predicting the Potential Distribution of Rare and Endangered Emmenopterys henryi in China Under ClimateChange.

Climate change has a pivotal impact on the potential distribution of endangered and relic tree species. Probably due to unrepresentative sampling and single algorithm, at present, there are different views on the potential range of the endangered tree Emmenopterys henryi, endemic to China. Here, we first collated 612 occurrence records and 22 environmental variables including climate, topography, and soil. Combined the Biomod2 with MaxEnt, we then predicted its past, current, and future potential suitable area in China, and determined the key factors influencing its distribution. The ensemble model results showed that the main environmental variables affecting this species were the minimum temperature of the coldest month (BIO6), precipitation of warmest quarter (BIO18), and temperature seasonality (BIO4). Its current potential distribution area was 176.53 × 104 km2, mainly concentrated in eastern, central, and southwestern China. Collectively, the suitable area of E. henryi would averagely decrease by 3.90% in all 16 future scenarios, with its centroid largely migrating northeastward. Our findings indicate that the endangered E. henryi covered 18 provinces in China, having a larger area than known. Moreover, climate change may have an adverse effect on its potential distribution. In addition, the ensemble model can produce more effective prediction outcomes than MaxEnt for such endemic tree species with large environmental range. We recommend increasing sample representativeness by analyzing the completeness properties of sample coverage, and simultaneously selecting appropriate algorithms to ensure the reliability of distribution prediction for endangered and relict tree species.

Epidemiological and genomic analysis revealed the significant role of flies in dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in China

While the role of flies as potential vectors for bacterial transmission is well recognized, the epidemiological features and genomic characteristics of associated antimicrobial-resistant strains remain underexplored. This study conducted a nationwide surveillance including 3689 flies and 838 isolates from sixteen human communities (HCs) and eight animal farms (AFs) across 21 provinces in China. Our findings revealed high carriage rates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in flies, with 27.0 % in AFs and 15.3 % in HCs. Among the 705 CRE strains identified, Providencia spp. (n = 356) and Escherichia coli (n = 231) were predominant, with 90.6 % attributed to the dissemination of the blaNDM gene. Phylogenetic tree analysis highlighted frequent clonal transmission events, with over 18 and 13 clonal evolutionary clades in Providencia spp. and E. coli, respectively. Notably, spearman analysis linked the increase of CRE prevalence in AFs flies to environmental factors like precipitation (p < 0.028) and temperature (p < 0.037), while in HCs, it positively corelated with the total meat production (p < 0.027) in each province except for Hainan. Despite significant differences in ciprofloxacin resistance (p ≤ 0.001) among E. coli strains from HCs and AFs, core genome cluster analysis and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) approach indicated these strains exhibiting close relatedness to clinical strains. This comprehensive study underscores the critical role of flies in the escalation of CRE spread within the ecosystem in China. Flies found in both HCs and AFs contribute to the dissemination of CRE, highlighting the need for urgent interventions to address this pressing issue.

Preparation of a nanofiber membrane loaded with Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. Extract for rapid hemostasis

Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. is a plant with a rapid hemostatic effect that is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and other provinces in China. In this study, we prepared a new rapid hemostatic wound dressing using Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. extract (MDLE). Nanofiber membranes (PVA/CS/MDLE) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), and different doses of MDLE were prepared using an electrospinning method.Then, each group of nanofiber membranes was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The diameters of PVA/CS, PVA/CS/2.8 %-MDLE, PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE, and PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE were 207.2 ± 36.65 nm, 313.3 ± 68.14 nm, 350.0 ± 80.55 nm, and 371.1 ± 82.84 nm, respectively. PVA/CS/2.8 %-MDLE exhibited the greatest mechanical strength, while PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE exhibited the greatest elongation at break. PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE and PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE exhibited significant bacteriostatic effects and inhibited Staphylococcus aureus more effectively than Escherichia coli. The PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE group had a significant hemostatic effect (P < 0.001), and all groups exhibited hydrophilicity, swelling ratios, and low toxicity. As the drug concentration increased, the time required for hemostasis decreased. Overall, these findings demonstrated that the PVA/CS/MDLE has great potential as a wound dressing. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a functional nanofiber with rapid hemostasis has been successfully prepared using MDLE.

Is industrial structure determined on water endowment in China? An empirical study of 31 provinces between 2011 and 2021

The interaction between water resources and industrial development remains inadequately comprehended in China. This study aims to explore the influence of water resources on industrial structure and its underlying mechanisms. The study establishes a theoretical mechanism framework based on the resource curse and blessing theory, examines the influence of water endowment on industrial structure, and investigates its influencing mechanism by using panel data from 31 provinces in China between 2011 and 2021. The study finds that, between 2011 and 2021, the national water-industry coordination gradually increased and remained uncoordinated. Water endowment and industrial structure exhibit a U-shaped relationship with spatial spillover effects. Water endowment reverses the industrial structure in water-scarce regions, while it promotes it in water-abundant regions. Both the curse and blessing of water resources are identified in China, and 30 provinces are “cursed”. The water-industry coordination plays a moderating role in the influence of water endowment on industrial structure, mitigating the effects of both the water resource curse and blessing. It expands the range of influence of the reverse effect and can shift the water resource curse to the water resource blessing. It is therefore proposed to employ water resources as an effective instrument to facilitate regional industrial upgrading, reinforce advanced agglomeration industry system, promote industrial structure adaptation to water resources, and strengthen the implementation of “Determining Industry on Water”. The paper illustrates the different water-industry interactions in water-scarce and water-abundant regions and the role of water-industry coordination in transforming the resource curse into the resource blessing.

Enhancing the energy level of regional digital innovation ecosystems: A configuration perspective.

This study introduces the concept of "energy level" into the analysis of innovation ecosystems. Drawing on the theory of "architects", we have identified the key architects of regional digital innovation ecosystems. By integrating Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we examined the configuration effects of internal architects, external architects, and digital innovation habitats on the energy level of these ecosystems, utilizing data from 30 provinces in China as case studies. The results indicate that the contribution of a single architect to achieving a high energy level in a regional digital innovation ecosystem is limited and cannot be regarded as a necessary condition for driving a high energy level. However, core innovation actors and digital infrastructures emerge as more significant core conditions. The architects of regional digital innovation ecosystems exhibit multiple concurrent causal relationships. The configuration paths of high and non-high energy levels of ecosystems display a causally asymmetric "multiple paths to the same outcome" relationship. The three identified paths for driving high energy levels are categorized as "core actor-infrastructure"-driven paths. The findings of this paper hold substantial theoretical and practical significance for fostering the healthy development of regional digital innovation ecosystems.

Chinese Minimum Wages and Health

Variation in the timing of changes in the minimum wage across provinces in China is exploited using individual/household longitudinal survey data from 2010 to 2018 to examine potential health effects on working age individuals in households that are likely affected by minimum wages. Minimum wage increases are estimated to improve self-reported health particularly by reducing the incidence of self-reported overall poor health. There is also reasonably strong evidence that they reduce unhappiness and lower dissatisfaction with less robust evidence that they improve mental health and lower recent discomfort. Importantly, there is a type of “dose-response” effect: the estimates indicate no health effects of minimum wage increases on those in households likely not affected financially by the minimum wage with health effects increasing the more likely the household is financially affected. The results are driven by the findings for males.

The impact of town planning on direct residential CO2 emissions in rural China

China's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 has made decarbonization a key principle for spatial planning (also referred to as urban/city/town planning). Although the mitigation effect of spatial planning in urban areas has been well documented, its significance in rural development has yet to be investigated. This paper addresses this research gap by empirically examining the influence of town planning on rural direct residential CO2 emissions (DRCEs) across 30 provinces in China. Based on various quantitative models, this study not only confirms the significant impact of town planning on rural DRCEs and the moderation effect of plan implementation capacity but also discloses that different dimensions of town planning have disparate roles in rural DRCE reduction. Additionally, regional variations in the mitigation effects of town planning on rural DRCEs were observed. The study also reveals spatial spillover effects, indicating that the influence of town planning on rural DRCEs extends beyond individual areas. Overall, China's experiences demonstrate that well-managed town planning could play an essential role in low-carbon rural revitalization or, otherwise, it may augment rural DRCEs per capita. Consequently, governments should ascribe great importance to low-carbon town planning and allocate sufficient resources to towns, especially those in the central and western regions, so that they can afford professional planning consultation and adequate staffing in plan implementation. Moreover, governments should cooperate to promote knowledge sharing and transferring of low-carbon planning.

Study on the influence of global tourism development on the upgrading of county industrial structure

Taking the global tourism as an important grasp, promoting the tourism to the industrial structure optimization and economic development of the driving force, is conducive to the high-quality development of China's county economy. Based on the panel data of 255 demonstration counties of global tourism in 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, and on the basis of analyzing the correlation between the two, this paper empirically tests the relationship between the development of global tourism and the upgrading of county industrial structure by using static panel model and systematic GMM estimation method. It is found that the development of global tourism has a positive and significant impact on the upgrading of county industrial structure, and there are significant differences in this effect between the eastern, central and western regions of China. Therefore, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the upgrading of county industrial structure through the development of global tourism.

Foreign language teachers' PERMA well-being and life satisfaction: Mediating role of teaching effectiveness

BackgroundTeacher well-being, encompassing emotional, psychological, and social dimensions, significantly influences teaching effectiveness. Understanding the factors that enhance teacher well-being and effectiveness is crucial, particularly amidst global teacher shortages and high turnover rates. MethodThe present study gathered data from 252 university-level foreign language teachers from eight provinces in China. Participants completed measures assessing well-being (using the PERMA model), teaching effectiveness, and life satisfaction scales through online surveys. Data were analyzed using JASP and SPSS for regression and mediation analyses. ResultsThe findings revealed that Positive emotions and relationships significantly predicted life satisfaction, while accomplishment significantly predicted teaching effectiveness. Both teaching effectiveness and overall well-being were significant predictors of life satisfaction. However, teaching effectiveness did not significantly mediate the relationship between overall well-being and life satisfaction, indicating that these factors independently contribute to life satisfaction. ConclusionOur findings share the inclusion of PERMA principles in enhancing teaching effectiveness and life satisfaction among foreign language teachers. Constructive future directions are suggested for professional development for improving teacher well-being and effectiveness.

Dynamic evolution and influencing factors of internal and external synergy in China's energy industry: From the perspective of industrial chain

The distortion of factors between the upstream and downstream of the energy industry, as well as the lack of collaborative models between it and the energy equipment manufacturing industry, impede the smooth achievement of the "dual-carbon" goal, and industrial synergy can better solve this problem. From the perspective of the industrial chain, this study measures for the first time the level of internal and external synergies in the energy industry based on industrial data from 30 provinces in China from 2013-2022, and analyzes in depth the dynamic evolution of internal and external synergies in the energy industry and the factors influencing them. Using ArcMap 10.2 and the variance decomposition model, it is found that the upstream and downstream sectors of the energy industry have non-equilibrium in time and space, and their factor mismatch in resource-based regions is still more serious. Therefore, a state of synergy needs to be created between upstream and downstream sectors, between the energy industry and the energy equipment manufacturing industry. Using each of the status quo maps as well as the Kernel model, it was concluded that external synergies decrease and then increase, with a gradual decrease in the gap between regions. However, internal synergies show an upward and then downward trend. Meanwhile, the results of the GTWR model show that the effects of various influences on internal and external synergies are not only positively or negatively different, but also spatially more unbalanced. It should accelerate the promotion of policy guidance, actively cultivate the external environment, rationalize the layout of regional industries, and promote the synergistic development of the energy industry internally and externally.

Optimization of vegetation carbon content parameters and their application in carbon storage estimation in China

As a key parameter for C pool and flux assessments, vegetation carbon (C) content can be used in ecological models to predict climate-induced changes in the C sequestration capacity of vegetation. However, the differences in methods for upscaling C content from the organ to the community scale and their impact on regional C stock estimates have been ignored. Based on a comprehensive community structure survey of 72 typical natural ecosystems in China and 27,905 measured samples of plant organs (leaves, twigs, trunks, and roots), we first quantified the differences among scaling-up methods for vegetation C content. These methods included the community or dominant species-weighted mean, geometric mean, arithmetic mean, and traditional empirical coefficients (45 % and 50 %), and their impact on C storage estimation at the regional scale. Comparing the accuracy, variability, and response patterns of the different scaling-up methods, the dominant C species biomass-weighted mean (CDWM) method had the highest similarity to the community-weighted C mean (CCWM) method. Concerning vegetation C storage estimation in China's natural terrestrial ecosystems, the relative errors of the other methods ranged from −2.6 % to 8.22 % compared with that of the CCWM method (18.39 Pg C). The empirical coefficients had the highest uncertainty, with a 45 % empirical coefficient underestimating the vegetation C stock by 2.60 %, and a 50 % empirical coefficient overestimating it by 8.22 %. The CDWM method proposed here has high reliability for C storage estimation (overestimated by only 0.44 %), making it a preferable sampling and scaling-up method for regional C content and stock assessment. Additionally, our study provided the C content of plant organs for China's provinces and typical vegetation types based on the CCWM, which could be used for regional C stock assessment and C cycle models.

Measurement, spatial differences and driving effects of well-being levels in China.

As the largest developing country, China has accumulated enormous material wealth since its reform and opening-up policy. How to effectively evaluate the level of well-being in China has become a meaningful research endeavor. Using the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition methods, the study examines the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, spatial differences and driving effects of provincial well-being levels from 2007 to 2020. The results of this study suggest that the level of well-being as a whole, as well as in the eastern, central and western regions increased significantly over the period, with an "east-to-west decreasing" distribution in China. In terms of the pattern of inter-provincial distribution, although the level of well-being in the central and western regions has improved at a faster rate, most provinces in the eastern region have always been among the leading teams on the path of livelihood development. There is still enormous room for improvement in the level of well-being in the central and western provinces. The overall differences in the development of well-being in China, as well as intra-regional and inter-regional differences among the three major regions, showed a narrowing trend. Intra-regional differences in the development of well-being are greatest in the western region, and inter-regional differences in the development of well-being are greatest in the eastern and western regions. Inter-regional differences are the main reason for the spatial differences in well-being among China's provinces. The combination of economic, social, ecological and technological effects has led to a gradual increase in the level of well-being over the sample period. Among them, economic, social and technological effects have a clear positive driving effect on the increase of well-being levels, while ecological effect have a certain negative driving influence.