Streaming Service Providers Research Articles

The Walt Disney Company: What does its Future Hold?

Pandemic has speeded up the development process of streaming media, this paper will focus on The Walt Disney Company - one of the most successful companies in providing streaming services, seeing how this company thrives in this area, as well as the advantages that can ensure it to be one of the leading medias and entertainment companies in the next 10 years. After that, I will provide some suggestions for the company base on my current understanding of its strategy, while I agree with its ongoing intentions to speed up direct-to-consumer business.

PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAAN TERHADAP NIAT BERKELANJUTAN DI MEDIASI OLEH KEPERCAYAAN

This study was conducted on the users of Netflix, a video-on-demand streaming service provider, in Malang city. The independent variable is perceived ease of use (X), while the mediating variable is trust (Z), and the dependent variable is continuance intention (Y). The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the effect of perceived ease of use on continuance intention with the mediation of trust. Since this study aims to explain the relationship between or the effect of variables being studied, this research is categorized as causal research. The respondents of this research are 130 users of Netflix in Malang city. The data was harvested from the respondents through Likert scaled questionnaires and was analyzed using path analysis to identify the direct and indirect effects. The research instruments were assessed using validity and reliability tests performed in SPSS 25. This study finds that perceived ease of use directly has a positive and significant effect on continuance intention and the trust of the users. Furthermore, trust positively and significantly affects continuance intention and is able to mediate the effect of perceived ease of use on continuance intention.

Noise-Resistant Video Channel Identification

As the video streaming traffic grows exponentially nowadays, variable bitrate (VBR) encoding has been widely utilized by modern live video streaming service providers, such as YouTube, TikTok, and Twitch. However, video bitrate can be a delicate fingerprint of the video streaming, leading to risks of privacy leakage. There are several studies that attempt to eavesdrop the privacy from encrypted video streaming, but most of them presume strict requirements on the implementation environments and have great limitations when noise interference exists. Actually, the video traffic from the multimedia edge server is distinct from interapplication traffic flows due to device customization and can be identified even if there are noise interferences or the victim in a weak network condition. In this paper, a video traffic identification method is proposed to identify the encrypted video streaming from multimedia edge server under the interference of irrelevant traffic flows. Initially, we use an interapplication filter to identify the traffic from the edge server. Then, a longest-common-subsequence (LCS)-based method is developed for similarity matching to resist the noise interference from unpredictable burst traffic and network environment variations. In order to evaluate the system performance, we setup the prototype system with an AWS EC2 server and a raspberry pi device, then utilize the real-world trace data for pushing movies to victims. The experimental results show that the accuracy of our proposed strategy can reach 89.1% within 140 seconds eavesdropping even mixed with 14% noise interference.

The Extended Self: Youth’s Identity in the Music Consumption of Indonesian Spotify Users

The music streaming service provider app, Spotify, accommodates users to customize their music consumption to suit their needs. Not only for listening to music, but Spotify also allows users to show off their musical tastes through other social media channels. The process of music consumption in Spotify becomes a tool of identity construction as well as distinguishing individuals by their social circle, and makes individuals feel that they are part of a particular group. This study examined the process of constructing user’s identity through music consumption on Spotify, where there is a process of extended self into the social media sphere. This research was conducted with virtual ethnographic method towards Indonesian Spotify users. The results indicated that informants used music consumption in Spotify as a way to construct an extended self in the digital space, primarily through ownership of Spotify profiles and music preferences.

Predictions of Netflix Binge-watching Behaviour among University Students during Movement Control Orde

Streaming media like Netflix has become a mainstream trend for people to have fun and relax during the Covid-19 pandemic, and numerous studies found that college students and millennials account for a large group who binge-watch television programmes. Hence, understanding university students’ motive for binge-watching is timely, especially during the Covid-19 lockdown period, when there is a lack of studies on this phenomenon. Thus, this study aims to examine the motives that influence Netflix binge-watching behaviour among university students. The study utilised the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) Theory, and three motives, namely ‘entertainment’, ‘social interaction’ and ‘escape’ were deduced from the theory. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using an online survey method. A total of 150 valid responses were collected through the purposive sampling technique, and the results were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. The findings through the Pearson’s correlations indicated that ‘entertainment’ has a positive and strong relationship with Netflix binge-watching behaviour, while ‘social interaction’ and ‘escape’ motives have a positive but moderately significant relationship with the binge-watching behaviour. Regression analysis further showed that only ‘entertainment’ and ‘social interaction’ were the predictors of binge-watching behaviour; however, ‘escape’ was not a predictor. This study also contributes to the U&G Theory as well as the literature on the youth’s media consumption, particularly during the Covid-19 lockdown period, for it benefits the parents, video streaming service providers and government in understanding the motives that influence binge-watching among youths; thus, strategies can be implemented to avoid excessive binge-watching behaviour during the lockdown which leads to negative social media outcomes.

글로벌 OTT 사업자 규제에 대한스위스 국민투표와 그 시사점

Switzerland guarantees a system that allows its people to express and validate their opinion on relevant laws through the submission of a referendum when deemed necessary. In 2021, both chambers (the National Council and the Council of States) imposed an obligation for streaming platforms to invest in local Swiss cinema. With this new law, not only video streaming service providers based in Switzerland but also those abroad would have to re-invest 4% of their gross revenues generated in Switzerland in Swiss independent film creation. In addition, the law introduced a quota system requiring at least 30% of the offered catalogue to be made up of European cinema productions. In May 2022, a referendum against this draft bill was initiated by the referendum committee due to consumer opposition As a result, more than half of the amendment voted in favour of the amendment, and the revised film law will come into force in 2024. In the recommendation, the referendum committee expresses its opinion against the law and stipulates whether it originally was the logic of regulatory approval by the regulators and against regulations imposed by consumers. As a result, consumers’ benefits and welfare, which remained up to now unclear, can be verified through actual cases, and the regulatory differences for the same service provider in Switzerland and in Korea can be highlighted. We examine the implications of such platform regulations by looking at Switzerland, which regulates the obligation to reinvest in the local film industry to protect cultural diversity and content comptetitiveness, and Korea, which requires the obligation to stabilize services for network quality.

A study on amazon prime video services in Chennai evaluating consumer preferences over others

Consumers nowadays are looking for convenience. Apps have made it easier for individuals to seek for their favorite movies and music since it is all only a few clicks. They prefer to watch movies on their mobile phones rather than together as a family, and this trend is spreading. Online video streaming service providers like Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc., are able to meet these types of personal requirements. As for online streaming services, Amazon Prime is the most popular in India. In the wake of Netflix's entry into the market, Amazon Prime has grown to over 40 million customers globally. To better understand how people in Chennai feel about the Amazon Prime platform, we have conducted this survey. The research also aims to determine the elements that influence customers' choice of Amazon Prime platform and their degree of satisfaction with the services of Amazon Prime platform.

OTT platforms resilience to COVID-19 – a study of business strategies and consumer media consumption in India

PurposeCOVID-19 preventive measures disrupted the media and entertainment business ecosystem, increased over the top (OTT) consumption, brought new OTT players, thus increased competition, and shaped consumer behaviour and habits. Despite this knowledge, in-depth insights into OTT's consumer behaviour, new usage habit and strategies used by subscription-based OTT platforms to maintain resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. This paper aims to fill the two gaps in the extant OTT literature.Design/methodology/approachThis study used Eisenhardt's multiple case studies approach to derive the strategies used by the top-performing subscription-based OTT platforms in India. Moreover, a purposive semi-structured Google survey was used to explore consumers' OTT experience during the pandemic. This study analysed data using NVivo 12 (survey) and MS Excel 2010 (case studies).FindingsThis study derived seven resilient OTT strategies; competitive low pricing, enhancing customer experience, launching innovative service plans, content localisation, strategic collaboration, flexibility in technology adoption and proactive sales promotion. Consequent to adopting these strategies, consumers' usage of OTT evolved from occasional to habitual. Convenience, ease of accessibility, risk of contracting COVID-19, variety and quality of content, online reviews and affordability drive consumer preference for OTT. Also, this study revealed consumers' varied OTT experiences.Originality/valueThe contribution is two-fold; the derived strategies for maintaining resilience and the in-depth insights into habit formation and consumer behaviour during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is valuable for media and entertainment stakeholders like streaming service providers, OTT services, cable operators, etc.

The causal effect of subscription video streaming on DVD sales: Evidence from a natural experiment

Subscription-based video streaming has recently become the main revenue driver in the home entertainment industry. Whether and how it affects the sales of physical media, which was previously the industry's largest revenue source for decades, is still not well understood. We answer this question using a natural experiment that occurred on October 1, 2015, when the content owner Epix switched its streaming partner from Netflix to Hulu. This event created an exogenous shock that significantly reduced the streaming availability of Epix's content because of the difference in the market shares of the two streaming service providers at the time. This occurrence allows us to investigate the causal effect of subscription streaming on physical DVD sales. Our difference-in-differences analysis shows that the decline in the streaming availability of Epix's content caused an increase of 36.07% in its monthly DVD sales during the 15 months after the event. We also find that the cannibalization between these two channels is much stronger for movies with higher level of content stickiness (e.g., more recent titles, and titles with a general audience (G) or parental guidance (PG) rating or belonging to the children/family genre). Our findings provide important implications for content owners on how to balance physical sales with revenues from streaming licenses.

ANALISIS PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PADA APLIKASI VIDIO.COM

Streaming is currently being favored by millennials. Streaming is a multimedia service that is able to offer a service that is quite adequate for users to enjoy multimedia services in real-time and maintain a stable level of stability. Streaming can be applied to wireless networks or LAN networks. With the streaming on a LAN network, the costs required to provide streaming services are even lower. The protocol used for this media server is Real Time Protocol (RTP). One of the uses of streaming technology that is widely used in daily activities is Streaming Video. One of the most popular streaming media in Indonesia today is Netflix, Disney and Vidio.com. From the research we made, we concluded that watching streaming online is something that is being popular with many people. Therefore, we chose the object, namely Vidio.com, present as one of the platforms that provide film and series shows at this time that we can watch streaming throughout Indonesia. The purpose of this report is to find out the analysis and design of the subscription system in Vidio.com. begins by looking for information on the method that will be used in our object, namely Data Structured Oriented Methodologies because this methodology emphasizes the structure of the input and output systems. After that we made a DFD or Data Flow Diagram of our object, namely Vidio.com, there are several descriptions of the process from Vidio.com's Data Flow Diagram from level 0 regarding Login to level 1.3 Watching. After creating a DFD we created a BPMN or what can be called a Business Process Modeling Notation, by making this BPMN the aim is to provide a notation that is easy to use and understandable by everyone involved in the business. after that we explain in detail about the business process of the Vidio.com object.

Two Decades and More: Evolution of Netflix’s Business Models and Outlook of Future

This paper aims to study the growth of Netflix as one of the most successful multinational corporations in the entertainment industry. SWOT analysis is used as the theoretic frame to analyze the different combinations of strategies that Netflix has taken under various circumstances. Based on the focus shift, this paper divides Netflix’s history into three periods: freshly established as a movie rental business, domestic (United States) streaming services provider, and international streaming content creator and service provider. SWOT analysis is then used to examine the strength and weaknesses of Netflix and the opportunities and threats it faces in different periods, providing an overview of its circumstances. Comparing the different combinations of strategies that Netflix has taken at different growing stages, this paper has found out that Netflix has always emphasized its strength such that its strategies are mostly strength-radiated. Even though its strength is constantly changing from time to time due to the intense competition present in the markets, the strength-based approach has allowed it to explore opportunities or overcome threats. During the global expansion period, Netflix has also raised its attention on improving its weakness, potentially due to the stronger competitors in the international streaming market. Nowadays, Netflix has become the leading company in the global streaming industry, evident by its continuously greatest market share in recent years. However, as the whole ecosystem grows, Netflix must make sure it can grab the potential opportunities of faster broadband speed and upgraded accessories, especially in this era, where the boundary of different types of entertainment remains unclear, giving rise to even more powerful potential competitors, such as Tiktok, for people’s limited leisure time.

Analysis of rising trend of online streaming services during pandemic situation of COVID-19

The implementation of nationwide lockdown during this pandemic situation has resulted into huge impact on the living style of everyone and affected various industries and companies during this lockdown resulting into a boom for those who were already present in the market with their stronghold in the online market. Some of these were the digital payment method, streaming service providers, online study platform, etc. Some of these services even reported a boom in their profit and market shares. The goal of this study was to identify the major streaming service providers in India and assess whether they made a profit during the lockdown and increase in the number of subscriber, increase in the streaming time and increase in the customer satisfaction. The result of the study shows that there was increase in the number of subscribers not only in subscriber but also increase in the streaming time too.

Determinants of Millennial behaviour towards current and future use of video streaming services

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the evolution of factors that influence the current and future use of video streaming applications by Millennial consumers.Design/methodology/approachCombining technology acceptance, perceived values and user identity theory this study used factor analysis and multiple regression to examine data from a survey of 292 university undergraduates.FindingsMillennial’s current and future use of video streaming services remains driven more by social and emotional values and their effect on identity salience with their choice of content. Ease of use, convenience and monetary value remains less of an influence currently but may become more important in the future with the continued maturity of the industry.Practical implicationsThe results of this study suggest that video streaming service providers should be developing business models that recognize the increasing importance of emotional appeal and self-identity of their service offerings as the industry matures and competition increases.Originality/valueThe research is novel in addressing future video streaming service provision by examining changes in young consumer behaviour over time within a similar sample population and considering the growth and technological advancement of video streaming services. The results are significant in addressing the gap that exists in understanding whether perceived values for technology adoption of the same product or service by millennials change over time and the implications that have for product and service providers.

The Future of Music Copyright Collectives in the Digital Streaming Age

The Future of Music Copyright Collectives in the Digital Streaming Age

Law Enforcement In The Field Of Music In The Spotify Application Program

Music and songs are one of the areas of Intellectual Property Rights which are protected in Article 58 letter (d) of UU Number 28 of 2014 about Copyright, namely Copyright Protection for Song or music creations with or without text. In this digital era, there are many ways for us to get the music we want through various platforms on the internet such as Youtube, Joox, Spotify, and others. Because the means to get music are getting easier now, there are more and more copyright violations against music, ranging from piracy to plagiarism. This study aims to discuss how the Copyright law regulates copyright protection in the field of music on the internet and also how the Spotify music service platform protects copyright. The research method used is a normative research method; the data analyzed is secondary legal data consisting of primary legal materials, namely Copyright Law and Secondary Law materials, namely literature related to research problems. Based on the results of the study, it is known that Spotify as one of the world's famous song streaming applications has the exclusive right as a copyright licensee to exercise exclusive rights as regulated in Article 9 of the Copyright Law. Spotify as a streaming service provider must of course have a license for the music or songs provided in the application through a license agreement with the licensor.

“Evacuate the dancefloor”: Exploring and classifying spotify music listening before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in DACH countries

Many people used musical media via music streaming service providers to cope with the limitations of the COVID-19 pandemic. Accounting for such behavior from the perspective of uses-and-gratifications theory and situated cognition yields reliable explanations regarding people’s active and goal-oriented use of musical media. We accessed Spotify’s daily top 200 charts and their audio features from the DACH countries for the period during the first lockdown in 2020 and a comparable non-pandemic period situation in 2019 to support those theoretical explanations quantitatively with open data. After exploratory data analyses, applying a k-means clustering algorithm across the DACH countries allowed us to reduce the dimensionality of selected audio features. Following these clustering results, we discuss how these clusters are explainable using the arousal-valence-circumplex model and possibly be understood as (gratification) potentials that listeners can interact with to modulate their moods and thus emotionally cope with the stress of the pandemic. Then, we modeled a cross-validated binary SVM classifier to classify the two periods based on the extracted clusters and the remaining manifest variables (e.g., chart position) as input variables. The final test scenario of the classification task yielded high overall accuracy in classifying the periods as distinguishable classes. We conclude that these demonstrated approaches are generally suitable to classify the two periods based on the extracted mood clusters and the other input variables, and furthermore to interpret, by considering the model-related caveats, everyday music listening via those proxy variables as an emotion-focused coping strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in DACH countries.

The competence to regulate streaming in Brazil: an analysis of the roles of the Ministry of Science, Innovation, Technology and Communication, Anatel and Ancine

Technological development has extremely useful facets for everyday life, since disruptive innovations are increasingly present in society. In this current scenario, the State's intervention in the economy is increasingly difficult. The objective of this research is to investigate the regulatory role of the Executive Power and regulatory agencies regarding streaming technologies. To do so, initially, the paper investigates the definition of streaming services, analyzing their legal adequancy according to Brazilian legislation. Subsequently, the regulatory competence of the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, the National Telecommunications Agency and the National Cinema Agency in relation to new technologies for dispersion of audiovisual content is analyzed. In the end, it is concluded that it is the responsibility of MCTIC to be the granting power of broadcasting services, not interfering in streaming services. Anatel is responsible for regulating the conditions and the relationship between streaming and telecommunications service providers, in this case, the internet, as well as assuring them the right to use the internet infrastructure. Ancine is responsible for acting with the objective of promoting, regulating and supervising the cinematographic and videophonographic industry in the various market segments. The research methodology used is the hypothetical-deductive and research technique is indirect documentation.

Factors affecting consumers’ willingness to subscribe to over-the-top (OTT) video streaming services in India

PurposeThe introduction of Over-the-Top (OTT) video streaming services through national and international providers like Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc. has changed consumer behaviour towards entertainment subscription. The study aims to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing to OTT services. The main objective is to test the factors affecting consumers' OTT subscription decisions. Design/methodology/approachOne hundred and sixty-eight responses were collected through snowball sampling technique and three hundred responses through Mturk. Consumers are categorized into three groups having only cable/DTH services, only OTT, and having both cable & OTT. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive approach. FindingsFourteen reasons for subscribing and eleven reasons for not subscribing were identified and reported. Five factors, i.e., content, convenience, features, price & quality were extracted using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The effect of these five factors along with demographics of age, education, occupation is tested on subscription decisions using a logistic regression analysis. All the five factors affected consumer's decisions along with price inversely. Household structure was the major influencer along with age, occupation, and education. Originality/valueThe study not only comprehensively attempted to identify the reasons for subscribing and not subscribing OTT services, but also identified five major factors and their effect on consumers’ online subscription preferences. The context of the study is the Indian OTT service market which is highly heterogenous and therefore, this descriptive research provides useful insights to the OTT streaming service providers operating in this competitive space.

Consumption of OTT Media Streaming in COVID-19 Lockdown: Insights from PLS Analysis

In light of the current ecosystem of technological advancements in telecommunication and enhanced capability of devices, the present work brings to the fore the changes in consumers’ media consumption. The shift from conventional media to over-the-top (OTT) media, particularly in the lockdown period due to the COVID-19, has resulted in a war between streaming service providers to attract and retain customers. In the light of this change, the present study conducts partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis to examine the impact of two key antecedents, namely, customer engagement (CE) and quality of service experience (QoSE) for their impact on users’ willingness to continue and subscribe (WCS) streaming services in future. The paper also delves into the indirect role of satisfaction and habit in affecting the aforesaid linkages. With the world facing the impact of the pandemic, the implications emerging from the study present an opportunity to the providers of OTT platforms to capitalize on the perceived change to the best of their advantage.

No-reference quality assessment of HEVC video streams based on visual memory modelling

Providing adequate Quality of Experience (QoE) to end-users is crucial for streaming service providers. In this paper, in order to realize automatic quality assessment, a No-Reference (NR) bitstream Human-Vision-System-(HVS)-based video quality assessment (VQA) model is proposed. Inspired by discoveries from the neuroscience community, which suggest there is a considerable overlap between active areas of the brain when engaging in video quality assessment and saliency detection tasks, saliency maps are used in the proposed method to improve the quality assessment accuracy. To this end, saliency maps are first generated from features extracted from the HEVC bitstream. Then, saliency map statistics are employed to create a model of visual memory. Finally, a support vector regression pipeline learns an estimate of the video quality from the visual memory, saliency, and frame features. Evaluations on SJTU dataset indicate that the proposed bitstream based no-reference video quality assessment algorithm achieves a competitive performance.