Provide Training Programs Research Articles

Improving Service Delivery: A Namibian Local Authority Case Study

Local government assumes a fundamental role in the life of every citizen by providing services classified as physiological needs. Deficiencies in the delivery of such services to the citizens is viewed as a contravention of their fundamental human rights. The consequences of such deficiencies trigger frustration and unrest in the citizens, exhibited in political instability, damage to state property, and at its pinnacle the loss of lives. This research study investigated the concerning levels of organizational performance at the Arandis Town Council in the Erongo region of Namibia. The investigation was motivated by a need to determine the factors that affect service delivery, with the objectives to provide recommendations to improve service delivery and organizational performance. We employed a quantitative research method to collect the primary data for the study. An illustrative logical research configuration was selected, and data were gathered with the primary purpose to obtain a quantitative understanding on the topic. The data were processed utilizing SPSS version 25 statistical software to present the data in graphical format. In a bid to reduce inefficiencies in service delivery, certain recommendations are made to the town council for consideration. These include implementing a risk register, compiling a maintenance plan, applying for maintenance grants, providing training programs to its employees, commercializing the servicing of land and the development of affordable housing, developing additional revenue streams, and prioritizing the creation of employment.

Adaptation and translation of a scalable measure for assessing health worker competence to deliver a brief psychological intervention: A case study from central India of its comparison to a performance-based measure.

Efforts to reduce the global burden of common mental disorders have focused on scaling up evidence-based training programs for non-specialist providers to deliver brief psychological interventions. To evaluate these provider training programs, appropriate and scalable assessments of competency need to be developed alongside them. We followed a systematic approach for the cultural adaptation and translation into Hindi of a valid, English, multiple-choice applied knowledge measure to assess non-specialists' competence to deliver a brief psychological intervention for depression in rural India. We then explored the relationship between the performance of 30 non-specialist providers on the same written measure compared with a structured performance-based measure consisting of two role-plays. The results of the multiple-choice assessment had an overall mean score of 37.40 (SD = 11.31) compared to the mean scores of role-play A (the easier role-play) of 43.25 (SD = 14.50) and role-play B (the more difficult role-play) of 43.25 (SD = 13.00). Role-play performance-based measures and written applied knowledge measures represent different approaches with unique strengths and challenges to measuring competence. Scaling up training programs requires the development of scalable methods for competency assessment. Exploring the relationship between these two measures, our team found no apparent differences between the two modes of assessment. Continued comparison of these approaches is needed to determine the consistency of outcomes across the two formats and to link the scores on these measures with clinical performance as reflected by the quality of care and patient outcomes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04157816; 8th November 2019.

AMBAR: A midwifery-led training program to improve obstetric and neonatal practices among low-risk births in Mexico.

Birth care in Mexican health institutions is highly medicalized and of poor quality because of the prevalence of outdated and dangerous practices. AMBAR-a training program for health care providers on the use of evidence-based midwifery practices-was implemented during 2016-2018 and evaluated to assess the impact of training on key practices. For this mixed-methods study, we evaluated the effects of a training program implemented in three public hospital networks in Mexico. Qualitative data were collected and integrated into the program before evaluating the effects of the intervention on 10 birth practices, 5 beneficial and 5 potentially harmful. Quantitative data on birth practices and covariates were collected at six time points (baseline and 5 follow-ups) in a final sample of 330 direct observations. Effect estimates were obtained by longitudinal logistic and Poisson regression models, adjusted for confounding variables. AMBAR had a significant effect on 4 of the 10 birth practices that were evaluated. Beneficial practices, such as skin-to-skin contact (P= 0.003) and delayed cord clamping (P= 0.039), increased significantly. Harmful when overused birth practices, such as vaginal examinations (P= 0.001), and cesarean birth (P< 0.001) decreased significantly. Midwifery-based training programs for health care providers can have an impact on the quality of care of birthing people and newborns, increasing the use of evidence-based practices and decreasing frequently overused practices.

The Intersectional Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Sex on Access to Technology Among Older Adults.

Research on technological access and usage has revealed a digital divide based on several sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, sex, income, and education. While several studies have examined these factors separately, few studies have considered how multiple vulnerable identities may combine to influence access to technology. Using the theory of intersectionality, this study assesses the combined impact of race/ethnicity and sex on access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer among U.S. older adults. Data were derived from the 2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Chi-square tests were used to test group differences, and four multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the intersection of race/ethnicity and sex, and access to a working cellphone and a working laptop/computer. After accounting for other explanatory variables, White female participants, Black male participants, Black female participants, Hispanic male participants, and Hispanic female participants were all less likely to have a working cellphone or a working laptop/computer compared to White male participants. The results of this study point to a significant disparity in access to technology based on intersectional identities, with Black and Hispanic female participants having the least access to technology. Interventions aiming to improve access to technology should target these two groups, with a focus on reducing the cost of purchasing technological equipment and the provision of training programs that improve technological skills.

Uterine Rupture and its Fetomaternal Outcome: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study

Objective: To analyse the frequency, predisposing factors, site of rupture management and fetomaternal outcome in uterine rupture. Study design: prospective observational study Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology in Lalla Ded hospital, from august 2020 to august 2022. All cases of ruptured uterus, who were either admitted with this complication or who developed it in the hospital, were included in the study. Patients having ruptured uterus due to congenital abnormality were excluded from the study. Patient’s parity, age, details of predisposing factors, type of rupture, the management, maternal and fetal outcome were taken into consideration for analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.(SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Continuous variables were expressed as Mean ± SD and categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Graphically the data was presented by bar and pie diagrams. Results: The total number of deliveries during the course of 2 years from august 2020 to august 2022 were 44236. There were 15 cases (0.034%) of uterine rupture. Out of these only three (20%) were booked. Most of the patients (53.3%) presented between the ages 30-35. Majority of uterine rupture occurred in para 3 (46.7%) followed by para 2 (33.3%). Common cause of uterine rupture was prolonged neglected obstructed labour (60%). Rupture of Previous caesarean section scar was found in 40%. Anterior uterine wall was involved in 46.7% of cases. Posterior wall rupture in 33.3% and posterior along with lateral wall in 20%. Hysterectomy was performed in 40%. There were two maternal (13.3%) and 8 intrauterine deaths (53.3%). Live birth rate was 46.6%. Conclusion: This study showed that prolonged neglected obstructed labour is the main cause of uterine rupture followed by scarred uterus in our setting. Proper antenatal care and timely intervention with prompt referral to higher center and updated training programs for health care providers is the need of time to prevent this catastrophic but avoidable complication. Keywords: uterine rupture, scarred uterus, obstructed labour (cephalopelvic disproportion)

Improving the functioning of the care network of a home-dwelling older adult: a training programme for formal care providers

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 2.913 (2021 JCR, received in June 2022)The IJIC 20th Anniversary Issue was published in 2021.

Do in-service training materials for midwifery care providers in sub-Saharan Africa meet international competency standards? A scoping review 2000–2020

BackgroundLevels of maternal and neonatal mortality remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 66% of global maternal deaths occurring in this region. Many deaths are linked to poor quality of care, which in turn has been linked to gaps in pre-service training programmes for midwifery care providers. In-service training packages have been developed and implemented across sub-Saharan Africa in an attempt to overcome the shortfalls in pre-service training. This scoping review has aimed to summarize in-service training materials used in sub-Saharan Africa for midwifery care providers between 2000 and 2020 and mapped their content to the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) Essential Competencies for Midwifery Practice.MethodsSearches were conducted for the years 2000–2020 in Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed/MEDLINE, Social Science Citation Index, African Index Medicus and Google Scholar. A manual search of reference lists from identified studies and a search of grey literature from international organizations was also performed. Identified in-service training materials that were accessible freely on-line were mapped to the ICM Essential Competencies for midwifery practice.ResultsThe database searches identified 1884 articles after removing duplicates. After applying exclusion criteria, 87 articles were identified for data extraction. During data extraction, a further 66 articles were excluded, leaving 21 articles to be included in the review. From these 21 articles, six different training materials were identified. The grey literature yielded 35 training materials, bringing the total number of in-service training materials that were reviewed to 41. Identified in-service training materials mainly focused on emergency obstetric care in a limited number of sub-Saharan Africa countries. Results also indicate that a significant number of in-service training materials are not readily and/or freely accessible. However, the content of in-service training materials largely met the ICM Essential Competencies, with gaps noted in the aspect of woman-centred care and shared decision making.ConclusionTo reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality midwifery care providers should have access to evidence-based in-service training materials that include antenatal care and routine intrapartum care, and places women at the centre of their care as shared decision makers.

Beating the Employment Challenges: How Unemployed Youths Generate Income for their Households

Youth unemployment remains a global threat to the achievement of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. It impedes the fight to end poverty in all its forms, limits opportunities to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, and undermines a country’s ability to reduce inequalities. In Sub-Saharan African nations, the unemployment rate is particularly high because the environment is prone to volatility caused by poor governance, chronic conflicts, and corruption. Unemployed graduates who lack effective strategies risk failing to generate income for themselves and their families. Thus, my purpose in this qualitative multiple case study, which was grounded in achievement motivation theory, was to explore the strategies unemployed youths use to generate income for their households. Four unemployed South Sudanese graduates were interviewed and directly observed, and the gathered data were thematically analyzed. Three themes emerged: exploitation of available opportunities including taking on casual work, working for others to get starting capital, and engaging in trade and microbusiness. A key recommendation was developed: i.e., provide training programs to help unemployed graduates change their mindsets, which value white-collar jobs over casual work, trade, and microbusiness; they can then embark on the identification and exploitation of available opportunities that can create anything of economic value. The implications for positive social change include evidence that unemployed graduates are adopting appropriate strategies to improve their household income. The findings also have the potential to help youth empowerment institutions address the gaps in strategies for directing youths to generate income.

Analysis of the Role of the Indonesian Christian Student Movement (GMKI) Medan Branch in Improving Cadre Information Literacy through the Literacy Movement

This study aims to analyze the role of the Medan branch of the Indonesian Christian Student Movement in increasing the information literacy of cadres through the literacy movement. Analyzing what factors are the drivers and barriers to the role of GMKI in increasing the information literacy of GMKI cadres through the literacy movement. The method of this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations and document studies. Based on the research, it was found that GMKI Medan Branch performs its role as a forum for learning, developing creativity to the application of knowledge through the provision of training programs through book review programs, book reviews, journalistic training, discussing topics that are developing in the community, and leadership training and others. The driving factor for GMKI's role in increasing cadre information literacy is the lack of literacy and communication culture that produces commitment. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor for GMKI's role in increasing information literacy is the absence of a special program on the literacy movement. The conclusion shows that GMKI performs its role in increasing the information literacy of cadres even though it is in the basic stages. But this has answered one of the tasks of youth as agents of change.

Pediatric Basic Life Support among Nursing Students in Jordan: Stimulation-Based Education

Background: In the context of seeking to reduce the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Jordan, there is a need to use simulation to teach and train nursing students in pediatric basic life support (PBLS) skills. This study aims to measure the preservation of PBLS knowledge and determine whether active observation of an immersive simulation using a simple checklist would improve PBLS skills. Methods: A single group pretest-posttest approach design was applied in the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) pediatric simulation lab for 108 nursing students. Results: The result of the paired samples t-test showed that there was a statistically significant increase in PBLS knowledge between pretest and post-test. The result of the paired samples t-test in the group showed that there was a statistically significant enhancement in PBLS skills between pretest and post-test. PBLS skills at pretest were poor (M = 4.31, SD = 1.12). It was reported that place of residence is a significant predictor of knowledge in PBLS (p &lt;.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a simulation-based PBLS course positively impacted knowledge and skills in pediatric BLS. The findings also suggest that policymakers should establish continued professional development BLS training programs for healthcare providers, especially nurses, which can be provided at low cost in most of the settings around the country.

Exploring lessons from five years of biochar-producing cookstoves in the Kagera region, Tanzania

Biochar-producing cookstoves can supply fuel-efficient heat for cooking in developing countries. The produced biochar can be used as a soil amendment, providing a range of environmental and agronomic benefits and serve to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Despite these advantages, many stove initiatives have not been sustained in the long term, but very little attention has been devoted to understanding the reasons behind this. The present study contributes to filling this knowledge gap, by identifying key factors affecting the level of stove adoption and use, as well as biochar utilization. Based on a follow-up survey of 50 households in northwestern Tanzania that received microgasifier stoves in 2015, only 12 still made use of their stove 5 years later. One of the main reasons for this relates to the inadequate quality of stove material. Declining or inconsistent availability of feedstocks was also identified as a major challenge. Furthermore, the households generally did not embrace the idea of amending soils with biochar, due to a combination of local practices and perceptions, and a lack of education and awareness programs. We conclude that, under the conditions of the studied project, three factors are required to scale dissemination: improvement of the stove design, provision of training programs on biochar management and subsidies or microloans that would make more durable stoves affordable. Sustained stove deployment can only be achievable by institutionalizing financing structures that are independent from short-term grant-based initiatives.

The Relationship Between Reflectivity and Self-Regulated Learning in MA Medical Education Students of Shiraz University in 2018 and 2019.

Reflectivity is one of the fundamental methods of education. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between reflectivity and self-regulated learning in MA medical education students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018 and 2019. In this descriptive study, 34 full time and virtual MA students of medical education participated, using census method. Data were collected through the Pintrich and DeGroot self-regulated learning and the Kember et al.'s reflectivity questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, through SPSS. The results showed that self-regulatory learning strategies in subjects with good reflectivity were significantly higher than those with poor reflectivity; also, the scores of cognitive strategies and motivational beliefs were significantly higher in the participants with good reflectivity. There was no significant relationship between reflectivity and subscales of self-regulated learning strategies and also between reflectivity and self-regulated learning strategies in the full time and virtual courses. It was found that there was a positive and meaningful relationship between reflectivity and self-regulated learning. Therefore, it is recommended that the managers and professors in medical universities should provide training programs in this field in order for the students to benefit from the advantages of reflectivity and self-regulated learning.

‘A basic understanding’; evaluation of a blended training programme for healthcare providers in hospital-based palliative care to improve communication with patients with limited health literacy

BackgroundThe non-curative setting makes communication and shared decision-making in palliative care extremely demanding. This is even more so for patients with limited health literacy. So far, research in palliative care focusing on shared decision-making with patients with limited health literacy is lacking. Recent research from our team indicates that the assessment of these patients’ understanding of their situation and the implementation of shared decision-making in palliative care, needs improvement.MethodsTo improve communication and decision-making, especially with patients with limited health literacy, we developed and evaluated a blended training programme for healthcare providers. The training programme comprised of an e-learning and a team training. The evaluation was performed by 1. conducting interviews (n = 15) focused on evaluating the whole programme and, 2. coding video-recorded outpatient consultations on the extent to which providers involved patients in decision-making before (n = 19) and after (n = 20) the intervention, using the 5-item OPTION coding instrument.ResultsThe interviews showed that healthcare providers valued the skills they had learned during the e-learning and team training. Providers specifically valued the teach-back technique, learned to use simpler wording and felt better able to recognize patients with limited health literacy. Many providers reported a change in communication behaviour as a consequence of the training programme. Suggestions for improvement for both e-learning and training were, amongst others, a follow-up team training course and a new scenarios for the e-learning about discussing palliative care. For both the pre- and the post-measurement, involving patients in decision-making lies between a minimal and a moderate effort; differences were not significant.ConclusionsThe e-learning and team training were valued positively by the healthcare providers. Adaptations to the e-learning have been made after evaluation. The e-learning has been implemented in several hospitals and medical education. To improve shared decision-making in practice a more sustained effort is needed.

The Role of Social Media Networking Sites in Supporting the Capabilities of Saudi University Students

The study aims to clarify the role of social networking sites in supporting the capabilities of Saudi university students through increasing cultural awareness and social interaction among them, determining the justifications for Saudi university students to use social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram), and determining the degree of impact of social networks on interaction. The questionnaire method was used to collect data, and the sample size was determined by equitable distribution to a sample of 450 individuals, with 418 valid models obtained for analysis. The study reached several results. There is a positive and strong impact of social networking sites on increasing the capabilities of students in the universities under study by increasing cultural awareness and social interaction. Social media allows community issues to be raised for discussions such as educational, health, and other issues, and their effects on individuals, groups, and societies vary between negative and positive. The study recommended the necessity of continuous improvement of networks, computers, and software to improve working conditions in the universities under study. The study recommended raising the efficiency of the university’s infrastructure by modernizing laboratories, servers, websites, and educational platforms while providing training programs using social media as a means of receiving information in addition to raising the speed and capacity of the Internet.

Pediatric Surgery and Anesthesia in Low-Middle Income Countries: Current Situation and Ethical Challenges.

Low-middle income countries (LMICs) are currently experiencing an important population growth, leading to a substantial raise in the number of children living in those areas. As a consequence, the existing gap between the need for surgical and anesthetic care and the available therapeutic options will increase. To overcome this, an improvement in the available expertise, infrastructures, and supplies will be mandatory. The implementation of educational and training programs for local healthcare providers should be a top priority. Alongside, the population's awareness on the necessity to seek for medical care should be deployed, together with an eased access to health facilities. Based on the existing literature and our 20-years' experience in humanitarian missions, our article aims to investigate the status of pediatric surgery in LMICs, and the role of western aids in the implementation of this ever-increasing field of expertise.

Competency-Based Medical Training in Anesthesiology: Has It Delivered on the Promise of Better Education?

Competency-Based Medical Training in Anesthesiology: Has It Delivered on the Promise of Better Education?

Analisis kebugaran jasmani siswa: Studi komparatif antara ekstrakurikuler bolabasket dan futsal

Physical fitness is one of the most important aspects to improve sports performance. However, currently extracurricular at school is that there is no clear planning, goals and objectives for conducting physical fitness tests. This study aims to compare the level of extracurricular physical fitness of basketball and futsal. This research method uses a quantitative approach through a survey where the researcher gives tests and measurements to basketball and futsal extracurricular students. The sampling technique used purposive sampling so that a sample of 40 students consisted of 20 extracurricular basketball students and 20 futsal students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Pontianak. The research instrument is the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) aged 13-15 years. The research was conducted on 19-25 February 2021. Data analysis used descriptive percentage, assisted by using Microsoft Excel software application. The results of the physical fitness test showed an average difference of 2.5, so there was a significant difference between basketball extracurricular students and futsal extracurricular students. This needs to be considered and taken into account by coaches and sports teachers in providing training programs to students. Based on the results of this study, it can be interpreted that basketball extracurricular has a good contribution compared to futsal extracurricular for students' physical fitness.

Survey on Development Pattern of Women's Futsal Club in Kebumen Regency

Futsal which is played by women is currently a sport that is quite popular in Indonesia and is in great demand by the public. This study aims to determine the development problems of the women's futsal club in Kebumen Regency and provide training programs that are in accordance with the training program as the basis for futsal coaching. This research is quantitative and descriptive. The data collection technique used in this research is a survey method with research questionnaires in the form of questions related to one topic or one related topic, which must be answered by the subject. The results of the study revealed that if the development of the women's futsal club in Kebumen Regency was a good category, the facilities and infrastructure of the women's futsal club in Kebumen Regency were in a good category, and the organization of the women's futsal club in Kebumen Regency was well organized, most of the coaches of the women's futsal club in Kebumen already had certified coach and in terms of funding the futsal club in Kebumen is a good category. Keywords: Facilities, Futsal, Infrastructure, Kebumen, Women

A Review on Adverse Drug Reaction in Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacovigilance is a practice aimed to monitor drug safety in real life conditions and capture adverse drug events during the post marketing phase of drug's life cycle. But under reporting of adverse reactions is a major cause of concern and a threat to the pharmacovigilance systems. The present article looks into the major obstacles affecting the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in India and the possible solutions. As per available scientific literature, the major impediments to ADR reporting are inadequate knowledge and awareness among health professionals, clinicians' perceptions towards reporting, problems with establishing reporting systems in hospitals and insufficient training to recognize ADRs. Measures to improve the situation include greater involvement of nurses, pharmacists as well as consumers in the reporting of ADRs, making the process simpler and faster through electronic means, introducing educational interventions and training programs for health care providers and spreading awareness about the reporting system amongst caregivers and receivers alike. Providing a momentum to the pharmacovigilance system and ensuring a robust reporting process is a challenge but proper planning, feasible solutions and focussed efforts can help bring about the change ensuring patient safety - the ultimate goal of pharmacovigilance.

Early Interventionists’ Knowledge of Evidence-Based Practices for Autism

This online survey study examined early intervention providers’ knowledge and training needs surrounding evidence-based practices for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers analyzed data from 87 early intervention providers (speech-language pathologists and developmental specialists) in a rural Southwestern U.S. state. The survey included both quantitative (i.e., rating and multiple-choice questions) and qualitative (open-ended) components. Survey sections included demographics, self-ratings of knowledge of evidence-based practices/self-reported training needs and barriers to working with children with ASD, and directly assessed knowledge of evidence-based practices. Findings support specific knowledge gaps and training needs (e.g., practices for addressing challenging behaviors, strategies for working with children with limited communication skills) and suggest developmental specialists who provided special instruction services may have greater training needs than speech-language pathologists. Findings have important implications for professional development and training programs for early intervention providers.