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Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan Pemanfaatan Sumber Energi Terbarukan pada Tambak Udang

Shrimp is very promising commodity of the Indonesian export commodities. One of shrimp cultivation fields is pond which is a place of aquaculture located near the beach. Application of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic cell technology has been prepared to provide energy supply integratedly in the shrimp ponds in Pinrang District of South Sulawesi. Energy needed in the shrimp ponds is to provide energy supply for some supporting equipments such as aerator water mill, lighting, water pump, and others. Community empowerment activity was carried out in order to empower communities in Pinrang District of South Sulawesi in application of renewable energy resources in their shrimp ponds. This activity was arranged in self supporting energy concept in the shrimp pond and supported by a program of <em>Kuliah Kerja Nyata–Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat</em> (KKN-PPM) DIKTI. Equipment manufacture of photovoltaic cell prototype as energy sources of aerator waterwheel and lighting in the shrimp pond has been completed. Some community groups of shrimp farmers have been trained in the manufacture and operation of the photovoltaic cell equipment.

Identification of proteins in susceptible and resistant Brassica oleracea responsive to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection

Cruciferous plants are important edible vegetables widely consumed around the world, including cabbage, cauli-flower and broccoli. The main disease that affects crucifer plants is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). In order to better understand this specific plant–pathogen interaction, proteins responsive to Xcc infection in resistant (União) and susceptible (Kenzan) Brassica oleracea cultivars were investigated by 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 47 variable spots were identified and revealed that in the susceptible interaction there is a clear reduction in the abundance of proteins involved in energetic metabolism and defense. It was interesting to observe that in the resistant interaction, these proteins showed an opposite behavior. Based on our results, we conclude that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense. As a follow-up study, qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes was performed and revealed that most genes showed an up-regulation trend from 5 to 15days after inoculation (DAI), showing highest transcript levels at 15DAI. These results revealed the gradual accumulation of transcripts providing a more detailed view of the changes occurring during different stages of the plant–pathogen interaction. Biological significanceIn this study we have compared cultivars of Brassica oleracea (cabbage), susceptible and resistant to black rot, by using the classical 2-DE approach. We have found that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense.

Economic and environmental bi-objective design of an off-grid photovoltaic–battery–diesel generator hybrid energy system

Generally, off-grid fossil fuel generators provide energy supply to remote regions. The integration of photovoltaic (PV) plants to battery energy storage (BES) systems potentially increases reliability, the system autonomy and lifetime, reducing the generator working hours and the system environmental impact. PV–BES–Diesel generator hybrid energy systems (HESs) offer technical, economic and environmental benefits compared to traditional off-grid systems. This paper proposes a bi-objective design model for off-grid PV–BES–Diesel generator HESs. The aim is to identify the PV plant rated power, the BES system capacity and the technical configuration able to jointly reduce the levelised cost of the electricity (LCOE) and the carbon footprint of energy (CFOE). Furthermore, the comparison of the LCOE and CFOE values of the HES against a traditional diesel generator allows determining the economic and environmental advantages coming from the described system. Despite the proposed model is general and suitable for any installation site and HES configuration, this paper exemplifies its application designing a HES to be installed in a remote village in Yakutsk, Russia. The model takes into account the hourly energy demand, the irradiation and temperature profiles of the installation location calculating the hourly PV plant yield, the battery charge–discharge processes and the required generator energy. Results highlight the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of the system for a context with a medium irradiation level, i.e. ∼1400kWh/(m2year), and relatively low fuel cost, i.e. 0.7€/l. For the best economic scenario LCOE and CFOE reductions are of about 8% and 28%, respectively. Finally, the most effective trade-off between economic and environmental performances leads to a CFOE decrease of about 48% and a slight decrease of the economic performances (−2%).

Monomeric ß-amyloid interacts with type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptors to provide energy supply to neurons.

ß-amyloid (Aß1−42) is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane type-1 protein, amyloid precursor protein. Under pathological conditions, Aß1−42self-aggregates into oligomers, which cause synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss, and are considered the culprit of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, Aß1−42 is mainly monomeric at physiological concentrations, and the precise role of monomeric Aß1−42 in neuronal function is largely unknown. We report that the monomer of Aß1−42 activates type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptors and enhances glucose uptake in neurons and peripheral cells by promoting the translocation of the Glut3 glucose transporter from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. In neurons, activity-dependent glucose uptake was blunted after blocking endogenous Aß production, and re-established in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid Aß. APP-null neurons failed to enhance depolarization-stimulated glucose uptake unless exogenous monomeric Aß1−42 was added. These data suggest that Aß1−42 monomers were critical for maintaining neuronal glucose homeostasis. Accordingly, exogenous Aß1−42 monomers were able to rescue the low levels of glucose consumption observed in brain slices from AD mutant mice.

Nuclear Warehouse: Emphasize on Energy Efficiency Strategy in Global Supply Chain

The aim of this study is to provide energy supply chain in Indonesia. Therefore, the best scenario has been created to fulfill energy scarcity by global supply chain partnership. All impact social-economy will be advantages. The input output analysis has been applied in this paper. The impact of output and impact of job creation are possible to describe, significantly. All barriers and opportunities that can be achieve from the lowest price, efficiency and also to reduce unemployment rate during a decade of building nuclear power plants. This research work can be applicable model for future nuclear power plants construction or other type of energy source construction that give significant impact to the economy and business sustainability. Therefore, by this project plan will cover energy needs for domestics and improve the local corporate productivity, especially for nuclear power plants equipment.

Nuclear Warehouse: Emphasize on Energy Efficiency Strategy in Global Supply Chain

The aim of this study is to provide energy supply chain in Indonesia. Therefore, the best scenario has been created to fulfill energy scarcity by global supply chain partnership. All impact social-economy will be advantages. The input output analysis has been applied in this paper. The impact of output and impact of job creation are possible to describe, significantly. All barriers and opportunities that can be achieve from the lowest price, efficiency and also to reduce unemployment rate during a decade of building nuclear power plants. This research work can be applicable model for future nuclear power plants construction or other type of energy source construction that give significant impact to the economy and business sustainability. Therefore, by this project plan will cover energy needs for domestics and improve the local corporate productivity, especially for nuclear power plants equipment.

EPA-0580 – Examining the genomic architecture of neuronal glucose transporter 3 from an evolutionary perspective

Neuronal glucose transporter 3 (Glut3, SLC2A3 ) is essential in providing energy supply for neurons. Using mice as disease-models homozygous slc2a3 knock-out was found to be lethal in early embryonic phase while heterozygous form was associated to autism spectrum disorders. The genomic region where SLC2A3 is located (12p13.3) is investigated intensely since NANOG – a homeobox gene critical in embryogenesis – and one of its impressive number of pseudogenes are also located here. Interestingly, this region also codes the gene SLC2A14 which is selectively expressed in testis and lung but shows 95% homology with SLC2A3 . A tandem duplication event involving NANOG and SLC2A3 was proposed as a possible explanation to the current genomic architecture. Since SLC2A3 was associated to a number of mental disorders this study aimed to examine SLC2A3 and the related region in an evolutionary perspective. Ensembl BLAST search and multi-species alignment were used to provide a comparison. Our results support the notion that the region of 12p13.3 underwent a tandem duplication event which gave rise to new paralogues of NANOG and SLC2A3 . Out of these SLC2A3 and SLC2A14 both remained functional. We argue that the region can be still a genomic spot susceptible to further rearrangements.

Criticality of metals for electrochemical energy storage systems – Development towards a technology specific indicator

The technology of electrochemical energy storage (EES) is supposed to play a key role in the near future for mobility systems characterized by electric vehicles as well as for stationary applications providing energy supply as they represent the interface between transport and energy networks. The performance of EES systems is closely linked to the applied battery materials which contain metals often considered critical. For determining criticality of metals different approaches have been used which however evaluate such materials for the economy as a whole. What has been missing up till now is the examination of critical raw materials for individual technologies.Therefore it is intended to develop a technology specific criticality indicator for battery materials.The focus of this paper is developing a method to indicate the significance of raw materials for electrochemical active materials used by lithium-ion batteries (LIB) which are currently very promising EES for mobile and stationary applications. In order to implement this at first the following three aspects were analyzed and put in relation to each other: importance of electrode materials, amount of metal in the active material and exploitable metal reserves. The combination of these factors resulted in a relevance index (RI) which allows determining the relevance of raw materials in different types of LIBs. Based on this index the development of a technology specific criticality indicator has to integrate further aspects being the focus of future work.

Optimization of a hybrid diesel-wind generation plant with operational options

Hybrid diesel-wind power generation systems have a great potential in the application of providing energy supply for remote communities and facilities. Compared to the traditional diesel system, hybrid power plants can offer many advantages such as additional capacity, being more environmentally friendly, potential reduction of cost, etc. One of the problems for the hybrid system is the uncertain profit due to the uncertain nature of the wind. In this paper a general model is presented based on real option theory for valuating a hybrid diesel-wind generation plant. A dynamic programming method is used to generate the optimum operational option by maximizing the net cash flow of the plant. Results show that operational options can provide additional value to the hybrid power system when this operational flexibility is correctly utilized. The optimal scale of wind turbines generators (WTGs) can be calculated as a consequence of the limitation of demand and local wind power density. This paper also provides a framework to find the optimal operating decision at each time step based on the real option model.

Double-effect integration of multicomponent alcoholic distillation columns

The growing need to expand the use of renewable energy sources in a sustainable manner, in order to provide energy supply security and to reduce the environmental impacts associated with fossil fuels, finds in bioethanol an alternative economically feasible and with significant potential of expansion. Despite its high energetic demand, distillation is one of the most widely used techniques for separating liquid mixtures. Thus, this work aimed to study distillation columns thermally integrated to produce bioethanol, considering a large amount of minor compounds so that the actual conditions can be better represented. In order to evaluate energy requirements, steady-state simulation of the distillation process was carried out using the software Aspen Plus. As a preliminary step, the simulator results for the current distillation columns configurations were compared with industrial data through analysis of samples collected from mills in operation. Although it has presented, in the case of some minor components, significant deviations, the simulator was able to reproduce satisfactorily the industrial process of alcoholic distillation. The thermally integrated configuration showed good results, with a reduction in the specific steam consumption of 54%. It was observed that minor compounds had a great influence in the steam consumption of the process.

Abstract 23: Loss of Astrocytic AMPK Leads to Exacerbation of Stroke in Mice

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as a key sensor of brain energy balance. It acutely regulates cellular metabolism and chronically regulates gene expression, reducing energy storage and increasing energy production (glycolysis et al.). AMPK is rapidly activated in stroke. However, its role may be complex and cell dependent as the two major types of brain cells are metabolically distinct. Neurons have minimal key enzymatic activity to produce ATP via glycolysis, do not oxidize fatty acids efficiently, and have no glycogen stores. Activating AMPK in neurons may be deleterious by causing metabolic failure. In contrast, astrocytes can perform glycolysis, oxidize fatty acids to form ketones, and store glycogen providing energy supply for ischemic neurons. We hypothesize that astrocytic AMPK deletion will exacerbate the outcome following stroke. Methods: We used a Cre-lox system to generate conditional astrocytic AMPKα knockout (KO) mice. Extensive behavior screening was carried out to detect potential neurological deficits of the KO mice prior to their utilization. Stroke was induced by reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (60 minutes) in male KO mice and WT control mice. Stroke outcome was determined with TTC staining at 72 hrs. Functional recovery following stroke was assessed using corner tests at sacrifice. Data are presented as mean±sem. Results: On baseline behavior tests, astrocytic AMPK KO mice displayed no difference from WT (n=4) in spontaneous locomotor activity by open field test (WT 4421±567 vs. KO 4850 ±879, p>0.05,), limb coordination by rotarod (WT 111.3±23 vs. KO 121.3±18, p>0.05), cognitive/memory formation using Novel Object Recognition test (WT 62.1±3.3 vs. KO 63.9±3.6, p>0.05), or integrated sensorimotor function on the corner test (WT 0.52±0.05 vs. KO 0.50±0.04, p>0.05). Following stroke, KO mice showed significantly larger infarcts than WT (n=7) (Cortex WT: 49.8±5.3% vs. KO 67.1±2.4%, p<0.05; Striatum: WT 65.2±4.8% vs. KO 77.8±2.7%, p<0.05; Total: WT 147.2±3.8% vs. 69.0±2.8%, p<0.05). Interestingly, we also observed evidence of increased hemorrhagic transformation in KO mice after stroke. We found a significant exacerbating effect on behavior as the KO mice had more sensorimotor dysfunction in the corner test (WT 0.65±0.04 vs. KO 0.90±0.04, p<0.05, n=7). There were no differences in physiological parameters between AMPK astrocytic KO and WT control groups. In addition, local cerebral blood flow measured by Laser Doppler Flow was equivalently reduced during ischemia and was restored equally in early reperfusion. Conclusion: Astrocytic AMPK is protective in experimental cerebral ischemia. Our study highlights the importance of examining AMPK cell-selectively in stroke and cast light on the complex metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons in stroke.

Design of Medical Wireless Sensor Network

The paper presented the Medical Wireless Sensor Network model with combining battery energy, environment energy and human body energy to provide energy supply. Also, the paper discussed sensor node planning designed by means of ZigBee technology. After combining the application of Internet, it could not only carry out remote localization, but also ensure the accuracy, sensitivity and safety of close monitoring.

Bow shock and magnetopause contributions to the cross-tail current from global MHD simulations

We performed a series of global MHD simulations to study the closure of the cross‐tail current in the magnetotail under different solar wind conditions. The cross‐tail current closes totally within the magnetopause, forming the classical θ structure when IMF is set to be zero. The situation changes for southward IMF cases: part of the cross‐tail current passes through the magnetosheath and closes across the bow shock, forming an overlapped θ structure of the cross‐tail current, when viewed from the Sun. Quantitative analysis shows that a larger strength of the southward IMF BZ results in a higher percentage of current closed through the bow shock. Nearly a constant quantity of the cross‐tail current comes from the bow shock despite variations in the solar wind speed. An increase in the ionospheric Pedersen conductance leads to an increase in the bow shock contribution but a decrease in the magnetopause contribution to the cross‐tail current; therefore, the net cross‐tail current is almost independent of the ionospheric conductance. Cross‐tail current that closes across the bow shock rather than the magnetopause can be classified as the magnetic reconnection current, providing energy supply for dissipation needed at the magnetic reconnection region in the magnetotail.

Performance limit analysis of Recooled Cycle for regenerative cooling systems

This paper presents a new cooling cycle called Recooled Cycle (RC) for systems with active cooling and demonstrates how coolant could be utilized for secondary cooling through the transfer of enthalpy from coolant to work with an indirect increase in the coolant cooling capacity (heat sink), without any property change in the coolant. The basic concept and working principle are introduced; a thermodynamic cycle analysis is performed to demonstrate the system performance gains with RC over the conventional system with regenerative cooling. Using the principle of thermodynamics, performance potential analysis of RC is performed; expression of performance limit is obtained by deduction. Numerical analysis results further reveal the potential performance of RC taking scramjet engine with RC as the example. Results show that RC is with great potential performance and scientific feasibility. It can increase coolant heat sink and correspondingly reduce the coolant flow for cooling. In addition, the power output of RC could provide energy supply for subsystems.

Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Germany

The study reported in this paper is part of an OECD project with several case studies in different countries. The purpose of the project was to look for possible ways to reduce the environmental impact of transport to a level which is compatible with sustainability. The participants in the case studies agreed upon quantifying criteria for carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, which should describe environmentally sustainable transport (EST), and each case study constructed a business-as-usual scenario and three EST scenarios, considering the period from 1990 to 2030. Each EST scenario should meet the criteria in a backcasting effort, EST1 looking for solely technical solutions, EST2 restricting and shifting transport volumes while ignoring technological progress, and EST3 combining components of both strategies. In the German case study criteria were additionally quantified for particulate matter, noise and land-take for transport purposes. The German EST1 scenario is based on hybrid electric hypercars, hydrogen for public transport, freight and aviation, and electricity from renewable sources. In the EST2 scenario total transport activity for passenger and freight transport had to be reduced by 40% and 25% respectively, compared to 1990 in order to meet the criteria. In the EST3 scenario, while highly energy efficient conventional propulsion systems and engines were used, total passenger transport decreased only slightly and freight transport even increased. Implementation measures were then defined on the basis of the EST3 scenario. Emission regulation, fuel tax, and road pricing for heavy duty vehicles were the key features in order to achieve EST in this case study. They were complemented by additional sets of measures, designed to prevent urban sprawl, diminish freight traffic growth, increase liveability of towns, improve the infrastructure and service conditions of alternative modes as well as provide energy supply by regenerative sources.