Prototype Tool Research Articles

Prototipe Jemuran Pakaian Otomatis Menggunakan Wemos D1R2 Dengan Notifikasi Suara dan Email Dari Thinger.io

Abstract— The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) predicts that the start of the rainy season in Indonesia will occur from September to November 2022 with the peak of the rainy season expected to occur in December 2022 and January 2023. The rainy season that will occur will certainly hamper the process of drying clothes and inefficient use of time because they have to lift clothes when it rains and dry them again when the rain stops. Another problem is when you are sleeping or traveling so it is not possible to remove your clothes when it is going to rain. As a result the clothes become damp or wet. The purpose of this research is to prevent damp/wet clothes again when it rains and to save time when lifting and drying clothes during the rainy season. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R&D) method. It begins with reviewing previous research so that it can determine what hardware is needed, followed by making a flowchart then assembled into a prototype tool that is integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT). The test results show that this automatic clothesline can remove the clothes from the room automatically when the rain sensor and the LDR sensor detect rain indications such as cloudy and drizzling, and vice versa will put clothes in automatically when the weather is cloudy or raining. The stepper motor is coupled with a linear actuator which functions to move the clothesline in and out. There are sound notifications and email messages from Thinger.io when the clothesline has entered or left. The prototype is equipped with an emergency system so that it can insert and remove the clothesline when the sensor is damaged.

Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on Internet of Things (IoT) With PiOBD-II Using Raspberry on Honda Jazz VTEC

The rate of transportation accidents is still a major challenge in many countries. Many factors can cause transportation accidents, especially problems with the vehicle’s internal system. Fuel Injection-based vehicles have a centralized electronic system through the ECU as control. The outstanding Engine Diagnostic Tool has several weaknesses, including high price, not plug and play, has limited system support. It is necessary to develop a Prototype Engine diagnostic tool that is easy to use, has an overall carrying capacity, and can be easily applied by middle-class vehicle repair shops. So, the researchers researched the Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool prototype using a Raspberry Pi. This study aims to (1) produce a Prototype of the Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Raspberry Pi and test the functionality of the Prototype Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool with Raspberry Pi Technology. The research method used is the Research and Development method. The research aims to produce specific products. The product produced and tested for functionality in this research is a Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Raspberry Pi. The results show that the function runs 100% on the ECT, IAT, TPS, RPM meter, Oxygen Sensor, and Vehicle Speed Sensor tests.

SISTEM ENGINE ORDER TELEGRAPH DI ENGINE ROOM DENGAN KOMUNIKASI RS485 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA2560

The EOT (Engine Order Telegraph) is the captain's safe and continuous embodiment of a human-machine interface as a basic part of a connected remote propulsion system. Remote control systems on modern ships usually have a control transfer system that allows control to be transferred between locations. Remote control is usually possible from two locations: the bridge and the Engine Control Room (ECR). Some ships do not have a remote control handle on the ECR. When in bridge control mode, the bridge hold directly controls the engine set point. When in Engine Control Room mode, the bridge handle sends a telegraph signal to the ECR and the ECR handle controls the control system set point. In local control, the remote control system is inactive and the bridge hold sends a telegraph signal to the local control position and the engine is operated by its manual control in the engine room. In this research, an EOT tool will be realized using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller and data communication using the RS485 serial from the bridge to the engine control room. The outputs of this research are prototypes of EOT tools, research reports, journal publications and HKI

GIRE: Gender-Inclusive Requirements Engineering

Gender inclusion is fundamental to a prosperous society, but inequality and exclusion persist in various sectors of it. One of them is the ICT field, which is still struggling to represent the diversity of those it serves. The lack of diversity and power imbalance in software development affects the produced systems, that, instead of advancing gender inclusion, create new barriers in achieving it. Although considered neutral, software does not equally serve everyone who depends on it, favoring characteristics that are statistically more observed in those that are represented during development. As software development teams are predominantly male, it is not surprising that existing systems favor characteristics that are statistically more observed in men over characteristics observed in other genders. As technologies rapidly evolve and revolutionize the way we live, addressing this problem becomes urgent to ensure that these systems benefit everyone, regardless of their gender. As a first step towards this goal, we performed a systematic mapping study on gender issues in software engineering whose results indicated that gender impacts development and systems, but there are limited approaches for addressing it in Requirements Engineering. This study served as the foundation for proposing a conceptual model for gender-inclusive requirements. Its main objective is to facilitate discussion and analysis of gender and related concepts in the elicitation process to include them in the specification of requirements. In this paper, we extend this work by illustrating the concepts with an example, by presenting a process for using the knowledge of the model and a prototype tool that implements it, and by discussing an evaluation with 31 participants of the conceptual model’s usefulness, difficulty of understanding, strengths and weaknesses, use and recommendation, and finally, its components. The results were positive as both novices and experts in conceptual modeling considered the model useful, provided comprehensive feedback on its strengths but also suggestions for improvement, and most answered positively to the questions about whether they would use and recommend it.

Proactive Moderation of Online Discussions: Existing Practices and the Potential for Algorithmic Support

To address the widespread problem of uncivil behavior, many online discussion platforms employ human moderators to take action against objectionable content, such as removing it or placing sanctions on its authors. Thisreactive paradigm of taking action against already-posted antisocial content is currently the most common form of moderation, and has accordingly underpinned many recent efforts at introducing automation into the moderation process. Comparatively less work has been done to understand other moderation paradigms---such as proactively discouraging the emergence of antisocial behavior rather than reacting to it---and the role algorithmic support can play in these paradigms. In this work, we investigate such a proactive framework for moderation in a case study of a collaborative setting: Wikipedia Talk Pages. We employ a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and design components for a holistic analysis. Through interviews with moderators, we find that despite a lack of technical and social support, moderators already engage in a number of proactive moderation behaviors, such as preemptively intervening in conversations to keep them on track. Further, we explore how automation could assist with this existing proactive moderation workflow by building a prototype tool, presenting it to moderators, and examining how the assistance it provides might fit into their workflow. The resulting feedback uncovers both strengths and drawbacks of the prototype tool and suggests concrete steps towards further developing such assisting technology so it can most effectively support moderators in their existing proactive moderation workflow.

Usability of a touchscreen assessment tool (TATOO) prototype for clinicians and typically developing children

Purpose Touchscreen devices are widely used in modern life and have quickly become part of daily life for children, including during Occupational Therapy sessions for children with disabilities. Touchscreen Assessment Tool (TATOO) is a prototype application used to evaluate children’s performance when using touchscreen devices. The purpose of this study, based on the logical user-centred interaction design framework, was to evaluate TATOO’s usability for occupational therapists and typically developing children and to examine the correlations between their usability scores. Methods A convenience sample of clinicians (N = 10) and children with typical development (N = 60) was recruited for this study. The usability assessment was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and semi-structured interviews for the clinicians, and the Short Feedback Questionnaire-Child (SFQ-Child) for the children. Results The SUS scores (M ± SD = 85.5 ± 8.04, range = 70–97.5) indicated good ratings of TATOO’s usability by clinicians; the SFQ-Child results showed children also rated its usability very highly, including all ages (4–10 years) and all tasks. The clinicians all expressed positive attitudes towards using TATOO, and no bias was found between the clinicians’ usability scores and the children’s usability feedback. Conclusion The TATOO is a user-friendly tool. Researchers and clinicians can benefit from the availability of an objective and low-cost assessment tool to promote their evaluation and intervention by providing more focussed individualized recommendations and adaptations. The study also suggests a model to follow when developing applications and evaluating their usability through a mixed-method approach to deepen understanding of the user’s needs. Implications for rehabilitation Touchscreen Assessment Tool (TATOO) shows a user-friendly tool for assessing the different skills required to operate touchscreens interface. TATOO has the potential to become an essential objective and low-cost assessment tool for the clinician, in which the spread of touchscreens constantly increases. Researchers and clinicians can benefit from the availability of such tools to promote their evaluation and intervention by providing more focussed individualized recommendations and adaptations. TATOO will complement the assessment needs, as traditional fine motor assessment tools cannot capture the skills necessary to operate a touchscreen device The study suggests a model to follow when developing applications and evaluating their usability through a mixed-method approach in order to deepen understanding of the user’s needs.

AIADA: Accuracy Impact Assessment of Deprecated Python API Usages on Deep Learning Models

TensorFlow is an end-to-end open-source machine learning platform including various tools, libraries, and community resources. It supports users to use many mainstream programming languages including Python. TensorFlow contains multiple abstraction layers, with APIs play significant roles in every layers. In the version iteration of TensorFlow platform development, with the release of new TensorFlow versions, because of functionality evolution, or security and performance-related changes, some APIs eventually become unnecessary. These issues cause APIs to deprecate and influence the accuracy of deep learning models results. Prior studies have investigated API evolution and its potential impact on projects. However, their studies mainly focus on API evolution instead of API deprecation, and they do not find out how the evolution affects results of deep learning models in TensorFlow. Therefore, we present a research-based prototype tool called AIADA and apply it to different revisions of the TensorFlow platform projects code for characterizing deprecated APIs. Based on the data mined by AIADA, we develop a quantitative assessment of deprecated Python APIs usages on deep learning models accuracy. We first count the amount of TensorFlow Python APIs that are deprecated, finding out that with the development of TensorFlow version, the number of deprecated APIs increases constantly. Second, we discuss the reason behind TensorFlow Python APIs become deprecated, discover that name change, weed out, and compatibility issue lead to the main cause of deprecation. Finally, we construct a deep learning project as the comparative experiment. After comparing the results between deep learning model with TensorFlow deprecated APIs and without deprecated APIs, we conclude that using deprecated APIs will cause a 10% loss on efficiency and accuracy of deep learning model.

Gesture Spotter: A Rapid Prototyping Tool for Key Gesture Spotting in Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications.

In this paper we examine the task of key gesture spotting: accurate and timely online recognition of hand gestures. We specifically seek to address two key challenges faced by developers when integrating key gesture spotting functionality into their applications. These are: i) achieving high accuracy and zero or negative activation lag with single-time activation; and ii) avoiding the requirement for deep domain expertise in machine learning. We address the first challenge by proposing a key gesture spotting architecture consisting of a novel gesture classifier model and a novel single-time activation algorithm. This key gesture spotting architecture was evaluated on four separate hand skeleton gesture datasets, and achieved high recognition accuracy with early detection. We address the second challenge by encapsulating different data processing and augmentation strategies, as well as the proposed key gesture spotting architecture, into a graphical user interface and an application programming interface. Two user studies demonstrate that developers are able to efficiently construct custom recognizers using both the graphical user interface and the application programming interface.

Incipient fault detection of rotary steerable drilling tool equipment

Rotary steering drilling system is a high-end piece of equipment in oil and gas development. The reliable operation of its core equipment, the dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool (DPRSDT), is an important prerequisite for the normal operation of the drilling system. In this paper, the problem of incipient fault detection is investigated for the DPRSDT equipment based on the model method, which is expected to provide an important guarantee for the operation, maintenance, and health management of the system. First, the mathematical model of the DPRSDT is derived using the mechanism modeling method. Then, the moving weighted average approach is employed to improve the sensitivity of residuals to incipient faults. Based on the characteristics of the noncentral $\chi^2$ distribution, the detectability of incipient faults is analyzed in a statistical sense, and the window length and weight are derived, which ensures that the false alarm rate and missed detection rate can be reduced below the tolerance level. Finally, an experiment is performed in the rotary steerable drilling tool prototype to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Consistency-preserving propagation for SMT solving of concurrent program verification

The happens-before orders have been widely adopted to model thread interleaving behaviors of concurrent programs. A dedicated ordering theory solver, usually composed of theory propagation, consistency checking, and conflict clause generation, plays a central role in concurrent program verification. We propose a novel preventive reasoning approach that automatically preserves the ordering consistency and makes consistency checking and conflict clause generation omissible. We implement our approach in a prototype tool and conduct experiments on credible benchmarks; results reveal a significant improvement over existing state-of-the-art concurrent program verifiers.

Prototype-Design of Soil Movement Detector Using IoT Hands-on Application

The landslide disaster that killed people occurred due to public ignorance of the type of soil prone to landslides. Several efforts have been made to create prototype tools for soil movement detection. However, researchers using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology are still limited. The IoT allows for the transmission of data over an internet connection, is always connected, offers remote control capabilities, and data sharing. All of this served as the prototype design of foundation for the soil movement detection. A light-based proximity sensor is used in system, and its output is represented as a movement of the soil on an inclined plane. F furthermore, the data used as input for the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller is linked to the internet. The output is an HMI in the form of an LCD monitor that displays the soil movement measurement. The simulation of disturbances in an inclined plane is done differently depending on the frequency and duration. Moreover, monitoring is carried out by transferring processed data to the Blynk platform, which is subsequently shown in real time via the Blynk Android application. The test results of the tool used three distinct samples, as well as varied disturbance frequencies and durations. With the soil samples, the biggest movement data was 5cm achieved at a disturbance frequency of 5Hz and 40 seconds duration. The largest movement data for sand samples was 11cm at a disturbance frequency of 3Hz and 50 seconds duration, followed by largest movement data for sand soil mixture samples was 8cm at a disturbance frequency of 5Hz and 50 seconds duration. People should not reside on slopes, especially if the soil's primary component is sand.

LEGO and Low-fidelity Materials as prototyping Tools in Co-Creation Activities involving Multidisciplinary Participants

This study examines co-creation prototyping with LEGO and low-fidelity materials. 122 people from the fields of design, the pure sciences, forestry, and tourism are involved in this 6-hour co-creation program. The advantages of early design prototyping with LEGO and low-fidelity materials are examined in this study. LEGO and low-fidelity materials enable multidisciplinary participants to explore, analyse, and modify ideas in three dimensions, validating design solutions, idea formulation, and idea evaluation. It can be concluded that LEGO and low-fidelity materials are good co-design prototyping tools for team and strategy building because they motivate members to participate more during group discussions, manage design modifications, and demonstrate new design directions.

Rapid pattern formation in model cell membranes when using an electron beam

Patterning of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) is a fundamental tool for mimicking and modeling of biological membranes, but it still remains a challenge to achieve resetting and retriggering for the membrane-mediated processes of the patterned SLBs. This paper reports that indirect scanning of an electron beam (EB) enables repeatable patterning and remodeling of SLBs. By indirect scanning of the EB onto SLBs through a 100-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane, chemical and electrical effects of scattered electrons can be applied to lipid molecules in SLBs; application of these effects enables formation and annihilation of diffusion barriers in SLBs. Two-dimensional patterning of SLBs was demonstrated to be controllable by changing the electron dose of the EB and two phenomena were applied to realize repeatable wiping off and wetting of SLB patterns. Moreover, respreading of SLBs was determined as able to induce remodeling of a raft domain in phase-separated SLBs. The proposed method will lead to a prototyping tool for mimicking cell membranes to design interactions of cells and membrane proteins as well as SLB-based microchips.

All-Inkjet-Printed Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Inkjet printing is a rapid prototyping tool that allows users to easily and quickly produce thin-film devices with inks containing desired functional materials. For example, users can use Computer-Aided Design or MS Office software to draw a pattern image and then simply "print" it to create wide, complex thin film devices made of a variety of functional materials. Therefore, inkjet printing can be effectively used to design and prototype thin film-based solid state devices for evaluating the properties of ion-conducting membranes or electrocatalysts.Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the thin film based-solid state ionic devices that can produce electric energy in an eco-friendly way. SOFCs operating at high temperature have the advantages of high cogeneration efficiency and fuel flexibility, but their wide application is limited due to reduced long-term durability and high system cost. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to develop the thin film-based SOFCs capable of high-performance driving in a low-temperature range.[1,2] Incorporation of nanoscale-thick ceramic electrolytes into SOFCs can minimize energy loss due to slow ion transport in the low-temperature region and achieve high power output.In this study, we demonstrated the applicability of inkjet printing to the fabrication of thin-film-based SOFCs containing nanoscale-thick yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte.[3] Our study was performed using a low-price HP inkjet printer and the structural design of thin film-based SOFC was controlled by the MS Office software. A functional ceramic ink including an electrode and an electrolyte material, respectively, was synthesized to have fluidity suitable for printing. A full inkjet-printed SOFC with nanoscale-thick YSZ electrolyte achieved a peak power density of 730 mw/cm2 at 650°C and a robust durability of 0.0002V h-1. It is significant in that economic feasibility and long-term stability are increasingly emerging as important attributes in terms of generalization of SOFC technology.

Application of user-centered co-design principles to address barriers in therapeutic drug monitoring.

Different software applications have been developed to support healthcare professionals in individualized drug dosing. However, their translation into clinical practice is limited, partly because of poor usability and integration into workflow, which can be attributed to the limited involvement of healthcare professionals in the development and implementation of drug dosing software. This study applied co-design principles to inform the design of a drug dosing software to address barriers in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) using vancomycin as an example. Three workshops (face-to-face and online) were conducted by design researchers with pharmacists and prescribers. User journey storyboards, user personas, and prototyping tools were used to explore existing barriers to practice and opportunities for innovation through drug dosing software design. A prototype of the software interface was developed for further evaluation. Healthcare professionals (11 hospital pharmacists and 6 prescribers) with ≥2 years of clinical experience were recruited. Confidence and software usability emerged as the main themes. Participants identified a lack of confidence in vancomycin dosing and pharmacokinetic understanding and difficulty in accessing practice guidelines as key barriers that could be addressed through software implementation. Accessibility to information (e.g., guidelines and pharmacokinetic resources) and information presentation (e.g., graphical) within the dosing software were dependent on the needs and experience of the user. A software prototype with a speedometer-dial visual to convey optimal doses was well received by participants. The perspectives of healthcare professionals highlight the need for drug dosing software to be user-centred and adaptable to the needs and workflow of end users. Continuous engagement with stakeholders on tool usability, training, and education is needed to promote the implementation in practice.

Efficient Robustness Verification of the Deep Neural Networks for Smart IoT Devices

Abstract In the Internet of Things, smart devices are expected to correctly capture and process data from environments, regardless of perturbation and adversarial attacks. Therefore, it is important to guarantee the robustness of their intelligent components, e.g. neural networks, to protect the system from environment perturbation and adversarial attacks. In this paper, we propose a formal verification technique for rigorously proving the robustness of neural networks. Our approach leverages a tight liner approximation technique and constraint substitution, by which we transform the robustness verification problem into an efficiently solvable linear programming problem. Unlike existing approaches, our approach can automatically generate adversarial examples when a neural network fails to verify. Besides, it is general and applicable to more complex neural network architectures such as CNN, LeNet and ResNet. We implement the approach in a prototype tool called WiNR and evaluate it on extensive benchmarks, including Fashion MNIST, CIFAR10 and GTSRB. Experimental results show that WiNR can verify neural networks that contain over 10 000 neurons on one input image in a minute with a 6.28% probability of false positive on average.

Modeling Functional Similarity in Source Code With Graph-Based Siamese Networks

Code clones are duplicate code fragments that share (nearly) similar syntax or semantics. Code clone detection plays an important role in software maintenance, code refactoring, and reuse. A substantial amount of research has been conducted in the past to detect clones. A majority of these approaches use lexical and syntactic information to detect clones. However, only a few of them target semantic clones. Recently, motivated by the success of deep learning models in other fields, including natural language processing and computer vision, researchers have attempted to adopt deep learning techniques to detect code clones. These approaches use lexical information (tokens) and(or) syntactic structures like abstract syntax trees (ASTs) to detect code clones. However, they do not make sufficient use of the available structural and semantic information, hence limiting their capabilities. This paper addresses the problem of semantic code clone detection using program dependency graphs and geometric neural networks, leveraging the structured syntactic and semantic information. We have developed a prototype tool <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> , based on our novel approach and empirically evaluated it on popular code clone benchmarks. Our results show that <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> performs considerably better than the other state-of-the-art tool, TBCCD. We also assessed <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> on unseen projects and performed cross dataset experiments to evaluate the generalizability of <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> . Our results affirm that <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> outperforms TBCCD since most of the pairs that <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Holmes</small> detected were either undetected or suboptimally reported by TBCCD.

Application of IoT for Filling and Monitoring Water Tanks Using NodeMCU ESP8266 and MQTT Protocol

In this research, a system has been designed that aims to prevent water wastage every time you fill a water reservoir. The design of the system is in the form of filling and monitoring automatic water reservoirs that go through 5 stages, namely tool prototype design, prototype making, making a series of tools, measuring and analyzing data. This tool utilizes the HC-SR04 sensor which will detect the water level in the water reservoir if the water level is 1-23 cm then the water reservoir is filled automatically and when the sensor distance from the water is 20 cm then the water reservoir will not be refilled. In designing this system using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and the MQTT protocol which will run the control process on the system and process input data from sensors. The output will be displayed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), MQTT Dash and Node-Red Dashboard in the form of the water level in the reservoir. The added relay functions as an automatic switch when turning off and turning on the water flowing in the reservoir. This can reduce the use of water as a medium for ablution that is wasted so that it becomes more effective and efficient.

Full-program induction: verifying array programs sans loop invariants

Arrays are commonly used in a variety of software to store and process data in loops. Automatically proving safety properties of such programs that manipulate arrays is challenging. We present a novel verification technique, called full-program induction, for proving (a sub-class of) quantified as well as quantifier-free properties of programs manipulating arrays of parametric size N. Instead of inducting over individual loops, our technique inducts over the entire program (possibly containing multiple loops) directly via the program parameter N. The technique performs non-trivial transformations of the given program and pre-conditions during the inductive step. The transformations assist in effectively reducing the assertion checking problem by transforming a program with multiple loops to a program which has fewer and simpler loops or is loop free. Significantly, full-program induction does not require generation or use of loop-specific invariants. To assess the efficacy of our technique, we have developed a prototype tool called Vajra. We demonstrate the performance of Vajra vis-a-vis several state-of-the-art tools on a large set of array manipulating benchmarks from the international software verification competition (SV-COMP) and on several programs inspired by algebraic functions that perform polynomial computations.

Module of Renewable Energy from the Earth's Gravity Based on Islam as Teaching Materials for Tadris IPA Study Program

Gravity is a renewable energy source that has not been widely studied, although many scientists have researched and made prototypes of tools that use it. This article describes the development of a module of renewable energy from the Earth's gravity based on Islam as teaching material for the Tadris Science study program. This research used Research and Development (RD) method by Borg and Gall but modified only until the product revision stage. The validation results are 88.3% in the very good category from the material expert, 82.6% in the very good category from the media expert, and 89% in the very good category from the learning expert. This study concludes that students can use the developed product.