Prototype Power Plant Research Articles

Numerical investigation of a small scale sloped solar chimney power plant

The solar chimney power plant has been admitted as one of the feasible methods for utilizing solar energy. However, the reason why the height of the chimney is limited for conventional solar chimney power plants, in terms of construction and harnessing the solar energy in mountainous and impassable areas, is offered the sloped solar chimney power plant as one of the novel techniques. In this paper, we analyzed velocity and temperature distributions of a prototype of a sloped solar chimney power plant by using a three-dimensional simulation. Furthermore, the simulation was validated by experimental data from the literature. Simulation results indicate that steady state flow was an applicable assumption, for solar radiations above 600 W/m2 from morning to noon in a day. Further, the maximum air velocity in a sloped solar chimney power plant where is the entrance of the chimney was reported 2.73 m/s for solar radiation of 800 W/m2. Last but not least, geometrically, the studies showed by reduction of the height of the chimney by 25% (from 9 to 2.25 m), the maximum air velocity was decreased considerably from 2.73 to 2.07 m/s, and average air temperature at the chimney entrance was went up moderately nearly 1%.

PROTOTYPE MONITORING ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 220V OF WIND POWER PLANT (PLTB) BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Abstract - Electrical energy is a human daily need that cannot be separated, even the need for electrical energy has increased every year. This is evident from the construction of renewable energy plants in areas with potential. In this thesis, a control and monitoring system for a vertical turbine wind power plant prototype will be made using the internet based on IoT (Internet of Things) technology. Where the IoT technology here, the author uses the Thingspeak and Blynk applications which are used to monitor the electrical energy output from the wind power plant (PLTB) and the output from the 220V inverter. The purpose of using IOT technology is to make it easier to monitor and control the voltage, current and output power of wind power plants from anywhere and anytime via the internet. For the manufacture of this tool in need of a voltage sensor, current sensor, relay, LCD and NodeMCU. The voltage sensor uses PZEM 004T which functions to read the value of voltage, current, cos phi and frequency, relay1 serves to limit the output voltage from the dynamo generator and relay2 to limit the output voltage to 220V in case of equipment problems, NodeMCU functions to process data read from the sensor, this NodeMCU already equipped with a WIFI module that functions to send data to an internet server so that it can be controlled and monitored anywhere and anytime. The results of the tests carried out measurements for 2 hours on the load of the iron, fan, television, 1 phase AC motor, soldering iron, dispenser, laptop charger, incandescent lamp, and refrigerator using the 004T PZEM sensor resulted in an error of 0.28% - 0.3%.

Effect of Tip Clearance Size on Tubular Turbine Leakage Characteristics

To study the effect of tip clearance on unsteady flow in a tubular turbine, a full-channel numerical calculation was carried out based on the SST k–ω turbulence model using a power-plant prototype as the research object. Tip leakage flow characteristics of three clearance δ schemes were compared. The results show that the clearance value is directly proportional to the axial velocity, momentum, and flow sum of the leakage flow but inversely proportional to turbulent kinetic energy. At approximately 35–50% of the flow direction, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of the leakage flow show the trough and peak variation law, respectively. The leakage vortex includes a primary tip leakage vortex (PTLV) and a secondary tip leakage vortex (STLV). Increasing clearance increases the vortex strength of both parts, as the STLV vortex core overlaps Core A of PTLV, and Core B of PTLV becomes the main part of the tip leakage vortex. A “right angle effect” causes flow separation on the pressure side of the tip, and a local low-pressure area subsequently generates a separation vortex. Increasing the gap strengthens the separation vortex, intensifying the flow instability. Tip clearance should therefore be maximally reduced in tubular turbines, barring other considerations.

VIRTUS Project: A Scalable Aggregation Platform for the Intelligent Virtual Management of Distributed Energy Resources

The VIRTUS project aims to create a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) prototype coordinating the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) of the power system and providing services to the system operators and the various players of the electricity markets, with a particular focus on the industrial sector agents. The VPP will be able to manage a significant number of DERs and simulate realistic plants, components, and market data to study different operating conditions and the future impact of the policy changes of the Balancing Markets (BM). This paper describes the project’s aim, the general structure of the proposed framework, and its optimization and simulation modules. Then, we assess the scalability of the optimization module, designed to provide the maximum possible flexibility to the system operators, exploiting the simulation module of the VPP.

PERENCANAAN CHARGER CONTROLLER DAN BATERAI PADA PROTOTYPE PLTB SKALA KECIL DI TEKNIK LISTRIK POLINEMA


 
 
 One of the efforts to tackle the energy crisis is by reducing dependence on fossil energy sources and utilizing alternative energy. One of the alternative energy is wind energy. Wind energy can be used to make power plants. Wind power plant is a method to generate electrical energy by turning the wind turbine which connected to the generator, then the electrical energy which generated by generator used for supplying the load. However, the availability of the wind energy are not always constant in strength, thus to make this power plant work continuously to supplying the load it needed the element of electrical energy storage,that is battery.In order to make the electrical energy storage become efficient then used the component to support the battery charging, the presence of these component the energy produced can be stored optimallyand the battery life can be longer. The purpose of this study is to design and analyze the performance of the charger controller and battery in the PLTB system which is then used to support the work of the Wind Power Plant prototype system in State Polytechnic of Malang. The result of this study is how to choose the charger controller and battery based on some consideration, the characteristics of each components before and after be assembled in Wind Power Plant prototype system in State Polytechnic of Malang
 
 

Steam Power Plant Powered by Wood Sawdust Waste: A Prototype of Energy Crisis Solution

The used of electricity from year to year is increasing. One of the alternative to power plants with abundant availability is wood waste. The aims of this study is to: (1) design a wood waste PLTU prototype as an alternative biomass-based energy resource and an effort to reduce wood waste, (2) describe the calorific value, the resulting electrical voltage, and the duration of the lamp flame generated from wood waste fuel. Teak (Tectona grandis), surian wood waste (Toona sureni), and a mixture of both. This descriptive research includes 3 stages, which is analysis, design, and testing. Through this research, a prototype of a wood waste steam power plant was successfully designed by utilizing biomass waste fuel. The results showed that the calorific value, the resulting electrical voltage, and the resistance time of the lamp varied in the wood samples used. This indicates that the wood samples used have the potential to be used as an alternative to biomass-based energy resources.

A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a Water Vortex Power Plant as Platform for Etho- and Ecohydraulic Research

The objective of the present paper is to develop a validated numerical model of a water vortex power plant that serves as a digital twin for further studies such as assessments of the ethohydraulic characteristics or the performance of such devices. The reference for the validation process is a large-scale hydraulic installation equipped with a full-scale water vortex power plant prototype installed in Dresden (Germany), where flow field measurements were carried out using three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry. The numerical model was implemented within the software package Star-CCM+. The unsteady, two-phase flow was solved with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations in a Eulerian Multiphase approach, deploying a Volume of Fluid method to describe the free-surface flow. Water level and flow velocities were systematically compared in key areas of the device, demonstrating that the simulation is in good agreement with experimental observations. Relative differences are limited to at most 4% regarding water height in the system, and even the much more challenging velocity fields are reproduced with typical relative errors of roughly 10%. This validates the ability of the model to model the challenging flow conditions found in a water vortex power plant, enabling subsequent studies of the characteristics of this power plant concerning fish migration.

The reactor research and test facility

The paper describes an overview of the history of development and the current state of JSC “SSC RF-IPPE” reactor research and test facility designed for assembly, research and full-scale life energy tests of space nuclear power plants with a thermionic reactor. The leading specialists involved in development and operation of this facility are represented. The most significant technological interfaces and upgrade operations carried out in the recent years are discussed. The authors consider the use of an oil-free pumping system as part of this facility during degassing and life testing. Proposed are up-to-date engineering solutions for development of the automated special measurement system designed to record NPP performance, including volt-ampere characteristics together with thermophysical and nuclear physical parameters of a ground prototype of the space nuclear power plant. Key words: reactor research and test facility, thermionic reactor, life energy tests, oil-free pumping system, automated special measurement system, volt-ampere characteristics.

PENGARUH TEKANAN AIR DAN SUDUT NOZZLE TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK OUTPUT PADA PROTOTYPE PLTMH DENGAN TURBIN PELTON

Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that is different from other turbines where the peltonturbine utilizes a large high water fall (head), even with a small water discharge. The problemwith Pelton turbine is that the head is still difficult to control because this type of turbine uses ahigh head to rotate the turbine runner and there is no formula / equation to determine the angleof the nozzle which produces maximum output. Based on the problems described, it isnecessary to make a micro hidro power plant prototype using a pelton turbine with a laboratoryscale so that it can do the testing of the influence of water and the nozzle angle to obtainmaximum output results on a micro hidro power plant using a pelton turbine. The prototypetesting in this study used various water pressures, namely 5 psi, 9 psi, 13 psi, 17 psi, 21 psi,and 25 psi with nozzle angles, namely 60º, 75º, and 90º. Based on the results of the study, anincrease in the value of water pressure provided with an optimal nozzle angle will cause themicro hidro power plant performance to increase. The maximum output obtained is when thewater pressure is 25 psi with a nozzle angle of 90º which produces a turbine rotation of 917 rpmbefore the generator is coupled and 326 rpm after the generator is coupled, the generatorrotation is 1321 rpm, the generator voltage is 12.9 Volts, generator power is 30.96 Watt, torque is 0.98 Nm, and the highest efficiency occurs when the water pressure is 21 psi with a nozzleangle of 90º which is 3.91%.

Rancang Bangun Prototipe PLTPh Sebagai Listrik Penerangan Kapasitas 9 Watt

This study aims to realize the manufacturing of a prototype design of a pico-hydro power plant, which is expected to be a science of study and a reference for students at the University of Singaperbangsa Karawang in particular and Indonesian students in general, as well as monitoring the performance test of the prototype of pico-hydro power plant that is used as an electricity needs for lighting. The design and manufacture of this prototype require several supporting components: a). Pressure gauge; b). Pelton type turbines; c). Tacho Meter; d). Single-phase Ac generator; e). Avometer; f). Energy saving LED lamp. Pico-hydro power plant prototype testing is carried out by measuring the voltage generated by the generator, tested at no load and given a load using variations of 55%, 70%, 85%, 100% valve openings. Based on the results of the performance test, the pico-hydro power plant can work well. That matter can be seen from the largest flow valve opening which results in a high water flow rate, so that it can rotate the turbine quickly. The flow rate greatly affects the generator rotation. No-load test results, the largest voltage of 90 volts is obtained when using 100% valve opening, with the output producing an air flow of 0.0017 m3 / s, rotation (N1) 136 rpm, rotation (N2) 979 rpm. The results with the load, the largest voltage of 60 volts is obtained when using 100% valve openings, with the output producing rotation (N1) 133 rpm, rotation (N2) 957 rpm, and current 0.13 A when supplying the 4 LED lamps type of 3 watts with litting up brightly.

MOBILE COMPOSITE WIND POWER PLANT WITH DIFFUSER

This research focuses on the stage of engineering a technical prototype of a composite wind power plant with a diffuser (WPPD). The area of a particular interest in the article is the mathematical aspect of the engineering stage. The article presents a theoretical study as well as experimental and practical data essential to obtain an effective shape of the diffuser. Here are also given engineering calculations and results of patent researches and field tests. The authors calculate the most rational design parameters capable of ensuring the maximum speed in the area of the blades. This leads to an increase in the generated electricity, since it depends on the speed cubed. The increase in speed is stipulated by the passage of the air flow through the narrow part of the diffuser into the area of expansion and is consistent with the Bernoulli equation. The differential equation relates the flow velocity to the cross-sectional area of the diffuser. It should be noted that its inner part is the surface of rotation of the generatrixes around the axis of the diffuser. The surface shape can be adjusted based on the obtained mathematical calculations. In the research, these curves are described in the form of polynomials of various degrees. After integrating the differential equation for each curve individually the best option is selected. Here is also given an example with a quadratic function, which was experimentally substantiated in earlier researches and is used to compare the effects received from different generators. The described technology, with account taken of the shape of the generator fairings, contributes to the further improvement of the WPPD. The article serves as the basis for engineering a technical prototype of a mobile composite WPPD.

Prototype of Electrical Generator Device from Piezoelectric with Serial Configuration - Based on Mechanical Pressure

This study discussed about of prototype of electrical generator device from piezoelectric with serial configuration - based on mechanical pressure. A prototype of a piezoelectric-based power plant that is able to convert mechanical energy (footing) or object load on piezoelectric into electrical energy was the aim of this research. The piezolectric generation system can be applied to serve limited loads and can be a support system for a distributed generation system. The method of research was device design and experimental testing. The experimental testing was carried out by varying pressures on piezoelectric to produce the desired output voltage. In testing, the pressure was generated by two different objects, a human footing and a object load with varying weight. The average voltage produced on human footing was 9.736 V for 60 kg body weight. The average voltage produced on object loads was 1.33 V for 5 kg object weight. This research has succeeded in making a prototype of a power plant using piezoelectric.

Initial prototype of power plant based on river currents prime mover: design and testing

The river currents is one of renewable energy types. It can be utilized for electrical generation. This study discusses about design and testing of initial prototype of power plants based on river currents prime mover. The working principle of this prototype is to convert kinetic energy from water current into electrical energy. The prototype testing were carried out at several variations of river currents velocity: 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.3 m/s. The testing at 1.3 m/s velocity produced 1300 rpm of generator rotational speed, 0.22 A of electrical current, 5.2 V of electrical output voltage and 1.14 Watt of electrical power output.

Rekindling the flame.

After decades of decline, the U.S. government's fusion lab seeks a rebirth.

Testing of Solar –Wind Energy Hybrid System Small Scale

Electrical energy sources are currently declining so that renewable energy is environmentally friendly as an alternative energy source. This paper aims to test the charging of a hybrid system based on the prototype of a hybrid solar power plant and wind/wind energy as an alternative energy source. The method of carrying out the activity is carried out by charging the system to the accumulator when the wind speed is capable of turning the turbine and filling the accumulator and at the wind speed that is not able to fill the accumulator with a hybrid system. This research was conducted at Akarena Beach Makassar in the dry season. The results showed that testing of hybrid generators with parallel solar panels totalling 4 pieces @ 50 Watt peak (Wp) to 200 Watt peak (Wp) was able to charge 4 accumulators connected parallel @ 18 Ah or 72 Ah for ± 10 hours in sunny conditions with a charging current of 7.39 Amperes at wind speeds of 1-3 m / s and at wind speeds of 5-7 m / s the magnitude of the charging current reaches 8.02 Amperes at 15:00 to 17:00, thus, the charging time becomes faster after the turbine works with wind speeds above 5 m / sec.

Helicon wave damping coefficient of Chinese fusion engineering testing reactor plasma

The Chinese fusion engineering testing reactor (CFETR), complementing the ITER facility, is aimed at building up the science and technology base for the prototype of fusion power plant (PFPP). Based on the dispersion relation of fast wave, the analysis of the plasma dispersion function <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ Z(\xi )$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="14-20200222_M3.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="14-20200222_M3.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is performed and a numerical solution of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ Z(\xi )$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="14-20200222_M4.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="14-20200222_M4.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is obtained. As the consequence, the dependence of helicon wave damping factor <i>G</i> on the plasma parameters and that on the wave properties are both achieved. The results show that an off-axis power deposition of the wave along the device radius can be achieved under the condition of plasma discharge on CFETR tokamak. Moreover, by calculating the ratio of the electron Alfven damping in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies to the electron Landau damping, we find that the electron Alfven damping is dominant at lower wave frequencies. With the wave frequency increasing, the electron Alfven damping remains unchanged while the Landau damping increases rapidly. With the discharge parameters of CTETR hybrid mode, the electron Landau damping proves to be dominant. Moreover, the off-axis power deposition and current drive profiles are produced. It is shown that the helicon wave damping factor increases with wave frequency increasing and it is closely related to the parallel refractive index of the injected wave spectrum, the plasma density, and plasma temperature. Significant off-axis power deposition and current drive are shown in CTETR hybrid mode operation, and the current drive efficiency reaches 50 kA/MW for helicon wave with a frequency of 800 MHz. Numerical simulation performed on the GENRAY/CQL3d shows a good consistence with the experimental results.

Study of processes of artificial freezing and thawing of soils when developing a model of energy-efficient radiation-convection setup

This paper considers one stage of development of a new power plant for thawing frozen soil during emergency repairs. It includes experimental study of temperature conditions for freezing and artificial thawing of various types of soils in field and laboratory conditions. The main results of laboratory research are presented. The operation process of an industrial prototype of power plant is modelled on a test bench using analogues of radiation-convective heat generators. The obtained calculated and experimental characteristics of artificial thawing of frozen soil by a surface radiation-convective method will allow one to calculate the thermal power of a power plant, and to carry out its design and thermal calculation.

Eksperymentalna ocena właściwości dynamicznych mikroturbiny energetycznej w obecności defektów układu wirującego

Today’s energy systems increasingly use various types of microturbines to produce electricity. A specific feature of such machines is a high-speed rotor, whose rotational speed can be higher than 100,000 rpm. Failure-free operation of highspeed microturbine rotors requires both special design and high precision during the manufacturing process. What is more, proper procedures must be followed during run-up and coast-down phases; and also, dedicated diagnostic systems have to be used. This article discusses the experimental research conducted on a 2.5 kW vapour microturbine that operated in a prototypical combined heat and power plant. A series of measurements was carried out to evaluate the dynamic performance of the machine during normal operation. After the appearance of certain defects in the rotating system, it was necessary to perform a new series of measurements in order to assess the dynamic properties of the machine. The measurements results obtained in the form of vibration velocity spectrums made it possible to define diagnostic symptoms corresponding to particular defects. Similar diagnostic symptoms can occur during the operation of this class of turbomachines.

Micro Hydro Electric Power Plant (MHEP) Prototype A Study Of The Effect Of Blade Numbers Toward Turbine Rotational Velocity

Micro hydro electric power plant (MEPP) prototype is a small scale power plant (less than 100 kW) that utilizes height difference and water discharge per second. Prototype consists of a water pump, where capacity of 41 liter per minute serving as turbine driving force channelled through a nozzle, with a 40 liter water reservoir, and the water flow rate controller is a gate valve. The results show that at blade counts of 4,8,12, and 16, and with water discharge at 40 l/s, 35 l/s, 30l/s, and 25 l/s, with nozzle shooting angle of 50 °, the turbine rotational velocities are 310 rpm, 639 rpm, 655.5 rpm, and 691.3 rpm respectively. Furthermore, at water discharge of 35 l/s, the velocities are 293.3 rpm, 375,3 rpm, 412.7 rpm, 446.2 rpm, and at water discharge of 30 l/s, they are 240.3 Rpm, 395.0 rpm, 430.5 rpm, 445.2 Rpm. Moreover, at water discharge 25 of l/s, the speeds are 285.5 rpm, 330.5 rpm, 426.0 rpm, 431.1 rpm. It is concluded that the higher the water discharge rate, the greater the number of rotation, and it is also concluded that shooting angle has a significant effects on pelton turbine rotation and power.

Dynamic simulation of a Fresnel solar power plant prototype with thermocline thermal energy storage

Concentrated solar energy associated with thermal storage is gaining consideration among renewable energy sources since it provides efficient and low-cost solutions along with dispatchability. However, solar energy is intrinsically variable. In this context, a multi-domain numerical simulator can be a valuable aid to tackle the operation and control problems. In the present paper, we build a dynamic model of a concentrated solar power plant prototype using oil as the heat carrier fluid and combining a Fresnel solar field, an Organic Rankine Cycle and a dual media thermocline for thermal energy storage. The simulator takes the form of a large-scale Modelica model including both the physical and the control problems. The model is described component by component and the numerical results are compared to experimental data. Critical operational cases are studied to highlight both the model’s capabilities and limitations: startup procedure, storage management and outlet temperature control.