Prototype Module Research Articles

Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide

AbstractThe electro‐optic (EO) modulator is a crucial device for achieving high‐speed optical communication and optical interconnection by loading the high‐frequency electrical signals onto the optical carrier. To date, modern communication technique demands for a low energy consumption for green data center establishment. In this work, a thin‐film BaTiO3 crystal waveguide Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) type EO intensity modulator is experimentally implemented and its dynamic‐polarization interference process involving a phase‐polarization modulation (PPM) scheme other than conventional optical phase modulation (OPM) is carefully analyzed. Its findings show that the PPM scheme can efficiently reduce the half‐wave voltage () and the equivalent half‐wave voltage () of the modulator. Then, a new theory of deriving the bit energy (BE) from is put forward, which has proven that the BE value under PPM is lower than the OPM counterpart. The EO modulator prototype featuring a length of 1.4 mm, = 3.0 V and BE = 1.2 pJ/bit match well with the numerical calculations, thus validating the feasibility to achieve a BE<0.2 pJ/bit for an EO modulator through optimization of the electrode gap and state‐of‐the‐art fabrication techniques in the near future.

Electrical performance of a fully reconfigurable series-parallel photovoltaic module

Reconfigurable photovoltaic modules are a promising approach to improve the energy yield of partially shaded systems. So far, the feasibility of this concept has been evaluated through simulations or simplified experiments. In this work, we analyse the outdoor performance of a full-scale prototype of a series-parallel photovoltaic module with six reconfigurable blocks. Over a 4-month-long period, its performance was compared to a reference photovoltaic module with static interconnections and six bypass diodes. The results show that under partial shading, the reconfigurable module produced 10.2% more energy than the reference module. In contrast, under uniform illumination the energy yield of the reconfigurable PV module was 1.9% lower due to the additional losses introduced by its switching matrix. Finally, a modification in the reconfiguration algorithm is proposed to reduce the output current–voltage range of the module and simplify the design of module-level power converters while limiting the shading tolerance loss.

ADEROS: Artificial Intelligence-Based Detection System of Critical Events for Road Security

The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), especially in the field of Intelligent Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems (ITCPS) has a strong potential to achieve higher efficiency, reliability, and increased safety in both transportation and traffic. This work focuses on the real-world implementation of ITCPS, in which structure and elements in combination with advanced image processing methods increase safety and fluidity of road traffic at crossroads and railway crossings. In this work, we present a novel system called Artificial Intelligence-based Detection System for Road Security (ADEROS), which combines elements of CPS systems, object detection, and classification, computer vision (CV) which analyzes vehicle trajectory tracking, vehicle and pedestrian presence, light signaling systems, railway barriers at railway crossings, and railway warnings. The presented system is based on a camera module that is suitably positioned to capture the entire scene. The module uses graphics processing units (GPU) for accelerated image processing techniques and the YOLOv4 deep neural network model to detect traffic participants and then dangerous situations in various crossroads and railway crossings. Our improved unique detector can distinguish between individual types of road users and the status of several safety devices at crossroads and railway crossings (for example, the state of traffic lights (TL) or rail barriers). Furthermore, we present experimental implementation details of the ADEROS system, which includes a central server web interface for live traffic situation monitoring, various communication channels for the camera module, and a central server based on.NET core, Cassandra DB, and different security protocols. All data from risky situations are evaluated and transferred to the central server securely without human intervention. The central server aggregates and archives all risky situational data from connected cameras. Finally, we present our experimental results from a real-world pilot project that consists of a camera module prototype deployed in a real crossroad and an operational central web server.

FPGA-Based CNN for Eye Detection in an Iris Recognition at a Distance System

Neural networks are the state-of-the-art solution to image-processing tasks. Some of these neural networks are relatively simple, but the popular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can consist of hundreds of layers. Unfortunately, the excellent recognition accuracy of CNNs comes at the cost of very high computational complexity, and one of the current challenges is managing the power, delay and physical size limitations of hardware solutions dedicated to accelerating their inference process. In this paper, we describe the embedding of an eye detection system on a Zynq XCZU4EV UltraScale+ multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC). This eye detector is used in the application framework of a remote iris recognition system, which requires high resolution images captured at high speed as input. Given the high rate of eye regions detected per second, it is also important that the detector only provides as output images eyes that are in focus, discarding all those seriously affected by defocus blur. In this proposal, the network will be trained only with correctly focused eye images to assess whether it can differentiate this pattern from that associated with the out-of-focus eye image. Exploiting the neural network’s advantage of being able to work with multi-channel input, the inputs to the CNN will be the grey level image and a high-pass filtered version, typically used to determine whether the iris is in focus or not. The complete system synthetises other cores and implements CNN using the so-called Deep Learning Processor Unit (DPU), the intellectual property (IP) block released by AMD/Xilinx. Compared to previous hardware designs for implementing FPGA-based CNNs, the DPU IP supports extensive deep learning core functions, and developers can leverage DPUs to conveniently accelerate CNN inference. Experimental validation has been successfully addressed in a real-world scenario working with walking subjects, demonstrating that it is possible to detect only eye images that are in focus. This prototype module includes a CMOS digital image sensor that provides 16 Mpixel images, and outputs a stream of detected eyes as 640 × 480 images. The module correctly discards up to 95% of the eyes present in the input images as not being correctly focused.

Research on the loss characteristics of high-voltage cascaded energy storage systems based on IGCTs

High-voltage cascaded energy storage systems have become a major technical direction for the development of large-scale energy storage systems due to the advantages of large unit capacity, high overall efficiency, satisfactory economy, reliable safety, and easy access to grid dispatching. The loss characteristics analysis is the design basis of the water-cooling system of a high-voltage cascaded energy storage system, and its accurate calculation can determine the system’s safe and reliable operation of the system. This paper first introduces the four-quadrant operation principles of a cascaded H-bridge energy storage system, and analyzes the calculation method of the loss of the Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor based power module; On this basis, it studies the loss characteristics of the cascaded energy storage system and analyzes the influence of different modulation strategies and third harmonic injection on the loss characteristics of the energy storage system; Finally, this paper has completed the loss test for the engineering prototype module and compared the test results with theoretical calculation results to verify the accuracy of the loss calculation method of the high-voltage cascaded energy storage system.

Discovery Learning: Learning Modules to Improve the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade IV Elementary School Students

This research aims to develop discovery-based learning modules on Natural Sciences and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects in elementary schools. Research and development uses the Brog and Gall (2003) model which consists of 3 main steps of research and development. In product development, researchers use the ADDIE development model to develop prototypes of learning modules. This research was conducted in the central part of Lampung Province, precisely at SD Negeri 5 Lempuyangan Regency, Bandar Way Pengubuan. The sampling technique uses random sampling by assigning 2 classes as subjets, namely the experimental class and the control class consisting of 25 students in each class. The results of this study showed that the average score of the experimental class was 77.83 and the control class was 69.43. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the experimental class was superior to the control class and had a significance value obtained through the t-test before 0.000, which means that there is a significant average difference. The results are then continued on the effect size test to see the magnitude of the influence of the product used. The effect size test result is 0.83 with a very high interpretation. Based on the results of research conducted in class IV, it can be concluded that discovery-based learning modules are effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.

ПРОГРАММНЫЙ МОДУЛЬ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ МАРШРУТОВ ДОСТАВКИ СИЛ И СРЕДСТВ В ЗОНУ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА

The article presents a prototype of a software module for finding optimal routes for the delivery of rescuers to the accident zone on the territory of St. Petersburg. The calculation mechanisms of the software module are based on Dijkstra's algorithm, which has proven itself for a long time as a high-quality tool for accurate calculations. This software product, when implemented and introduced into the work of rescue services, will hypothetically make it possible to search for the shortest routes for their forces and means in conditions of a multifactorial external environment and the possible inaccessibility of the Internet and the lack of GPS connections.

Additive Prototyping for Rapid Circuit and Interface Development at 200°C+

A major challenge in the process of designing analog and digital circuits for high-temperature applications is the usefulness and completeness of information supplied by component manufacturers. The models supplied in datasheet packages require verification and/or extension to be integrated into systems that function at or above 200°C. Between 85°C and 175°C this activity is accomplished through breadboarding and population of bespoke printed circuit boards respectively. Before investing in a fabrication run, rapid additive prototyping can be used to verify designs and inform designers if modification is required. Additively manufactured modules can also interface with final products and can be easily integrated with other high temperature modules such as Ozark IC’s XNode® single board high-temperature computers. The materials used for fabrication of the high-temperature prototype module are selected in a manner that is compatible with the components used for fabrication. Compatible materials are required for all interfaces; connector-to-board, board-to-passive, board-to-wirebond, and wirebond-to-die. Using proper materials and packaging techniques, operation at 200°C for over 7000 hours has been achieved. Ozark IC has developed a post-fire process that allows for maskless single-layer board fabrication, from design to electrical test, in less than one week. Currently in development is an additive dielectric deposition process, which will enable multilayer board fabrication using commercially available metal and dielectric inks. This process was used to fabricate a Resistance Temperature Detector readout function (RTD board) with the dimensions of 5 cm X 5 cm which was then integrated with an XNode AQ200 module and tested at temperatures up to 200°C. This material system was used to fabricate the single-layer and multilayer additively manufactured substrates which have tested successfully at temperatures up to 800°C.

Shingling meets perovskite-silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells

The current work focuses on the question if shingling can be a suitable interconnection method for perovskite-silicon tandem (PVST) cells. Cell-to-module (CTM) analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of the metallization fingers and cut size (1/4, 1/5, 1/6 and 1/7 of the original wafer) on the I–V characteristics of PVST shingle cells, defining an optimum number of fingers for each of the cut sizes. The simulation was based on M6 wafers with an edge length of 166 mm, showing that smaller cut size with more fingers exhibit lower current, but higher fill factor and efficiency. Furthermore, power gains and losses from cell to module depending on the shingle size were analyzed. The simulation was based on a module design with 10 strings in parallel and shingles of 1/4, 1/5 and 1/6 cut sizes. CTM analysis revealed that smaller shingle cut sizes result in higher module efficiencies due to their higher initial efficiency and optical gains from overlap. According to the performed simulations, assuming an initial cell efficiency of 25.0 % (1/6 cut with 95 fingers), a module efficiency of 23.4 % can be reached. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of shingle interconnection and full-format module integration of PVST cells, low-temperature silver metallization with a screen-printing approach was utilized on M6 precursors provided by Oxford PV. After metallization, cells were cut (166 mm × 33.2 mm) and interconnected into shingle strings with an automatic process. They were then integrated in glass-glass (GG) solar modules. The prototype modules exhibited no visual defects and demonstrated performance in line with the initial cell efficiency. The highest achieved module efficiency was 22.8 % based on the aperture area of 1.5 m2 and exhibited a power PMPP of 336.5 W. Throughout the whole prototype fabrication process, only commercially available materials and industrial manufacturing equipment was used. To conclude, shingling has been demonstrated as a viable interconnection approach for PVST cells. Simulation and prototype production confirmed the potential of shingle modules to achieve high efficiencies.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in the SrTi0.85Nb0.15O3 Oxide Nanocomposite with Fe2O3-Functionalized Graphene.

Doped SrTiO3 is considered one of the potential thermoelectric (TE) candidates but its TE figure of merit, ZT needs to be improved for practical application of electricity generation from high-grade waste-heat. In the present work, enhanced TE performance has been realized for SrTi0.85Nb0.15O3 (STN) perovskite adopting the strategy of composite formation with Fe2O3-functionalized graphene (FGR). We have achieved a maximum electrical conductivity of 1.4 × 105 S m-1 for 1 wt % FGR added to STN, which is around 1185% larger than that of pristine STN. The presence of FGR in the STN matrix acts as a mobility booster of electrons, overcoming the effect of Anderson localization of electrons, which impedes the electron transport in STN. This is evident from the order of magnitude increase in weighted mobility of STN after FGR addition. Furthermore, the incorporation of FGR causes about a 34% decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity. The Debye-Callaway model demonstrates that the phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering is primarily responsible for reduced thermal conductivity. The presence of FGR sheets along the grain boundaries of STN, Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and lattice imperfections gives rise to the glass-like temperature-independent phonon mean-free-path, especially above Debye temperature. The maximum ZT ∼ 0.57 has been obtained at 947 K for the 1 wt % FGR sample, which is around 420% higher than that of pristine STN. Furthermore, we have fabricated a prototype of a four-legged n-type TE module, demonstrating one of the highest power outputs of 18 mW among reported oxide thermoelectrics.

Investigation of the profilogram structure of microstrip microwave modules manufactured using additive 3D-printing technology

Objectives. The aim of the work is to study the surface roughness of the current-carrying topology and dielectric of the upper (Top Layer) and lower (Bottom Layer) sides of microwave modules manufactured using additive three-dimensional printing technology when prototyping prototypes of microwave modules on a 3D printer of DragonFly 2020 LDM multilayer printed circuit boards.Methods. Methods of metallographic analysis in bright and dark fields, surface roughness profiling, and computer modeling were used.Results. Experimental samples of microstrip microwave elements of modules of multilayer boards of a given configuration, telemetry sensors, printed circuit board (PCB) antennas were obtained. The topological and radiophysical features of the additively formed upper and lower surface layers of experimental samples of boards of strip modules were studied. Optical profilogram measurements of the roughness of the outer sides of the board were carried out at 10 points, amounting to 2 µm for the upper layer of the topology and 0.3 µm for the lower layer; the average grain size of the dielectric base was determined at 0.007 mm2. The roughness of the conductive topology and upper side dielectric was shown to correspond to an accuracy class of 6–7, while the roughness of the microstrip conductive topology and the dielectric of the lower side of the board corresponds to an accuracy class of 10–12.Conclusions. It is established that an uneven formation of the lower and upper strip layers of the printed module can affect the inhomogeneity of the distribution of radiophysical parameters (dielectric permittivity, surface conductivity, etc.), as well as the instability of the structural (adhesion ability, thermal conductivity, etc.) characteristics of the strip module, which must be taken into account when prototyping devices using inkjet 3D printing technology, including when adapting Gerber projects of PCB modules created for classical board production technology.

Restoring natural upper limb movement through a wrist prosthetic module for partial hand amputees

BackgroundMost partial hand amputees experience limited wrist movement. The limited rotational wrist movement deteriorates natural upper limb system related to hand use and the usability of the prosthetic hand, which may cause secondary damage to the musculoskeletal system due to overuse of the upper limb affected by repetitive compensatory movement patterns. Nevertheless, partial hand prosthetics, in common, have only been proposed without rotational wrist movement because patients have various hand shapes, and a prosthetic hand should be attached to a narrow space.MethodsWe hypothesized that partial hand amputees, when using a prosthetic hand with a wrist rotation module, would achieve natural upper limb movement muscle synergy and motion analysis comparable to a control group. To validate the proposed prototype design with the wrist rotation module and verify our hypothesis, we compared a control group with partial hand amputees wearing hand prostheses, both with and without the wrist rotation module prototype. The study contained muscle synergy analysis through non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) using surface electromyography (sEMG) and motion analyses employing a motion capture system during the reach-to-grasp task. Additionally, we assessed the usability of the prototype design for partial hand amputees using the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test (JHFT).ResultsThe results showed that the number of muscle synergies identified through NMF remained consistent at 3 for both the control group and amputees using a hand prosthesis with a wrist rotation module. In the motion analysis, a statistically significant difference was observed between the control group and the prosthetic hand without the wrist rotation module, indicating the presence of compensatory movements when utilizing a prosthetic hand lacking this module. Furthermore, among the amputees, the JHFT demonstrated a greater improvement in total score when using the prosthetic hand equipped with a wrist rotation module compared to the prosthetic hand without this module.ConclusionIn conclusion, integrating a wrist rotation module in prosthetic hand designs for partial hand amputees restores natural upper limb movement patterns, reduces compensatory movements, and prevent the secondary musculoskeletal. This highlights the importance of this module in enhancing overall functionality and quality of life.

Thermal design of a combined hydrogen and oxygen supply system for a fuel cell in low-oxygen environments

In low-oxygen environments such as submarines or unmanned underwater vehicles, the utilization of metal hydride and hydrogen peroxide reformers has become prevalent for generating hydrogen and oxygen for fuel cell power systems. However, these systems necessitate additional thermal sources to function properly. This study presents a novel thermal management module designed to enhance the operational efficiency of fuel cell power systems in such environments. Our proposed thermal management module addresses the dual requirements of supplying heat to the metal hydride and dissipating heat from the high-temperature oxygen produced by the reformer. By strategically diverting the high-temperature wet oxygen outside the metal hydride container, heat is absorbed effectively. To accomplish this, an extensive parametric study was conducted, analyzing the phase-change heat transfer of wet oxygen, enabling us to design and manufacture a prototype of the thermal management module. The accuracy of our design was verified through experimental analysis, confirming the validity of our predictions regarding heat absorption by the metal hydride based on oxygen temperature. Notably, the implementation of our thermal management module resulted in a remarkable 2.6-fold increase in the average dehydrogenation rate of the metal hydride. In summary, this research demonstrates the excellent performance of the proposed thermal management module, offering substantial improvements to fuel cell power systems operating in low-oxygen environments.

MsPrompt: Multi-step prompt learning for debiasing few-shot event detection

Event detection (ED) is aimed to identify the key trigger words in unstructured text and predict the event types accordingly. Traditional ED models are too data-hungry to accommodate real applications with scarce labeled data. Besides, typical ED models are facing the context-bypassing and disabled generalization issues caused by the trigger bias stemming from ED datasets. Therefore, we focus on the true few-shot paradigm targeting to construct a novel training set that accommodates the low-resource scenarios. In particular, we propose a multi-step prompt learning model (MsPrompt) for debiasing few-shot event detection (FSED), consisting of the following two components: a multi-step prompt module equipped with a knowledge-enhanced ontology to leverage the event semantics and latent prior knowledge in the pretrained language models (PLMs) sufficiently for tackling the context-bypassing problem, and a prototypical network module compensating for the weakness of classifying events with sparse data and boost the generalization performance.Experiments on two public datasets ACE-2005 and FewEvent show that MsPrompt can outperform the state-of-the-art models, especially in the strict low-resource scenarios reporting 11.43% improvement in terms of weighted F1-score against the best baseline and achieving an outstanding debiasing performance.

Multi-transformer based on prototypical enhancement network for few-shot relation classification with domain adaptation

Few-shot relation classification aims to predict the relation between entity pairs in unseen sentences with a few labeled sentences. In real-world scenarios, the target domains often have limited data and could differ significantly from the source domains. Existing studies focus on the representation of entity pairs, ignoring the relation between the sentences and the entity pairs. Some researchers use feature-adaptive methods that do not consider that features contribute differently to relation classification. To solve these challenges, a multi-transformer based on a prototypical enhancement network (MTPEnet) is presented for few-shot relation classification with domain adaptation in this study. Specifically, for MTPEnet, two main parts are conducted. First, in the calculation of the prototype, a local and global representations (LGR) module is established to improve the representation of sentences. LGR considers not only the head and tail entities in a sentence but also the relation between the entity pair and the entire sentence. Second, a multi-transformer (MT) feature transformation module is introduced to address the cross-domain problem. Different weights are assigned to the target domain features according to the degree of fusion between the features in the target and source domains. Finally, the experimental results on the datasets FewRel 2.0 and FewTAC demonstrate the superiority of MTPEnet over several baseline models.

Ambulatory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation simulator: The next frontier in clinical training.

Current medical simulators for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are expensive and rely on low-fidelity methodologies. This creates a challenge that demands a new approach to eliminate high costs and integrate with critical care environments, especially in light of the scarce resources and supplies available after the COVID-19 pandemic. To address this challenge, we examined the current state-of-the-art medical simulators and collaborated closely with Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), the primary healthcare provider in Qatar, to establish criteria for advancing the cutting-edge ECMO simulation. This article presents a comprehensive ambulatory high-realism and cost-effective ECMO simulator. Over the past 3years, we have surveyed relevant literature, gathered data, and continuously developed a prototype of the system modules and the accompanying tablet application. By doing so, we have successfully addressed the issue of cost and fidelity in ECMO simulation, providing an effective tool for medical professionals to improve their understanding and treatment of patients requiring ECMO support. This paper will focus on presenting an overall ambulatory ECMO simulator, detailing the various sub-systems and emphasizing the modular casing of the physical components and the simulated patient monitor.

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

BACKGROUND: The results of RD for the laboratory prototype of the unit for grass seeds oversowing on mountain slopes, which can increase labor efficiency and mountain forage lands yield by 20-25%, are presented.
 AIMS: The developed laboratory prototype of a block module based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds, providing with an accelerated increase in the yield of perennial grasses and soil resistance to water and wind erosion.
 METHODS: Technical expertise and testing of the unit and technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania (Dargava basin, the base station of the Institute) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit were determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Technical examination of the unit was carried out according to the OST 10.2.1-97. Surface sowing of grass seeds was carried out according to GOST 31345-2017. The subject of research included the technology of grass seeds oversowing, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendular sowing machines, seeding rates and method of sowing.
 METHODS: The laboratory prototype of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged structure with a two-row arrangement of containers for grass seeds and with pendular sowing machines. In the design of the small-sized mountain unit, motion across the slope from top to bottom is performed with a shuttle method with rolling of the sown seeds by press wheels. The grass was oversown on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a slope angle of 1316 on the Sugsadtanrag terrain.
 CONCLUSIONS: The practical application of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds with their subsequent pressing in areas in highland and piedmont areas ensures detaining of degradation processes of slope areas, accelerated increase in yield, quality and quantity of perennial grasses, improves soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

Design of a microcontroller-based quadcopter prototype module Fly Sky XL163RX take off and landing

This research paper presents the design and development of a microcontroller-based quadcopter prototype module, named Fly Sky XL163RX, with the capability of take off and landing. The objective of this study is to design a reliable and efficient quadcopter module that can be utilized for various applications, such as aerial photography, surveillance, and delivery services. The proposed quadcopter module is equipped with the Fly Sky XL163RX microcontroller, which serves as the control unit for managing the flight operations. The design process involves several key steps, including the selection of appropriate components, integration of sensors and actuators, and the development of control algorithms. The quadcopter module utilizes a combination of sensors, including gyroscopes, accelerometers, and altimeters, to gather real-time data and stabilize the flight. The control algorithm employs a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to adjust the motor speeds and maintain stability during take off and landing. The Fly Sky XL163RX microcontroller offers a user-friendly interface and supports various communication protocols, allowing for easy customization and control of the quadcopter module. Additionally, the module incorporates safety features, such as emergency landing capabilities and collision avoidance systems, to enhance flight security and prevent potential accidents. The performance of the Fly Sky XL163RX quadcopter module was evaluated through extensive flight testing. The results demonstrate the module's capability to achieve stable take off and landing operations, as well as its responsiveness to user commands. The module's compact size and lightweight design make it suitable for indoor and outdoor applications. In conclusion, this research presents the design and development of the Fly Sky XL163RX microcontroller-based quadcopter module, which exhibits reliable and efficient take off and landing operations. The module's integration of sensors, control algorithms, and safety features contribute to its overall performance and usability. Future work may focus on enhancing the module's capabilities, such as implementing autonomous flight modes and improving battery efficiency.Quadcopter, Microcontroller, FlySky XL163RX, Take Off, Landing, Control Algorithm, Sensors, Actuators, PID Controller, Flight Testing, Aerial Applications.

РАЗРАБОТКА ПРОГРАММНОГО МОДУЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НА ВИДЕОИЗОБРАЖЕНИИ ДЛЯ ВЫБОРА И АНАЛИЗА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ

This paper studies a new approach to improve efficiency of modern surveillance and telemetry systems in robotics. Described and ongoing researches are created with OpenCV and PyGame libraries. A main goal of the study is to improve efficiency of human operator while inspecting or diagnosing various emerging situations. As a key solution we propose to introduce target distortions into images received from surveillance cameras. A prototype module has been developed which allows operator to manually change the perspective on video images. The module was tested on the aerial photography images.

Reconfigurable Geometrical Phase Spatial Light Modulator Using Short‐Pitch Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

AbstractThis article presents an approach to achieve a fast and analog geometrical phase modulation based on the optical axis rotation of the defect‐free Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHFLC) with a short pitch. This study demonstrates a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) prototype with a feature size of 3 µm without Fringe Field Effect (FFE), having a phase depth of 1.9π, fast switching time (<250 µs) at a low operating voltage (<7 V), and high diffraction efficiency (>77%). The high phase modulation depth is achieved by developing DHFLC with a cone angle of up to 85˚, which is inherently immune to FFE. The ellipticity is minimized by using a compensation film that can suppress the changes in birefringence under the applied electric field. The proposed SLM is promising in applications such as a real‐time hologram and dynamic beam steering in Light Ranging and Detector (LiDAR).