Proton Transfer Complex Research Articles

Kinetic Stability of Tetra(1,2,5-selenodiazolo)porphyrazine in the Nitrogen-Containing Base-Dimethyl Sulfoxide System

The behavior of tetra(1,2,5-selenodiazolo)porphyrazine in DMSO and in the DMSO-base (pyridine, 2-methyl-pyridine, morpholine, and piperidine) systems has been studied. It has been shown that the π-chromophore system of the macrocycle is decomposed with time in strongly basic media. The proton-transfer complex H2PA(SeN2)4·2DMSO formed in DMSO has been less kinetically stable in the presence of morpholine (piperidine) than the H2PA(SN2)4·2DMSO complex.

Proton-induced intermolecular charge transfer in Picolinium Tartrate Monohydrate crystal for OLED and nonlinear optical applications: A combined experimental and computational study

Proton transfer complex of Picolinium Tartrate Monohydrate (PTM) was synthesized and structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique and 1H &13C NMR analysis. The molecular structural investigations by Hirshfeld surface, NBO and AIM analyses reveals that the picolinium cation and tartrate anion are interconnected through water molecule via strong N+-H ….O− and O+-H…O− hydrogen bonds. The harmonic wavenumber is computed with DFT/B3LYP/6–31++G(d,p) method and compared to the experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman with the help of Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) following scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology results the red shifting of NH and OH stretching vibrations due to the proton transfer. The solid state and solvent assisted photoluminescence spectrum shows that luminescence is at the blue region with appreciable lifetime. Third order nonlinear optical properties like self-defocusing, saturable absorption and optical limiting at 532 nm are identified by Z-scan analysis. The field dependent nature of first and second order hyperpolarizabilities and luminescence properties suggest that PTM crystal is a potential candidate for non-linear optical and OLED applications. The correlation between proton transfer, hole-electron transport and charge transfer interaction explores in this study.

The effect of malonic acid on the physico-chemical characterisation of 4-hydroxy pyridine: A new third order NLO single crystal

The proton transfer complex of 4-hydroxy pyridinium hydrogen malonate (4HPMA) single crystal was grown successfully by slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) at ambient temperature. Cell parameters and crystal structure of 4HPMA have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) method. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum reveals that 4HPMA grown crystal exhibits 70% optical transparency in the range of 300–850 nm. Photoluminescence study suggests as-grown crystal has violet emission nature. FTIR and Raman spectral analysis have been used to identify the presence of various functional groups. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral analyses were used to identify the presence of proton and carbon. Thermal behaviour of grown crystal has been identified by Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Differential thermogravimetric analyses (DTA). Third-order nonlinear optical studies have been evaluated with nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) of the grown crystal. Hirshfeld surface analyses were used to predict the existence of all intermolecular interactions.

Physicochemical studies on proton transfer reaction between methyl[5-(propylthio)-1H-benzoimidazole-2-yl]carbamate (albendazole, ABZ) with 2,4,6- trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA) in chloroform

In this study, a new proton transfer complex between albendazole drug (ABZ), methyl [5-(propylthio)-1H-benzoimidazole-2-yl]carbamate and picric acid (PA) has been synthesized and characterized in chloroform and solid state by different physicochemical methods. In chloroform, the proton transfer complex exhibited an absorption maxima at 409 nm. In addition, the complex was formed in a 1:1 molecular composition. The formation constant, spectroscopic physical parameters and enthalpy of formation confirmed that, the formed complex has high stability. The solid-state complex was also found in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio from elemental analysis and was isolated as yellow crystals. Changes in vibrational mode wavenumbers and chemical shifts in infrared and 1H NMR spectra were found in comparison with the reactants, confirming the complex formation. Furthermore, TG/DTA analysis provided information about changes in material properties as a function of temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of the theory was employed to support the experimental results. The optimized structures of reactants and the new complex, their geometrical parameters, reactivity parameters, molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEP) and natural atomic charges from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were calculated. It has been concluded from the investigated computational analysis that the presence of many hydrogen bonds in the formed complex beside charge transfer interaction are certainly responsible for its high stability. Time-dependent functional theory (TD-DFT) at the same was applied to explain the origin of the recorded electronic transition in chloroform. A good consistency was found between experimental and theoretical results.

Influence of the Nature of the Nitrogen-Containing Base on the Kinetic Stability of Tetra(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)porphyrazine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The state of tetrakis(1,2,5-thiadizole)porphyrazine in the DMSO medium was studied. The protontransfer complex that formed was found to be quite stable. This complex was shown to decompose in some strong base solutions after some delay. The influence of either the nature of nitrogen-containing base and NH acidity of the porphyrazine macrocycle on the destruction kinetics of proton-transfer tetrakis(1,2,5-thiadizole)-porphyrazine complexes was investigated.

Crystallographic, dynamic and Hirshfeld surface studies of charge transfer complex of imidazole as a donor with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as an acceptor: Determination of various physical parameters

The peculiar charge (CT) complex is synthesized by mixing the 1:1 ratio of the donor, imidazole (IZ) and acceptor, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA) in ethanol at room temperature. The stoichiometry of the 1:1 proton transfer complex is obtained by using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation, which is used to determine the molar extinction coefficient (εCT), formation constant (KCT) and the other physical parameters. The CT complex was investigated using various spectral techniques, such as UV–visible, FTIR, 1HNMR and powder XRD that confirm the formation of N+–H…O- bond between donor and acceptor. The Numerous thermodynamics parameters such as energy (ECT), Ionization potential (ID), resonance energy (RN), free energy (ΔĞ), oscillator strength (f) and transition dipole strength (μEN) have been determined by using UV–visible spectroscopy. Structure of the synthesized CT complex has also been investigated by using X-ray crystallography. The formation of CT complex occurred by transfer of lone pair of electrons from donor to the acceptor through N +_ H... O− type of hydrogen bond and structure of the CT complex has been found to be monolclinic [(IZ)+(DNBA)-] as investigated by X-ray crystallographic and other studies. The thermal decomposition and mass loss of the CT complex were analyzed by TGA-DTA studies. The Hirshfeld surfaces of the CT complex have been mapped over a dnorm, shape_index and curvedness range of −0.79 to 1.7, −0.99 to 1.0 and −4.0 to 4.0 respectively.

Intense White Molecular Fluorescence from Naphthoxazole-Quinoline Derivatives.

Naphthoxazole derivatives are small heterocyclic compounds endowed with outstanding fluorescence properties. In this work, we report a detailed study of the intense white light fluorescence observed in naphthoxazole-quinoline dyads in solvent mixtures including at least a strong hydrogen bonding solvent. The same phenomenon was also studied in inclusion complexes naphthoxazole derivatives-sulfonated-βCD either in aqueous solution as well as in solid phase. A novel mechanism of white molecular fluorescence generation based on solvent-to-fluorophore proton transfer facilitated by ground state hydrogen bonding was characterized. The emission combines both, a blue charge transfer fluorescence emitted by the locally excited singlet state along with a red-shifted emission from a proton transfer complex.

Synthesis, structural, hirshfeld surface, spectroscopic studies and quantum chemical calculation of the proton transfer complex between 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine and salicylic acid

The proton transfer (PT) complex of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine (AHMP) with salicylic acid (SA) has been synthesized and their crystal has been grown by slow evaporation technique. Further, the crystal has been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic centrosymmetric space group Pbca. The vibrational spectra of PT complex and its constituents have been analysed in the solid phase. UV–Vis and 1HNMR spectra of PT complex and its constituents (SA and AHMP have been studied in solution phase. Thermal stability of PT complex has been examined by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The intermolecular interactions and their contribution to the crystal formation have been analysed with the help of 3D Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint plot. The theoretical calculations of the PT complex have been carried out using DFT/TD-DFT methods to support the experimental results as well as to explore various molecular properties such as frontier molecular orbitals, natural atomic charges, chemical reactivity and molecular electrostatic potential mapping (MEP).

Pamoic acid-phenanthroline co-crystal and its Cu(II) complex: X-ray structures and luminescence properties

In this study, pamoic acid-phenanthroline proton transfer complex [(HPhen)(HPam)] and its Cu(II) complex {[Cu(Phen)2(H2O)2]Pam·2.5H2O were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The structures of the compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the structure of the proton transfer complex [(HPhen)(HPam)], one of the carboxyl group proton of a pamoic acid molecule transferred to the one of phenanthroline nitrogen atom. In the structure, no hydrogen bond contacts were observed between the protonated phenanthroline (HPhen)+ and mono-deprotonated pamoic acid (HPam)- and phenanthroline (HPhen)+ cations involve in a hydrogen bond (N1-H····O7) with a DMF solvate. Hydrogen bonds between mono-deprotonated pamoic acid [HPam]- anions and π-π stacking interactions play a crucial role in the packing of the structure. X-ray crystallographic data showed that the Cu(II) complex consists of [Cu(Phen)2(H2O)2]2+ cationic unit, a pamoate counter anion and lattice water molecules (2.5H2O per complex cation). In the structure, each Cu(II) ion are six-coordinated and bound to four nitrogen atoms of two phenanthroline ligands and two water ligands with a distorted octahedral geometry. The pamoate anion does not involve in coordination with Cu(II) ion. The cationic units are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming a 2D hydrogen bond network. 2D hydrogen bond network further extended to 3D network by π-π stacking interactions. Absorption and emission spectral features of the compounds were investigated both in the solid state and solution.

Structural characterization and DFT study of a new optical crystal: 2-amino-3-methylpyridinium-3,5-dinitrobenzoate

A new proton transfer complex was synthesized by the reaction between 2-amino-3-methyl pyridine with 3,5-dinitro benzoic acid in methanol solvent at room temperature. Chemical composition and stoichiometry of the synthesized complex 2-amino-3-methylpyridinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (AMPDB) were verified by CHN analysis. The AMPDB crystals were subjected to FT-IR spectral analysis to confirm the functional groups in the compound. UV–Vis–NIR spectral studies revealed that the AMPDB has a large optical transparency window. Single crystal XRD analysis reveals that AMPDB belongs to a monoclinic system with P21/c space group. NMR spectroscopic data indicate the exact carbon skeleton and hydrogen environment in the molecular structure of AMPDB. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG). Computational studies such as optimisation of molecular geometry, natural bond analysis (NBO), Mulliken population analysis and HOMO-LUMO analysis were performed using Gaussian 09 software by B3LYP method at 6-311 G(d p) basis set. The first order hyperpolarizability (β) value is 37 times greater than that of urea. The optical nonlinearities of AMPDB have been investigated by Z-scan technique with He-Ne laser radiation of wavelength 632.8 nm. Hirshfeld analysis indicate O⋯H/H⋯O interactions are the superior interactions confirming intensive hydrogen bond net work.

Preparation, single-crystal investigation and spectrophotometric studies of proton transfer complex of 2,6-diaminopyridine with oxalic acid in various polar solvents

Charge transfer complex (CT complex) of donor, 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and π- acceptor, oxalic acid (OA) has been synthesized in acetonitrile at room temperature. The CT complex is formed through the transfer of lone pair electrons from 2,6-diaminopyridine to oxalic acid. The CT complex was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectra single crystal studies, TGA-DTA, 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectra in different solvents which indicate the CT interaction associated with proton migration from the acceptor to the donor followed by hydrogen bonding via N+H⋯O−. It was found that formation of CT Complex is solvent dependent. Spectrophotometric data show the properties of complex in terms of formation constant (KCT), molar extinction coefficient (εCT), energy of interaction (ECT), ionization potential (ID), resonance energy (RN), free energy (ΔG), oscillator strength (f) and transition dipole moment (μEN). The stoichiometry of the CT complex was found to be 1:1 by a straight-line method between donor and acceptor with maximum absorption bands. The physical parameters of CT complex were evaluated by the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. The agreements between the spectroscopic results were also confirmed by single crystal X-ray of the resulting charge transfer complex.

Dipicolinate salt of imidazole: Discovering its structure and properties using different experimental methodologies and quantum chemical investigations

A novel organic proton transfer complex of imidazolium dipicolinate (ID) has been synthesized and it was grown as single crystals using slow evaporation method. The molecular structure of synthesized compound and vibrational modes of its functional groups were confirmed by (1H and 13C) NMR, FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopic studies, respectively. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis confirmed the orthorhombic system with noncentrosymmetric (NCS), P212121, space group of grown ID crystal. UV–Vis–NIR spectral study confirmed its high optical transparency within the region of 285–1500 nm. Powder second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of ID crystal was confirmed and it was 6.8 times that of KDP crystal. TG-DTA and DSC analysis revealed the higher thermal stability of grown crystal as 249 °C. The dielectric response and mechanical behaviour of grown crystal were studied effectively. Density functional theory calculations were performed to probe the relationship between the structure and its properties including molecular optimization, Mulliken atomic charge distribution, frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) and molecular electrostatic potential map (MEP) analysis and first hyperpolarizability. All these experimental and computational results were discussed in this communication and it endorsed the ID compound as a potential NLO candidate could be employed in optoelectronics device applications in near future.

Optical and morphological studies of 3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidinium picrate

Single crystals of 3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidinium picrate, a proton-transfer complex, are grown from ethanol–chloroform (2:1, v/v) at room temperature by slow evaporation. The vibrational patterns, as measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, show the formation of complexes. The crystal exhibits good transmittance in the visible region, and the lower optical cutoff wavelength is ∼495 nm. The structure and the crystallinity of the material were further confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The scanning electron microscopy study indicated defect-centered surface morphology. Second-harmonic generation efficiency was estimated by the Kurtz and Perry powder method. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis shows the stability of the material.

Hydrogen bonded 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, a new optical crystal: Evaluation of properties by structural, spectral, quantum chemical calculations, Z-scan and Hirshfeld studies

A new hydrgen bonded proton transfer complex, 2-methyl imidazolium 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate 3,5-dinitro benzoic acid (MIDB) was synthesized by the reaction between 2-methyl imidazole with 3,5-dinitro benzoic acid (1:2) in methanol solvent at room temperature. The crystals were subjected to FT-IR spectral analysis to confirm the functional groups of the new compound. Single crystal XRD analysis reveals that MIDB belongs to monoclinic system with P21/c space group. The asymmetric unit consists of one 2-methyl imidazolium cation, one 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate anion and one uncharged 3,5-dinitro benzoic acid moiety. Experimental NMR spectroscopic data and theoretically calculated NMR data correlated very well to estabilish the exact carbon skeleton and hydrogen environment in the molecular structure of MIDB. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Computational studies such as optimization of molecular geometry, natural bond analysis (NBO), Mulliken population analysis and HOMO-LUMO analysis were performed using Gaussian 09 software by B3LYP method at 6–31 g basis set level. The calculated first-order polarizability (β) of MIDB from computational studies is 4.1752 × 10−30 esu, which is 32 times greater than that of urea. UV–vis–NIR spectral studies revealed that the MIDB has a large optical transparency window. The optical nonlinearities of MIDB have been investigated by Z-scan technique with HeNe laser radiation of wavelength 632.8 nm. Hirshfeld analysis indicate O⋯H/H⋯O interactions are the superior interactions confirming excessive hydrogen bond net work in the molecular structure.

Molecular structure, proton affinity and hydrogen bonds of (2-hydroxyethyl)amine-N-oxides: DFT, MP2 and FTIR study

Tris- 1, bis- 2, and mono- 3 (2-hydroxyethyl)amine-N-oxides isomers, their protonated forms, and H-complexes with acids have been studied in gas phase and DMSO solution by the quantum chemical calculations using DFT and MP2 methods. It is found that the proton affinity of the endo isomers 1a–3a, exo isomers 1b–3b and epi isomer 1c depends on the number of the hydroxyethyl groups, steric factors and strengths of the intramolecular H-bonds OH⋅⋅⋅ON in 1a–3a and OH⋅⋅⋅OH in 1b–3b. The peculiarities of formation of the hydrogen bonded and proton transfer complexes of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine-N-oxide with trifluoroacetic and 2-methylphenyloxyacetic acids are defined by 1 configuration, acid strength and solvent polarity. The structure of 1 and its complexes upon transition to solution was determined using FTIR spectroscopy.

Effect of protonation on the structure of 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8] dodecane (TATD) adamanzane: Crystal structure and DFT analysis of 3,6,8-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8]dodecane 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol

The reaction between 1,3,6,8-tetraazatricyclo[4.4.1.13,8]dodecane (TATD) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) under solvent-free conditions results in the formation of a proton transfer (PT) complex, (TATD)+(4-NP)−·4-NP, (3). This is the first crystal structure of a PT complex of TATD, whose structure is stabilized by N+–H⋯O and O−⋯H–O hydrogen bonds. The characterization was performed using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. From X-ray diffraction data collected at 173(2) K, it is concluded that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system (C2/c space group) containing one 4-nitrophenolate anion and one neutral 4-nitrophenol molecule. The stoichiometry of the proton transfer species in DMSO-d 6 solution is in agreement with the structural data. A combined theoretical and experimental correlation of the structural parameters of free and protonated TATD are in good agreement. The discrepancies in the C–C bond distances between the experimental and calculated results can be attributed to hyper-conjugative interactions and electron delocalization.

Experimental and computational studies on creatininium 4-nitrobenzoate - An organic proton transfer complex

A new organic proton transfer complex of creatininium 4-nitrobenzoate (C4NB) has been synthesized and its single crystals were grown successfully by slow evaporation technique. The grown single crystal was subjected to various characterization techniques like single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), FTIR, FT-Raman and Kurtz-Perry powder second harmonic generation (SHG). The SCXRD analysis revealed that C4NB was crystallized into orthorhombic crystal system, with noncentrosymmetric (NCS), P212121 space group. The creatininium cation and 4-nitrobenzoate anion were connected through a pair of N__H⋯O hydrogen bonds (N(3)__H(6) ⋯ O(3) (x+1, y, z) and N(2)__H(5) &ctdot O(2) (x-1/2, -y-1/2, -z+2)) and fashioned a R22(8) ring motif. The crystal structure was stabilized by strong N__H⋯O and weak C__H⋯O intermolecular interactions and it was quantitatively analysed by Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint (FP) analysis. FTIR and FT-Raman studies confirmed the vibrational modes of functional groups present in C4NB compound indubitably. SHG efficiency of grown crystal was 4.6 times greater than that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) material. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) studies such as Mulliken charge distribution, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map, natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) and first order hyperpolarizability (β0) were calculated to explore the structure-property relationship.

Spectral analysis and DFT computations of the hydrogen bonded complex between 2,6-diaminopyridine with 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol in different solvents

New hydrogen bonded complex between 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP), proton donor with the proton acceptor 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) has been synthesized and characterized in solution and solid state by different spectroscopic techniques. Electronic spectra were used to identify the novel proton transfer complex through appearance of new absorption bands in acetonitrile (CH3CN), methanol (CH3OH) and mixture composed from 1:1 methanol and acetonitrile (AN-Me). The complex stoichiometry was determined to be 1:1 by job's method and photometric titrations. The formation constant was determined by applying minimum-maximum absorbances method where it reached high values confirming the complex high stability. A spectroscopic method for determining DAP was presented and validated statistically. The solid complex was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and 1H NMR studies where the hydrogen bonded reaction occurs between the phenolic OH with the pyridine ring nitrogen as well as one amino group of DNP. The density functional theory DFT (B3LYP) method has been used to energy optimization of the reactants and complex in the ground state using two basis sets 6-31G(d) and 6–31 G+(d,p). The first one led to energy optimized structure through bifurcated hydrogen bond between OH of DCNP with the ring nitrogen and one amino group of DAP with optimization energy −1998.7 Hartree. The second one gave an optimized structure thought hydrogen bonding between OH and one amino group with lowered optimization energy −2018.1 Hartree. Hence, the experimental results will be simulated with the most stable one at DFT/B3LYB 6-31G+ (d,p). The most reactive electrophilic and nucleophilic sites of DCNP and DAP were predicted using the molecular electrostatic potential. The theoretical electronic spectra in the gas phase and the investigated solvents were calculated at TD-DFT/B3LYP 6-31G+ (d,p) and compared with measured electronic spectra where a satisfactory results have been obtained. An important aim of this work is analysis of the interaction energies between the filled natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and the empty ones in order to shed the light on the ease of electron delocalization among bonds in the novel hydrogen bonded complex.

Kinetic characteristics of the destruction of β,β-annelated porphyrazines in a nitrogen-containing base–dimethylsulfoxide system

The state of tetra(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)porphyrazine in a dimethyl sulfoxide medium is investigated. Relatively high stability is observed for the resulting proton-transfer complex, and a chemical structure is proposed for it. It is shown that the nature of the substituent in the porphyrazine macrocycle influences the kinetic parameters of the destruction of tetra(1,2,5-thiadiazolo)porphyrazine, tetra(5-tert-butylpyrazino) porphyrazine, octaethyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine, and octaphenyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine in a nitrogen-containing base–dimethylsulfoxide system. The effect the NH acidity of the porphyrazine macrocycle and the nature of the nitrogenous bases have on the reaction rate and activation parameters of the destruction of β,β-annelated porphyrazine proton-transfer complexes is established.

Synthesis, growth, characterisation and laser damage threshold studies of N,N-dimethylanilinium-3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate crystal: An efficient SHG material for electro-optic applications

An NLO active organic proton transfer complex salt, N,N-Dimethylanilinium-3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate has been synthesized and single crystals grown by slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique at ambient temperature. The synthesized salt was characterized by Uv–visible absorption, UV–vis–NIR transmission spectral studies and elemental analysis. The formation of the salt and the crystal structure have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the title crystal belongs to monoclinic crystal system with the non-centrosymmetric space group, Pc. The FT-IR spectrum was recorded to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The molecular structure of the crystal was further confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The TG/DTA analyses were carried out to establish the thermal stability of the title crystal. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been studied as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The presence of SHG and its conversion efficiency was measured by employing the modified Kurtz and Perry powder technique. The laser damage threshold value of the title crystal was determined using a Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.