Protein Source Research Articles

Co-fermentation of hot-pressed rapeseed meal with multiple strains and cellulase: Evaluating changes in protein quality and metabolite profiles

Hot-pressed rapeseed meal (RSM) is rich in resources, but high fiber content and low protein utilization result from high temperature processing. This study aims to obtain a high-quality protein source through the fermentation of hot-pressed RSM. We used Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs to optimize parameters for solid state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis strain 5, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. Under the optimum conditions, the synergistic fermentation with multiple strains and cellulase significantly reduced anti-nutritional factors in hot-pressed RSM, while also increasing protein solubility, digestibility and extraction rate by 466.80%, 45.56% and 816.44%, respectively. 77 enzymes secreted by fermentation strains were identified in fermented hot-pressed RSM, which were mainly involved in the metabolism of proteins, peptides and amino acids (28.6%), energy (28.5%), carbohydrates (13.0%) and lipids (5.2%). Non-targeted metabonomics identified 1245 differential metabolites, with the top five being peptides and amino acids, lipids, heterocyclic compounds, alkaloids, and organic acids. These differential metabolites enhanced the nutritional, functional and flavor properties of fermented hot-pressed RSM. Among them, 702 differential metabolites were enriched into metabolic pathways, with the largest number of pathways associated with amino acid metabolism. These results hold important implications for understanding the quality of fermented hot pressed RSM.

The digestibility, bioavailability, and utilisation of varied combined protein sources in older men

The digestibility, bioavailability, and utilisation of varied combined protein sources in older men

Influence of the inclusion of soaked and peeled jack bean meals in the broiler ration on internal vital organs, digestive tract organs, and intestinal villi morphology

ABSTRACT. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) is a potential alternative protein source to replace soybean meal in local feed formulations. While jack beans are high in protein, their high levels of anti-nutritional factors limit their use. Identifying effective processing techniques to improve the quality of jack beans is therefore essential. This study examines the effects of incorporating soaked and peeled jack bean meal into broiler diets on internal organs, digestive organs, and intestinal villi morphology. The jack beans were processed by soaking for 3 hours, peeling, oven drying, and grinding into meal form. A completely randomized design was used, with three levels of processed jack bean inclusion (0% JBM0, 5% JBM5, and 10% JBM10), each replicated six times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc Tukey test for significant findings. The results indicated that soaking for 3 hours and peeling effectively lowered the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content from 207.61 ppm to 51.21 ppm. The inclusion of processed jack bean meal had no significant impact (P>0.05) on internal organs, digestive tract organs, or intestinal villi morphology. These findings suggest that processed jackbean meal can replace soybean meal in poultry feed at levels up to 10% without adverse effects on internal organs.

Effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder supplementation on growth performance, haematobiochemical parameters and gene expression profile of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis

Moringa oleifera is a popular edible protein source due to its high concentration of micronutrients, macronutrients, and antioxidants. The present study investigated the effects of M. oleifera leaf at various levels on the growth performance, haematobiochemical response, and SOD2 and HSP70 gene expression of Heteropneustes fossilis for 90 days. The fish were randomly distributed into 12 glass aquaria (66×36×36 cm) at 50 fish/aquarium in triplicate treatments Four dietary groups were used to feed the H. fossilis, each group containing graded levels of M. oleifera leaf meal (0, 10 %, 20 %, and 40 %) with a basal diet. It was observed that H. fossilis fed a diet supplemented with 10 % MOLM produced the highest final weight, specific growth rate, condition factor, and survivability. Hemoglobin and red blood cell levels were significantly higher in the fish treatment fed with a 10 % M. oleifera diet compared to the other treatments. Significantly lower levels of ALT and AST were detected in the fish that were fed a diet containing 10 % MOLM. Frequencies of ECA and ENA were significantly higher at 40 % M. oleifera inclusion. The relative mRNA expression profile of SOD2 and HSP70 gene were significantly higher at 10 % MOLM supplementation diet in comparison to the control group. The results of the PCA showed that adding 10 % MOLM supplementation had a beneficial effect on the nutritional and haematobiochemical parameters. Overall, it can be stated that 10 % MOLM treated with basal diet as a supplement on stinging catfish have positive impact on growth performance, haematobiochemical response, and immune gene expression.

Effect of the WHEY protein on pregnancyneonatal outcomes and prophylactic effect on fetal growth restriction cases: A randomized clinical trial

Background: WHEY protein is a high-quality protein source that is easily absorbed and utilized by the body. It has a beneficial effect on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the impact of WHEY protein on pregnancy-neonatal outcomes and its prophylactic effect on Fetal growth restriction (FGR) cases. Patients and methods: This study was a prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial conducted on 300 pregnant females from attendees of obstetrics and gynecology clinics of Al Azhar University Hospitals. They were randomly divided into two groups: Case group: The intervention group (150 cases) received a daily WHEY protein supplement containing 25 grams of protein, and the Control Group: 150 cases received a placebo supplement. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding demographic criteria (P>0.01), and the prevalence of FGR was (20% vs 18.75) in the studied groups. According to fetal biometry at birth, there was no statistically significant difference regarding sonographic parameters between the appropriate gestational age (AGA) in the studied groups (P>0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding complete blood parameters, platelets, or PTT (P>0.01). There was a highly statistically significant difference regarding PT between the studied groups (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding liver and kidney function tests (P>0.01). There was a highly statistically significant difference regarding total proteins and serum calcium between the studied groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: WHEY protein supplementation did not affect fetal growth, but it improved some maternal parameters, such as total protein and PT.

Modification of pepper seed protein isolate to improve its functional characteristic by high hydrostatic pressure

Pepper seed protein isolate (PSPI) is a valuable plant-based protein source, yet the impact of processing methods such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on its properties remains unclear. The impact of HHP on the structural and functional properties of PSPI at pH 7 and pH 9 was evaluated. Structural changes in PSPI were analyzed using spectral techniques, revealing significant alterations in the secondary and tertiary structures induced by HHP treatment. HHP treatment caused the unfolding of the PSPI structure, leading to the exposure of previously hidden chromophores and hydrophobic groups. The treatment also led to changes in free sulfhydryl groups and increased average particle size suggesting the formation of macromolecular polymers or insoluble aggregates. Consequently, the water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, foaming characteristics, and emulsifying activity index of the modified PSPI were significantly enhanced both at pH 7 and pH 9, with maximum improvements of 121.98 %, 157.29 %, 100.00 %, and 265.78 %, respectively. In conclusion, HHP is a promising strategy for enhancing the physicochemical properties of PSPI for various applications.

Nutritional Profile and Antibacterial Activity of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Potential Protein Source for Aquafeeds

Nutritional Profile and Antibacterial Activity of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Potential Protein Source for Aquafeeds

High dietary Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal compromises growth performance, carcass traits, haemato-biochemistry, and meat quality of broilers.

Usage of soyabean meal (SBM) in broiler diets is economically and environmentally unsustainable thus necessitating investigation of alternative protein sources. Therefore, this study investigated effects of incremental inclusion levels of Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal (MSM) for partial substitution of SBM in broiler diets. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 400day-old Ross 308 chicks were allotted to 5 iso-caloric-nitrogenous MSM-containing (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated 8 times, with each pen having 10 birds, during starter (d1 - 14), grower (d15 - 28), and finisher (d29 - 42) phases. Results showed that dietary MSM decreased feed intake (FI: quadratic: P < 0.001), body weight gain (BWG: linear: P < 0.001), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE: linear: P < 0.001) as it linearly decreased slaughter weight (SW: P < 0.001), hot carcass weight (HCW: P < 0.001), cold carcass weight (CCW: P < 0.001), dressing percentage (P < 0.001), and breast weight (P < 0.05). In contrast, dietary MSM linearly increased the weights of the liver (P < 0.01), proventriculus (P < 0.001), gizzard (P < 0.001), duodenum (P = 0.01), jejunum (P < 0.001), ileum (P < 0.001), caecum (P < 0.01), and colon (P < 0.01). Also, dietary MSM quadratically increased blood heterophils (P < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) of the chickens whilst linearly increasing their serum amylase (P = 0.001) and lipase (P = 0.001) activities and linearly decreasing their serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA: P = 0.001) and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Further, dietary MSM linearly decreased chicken breast meat ultimate pH (P < 0.05) whilst linearly increasing its cooking loss (P < 0.01), drip loss (P < 0.05) and shear force (P < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary MSM compromised growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broilers as it increased the weights of their digestive-metabolic organs.

Functionality enhancement of pea protein isolate through cold plasma modification for 3D printing application

Pea protein isolate (PPI) is a valued sustainable protein source, but its relatively poor functional properties limit its applications. This study reports on the effects of cold argon plasma (CP) treatment of a 15 % (w/w) PPI solution on the functionality, structure, and oxidative characteristics of PPI, as well as its application in 3D-printed plant-based meat. Results indicate that hydroxyl radicals and high-energy excited-state argon atoms are the primary active substances. A decrease in free sulfhydryl content and an increase in carbonyl content were observed in treated PPI, indicating oxidative modification. Compared to the control group, the gel strength of PPI was increased by 62.5 % and the storage modulus was significantly improved after 6 min treatment, forming a more ordered and highly cross-linked 3D gel network. Additionally, CP significantly improved the water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, emulsifying activity, and emulsion stability of PPI. The α-helix and random coil content in PPI decreased, while the β-sheet content increased, resulting in a more ordered secondary structure after CP treatment. Compared to untreated PPI, the consistency coefficient (K) increased from 36.00 to 47.68 Pa·sn. The treated PPI exhibited higher apparent viscosity and storage modulus and demonstrated better 3D printing performance and self-supporting ability. This study demonstrates that CP can significantly enhance the functional properties of PPI, providing great potential and prospects for improving the printability of 3D printing materials and developing plant protein foods with low-allergenicity.

Knowledge of and Willingness to Consume Insects as an Alternative Protein Source Among College Students in the Midwest

Knowledge of and Willingness to Consume Insects as an Alternative Protein Source Among College Students in the Midwest

Lactational performance of dairy buffaloes affected by replacing soybean meal with an alternative microbial protein source

Thirty dairy buffaloes were used for 90 days to evaluate the impact of a novel protein source (HI-PRO®), a feed alternative rich in protein (made from Saccharomyces and Bacillus), on the productivity of nursing buffaloes. The nursing water buffaloes had an average weight of 550 ± 11.2 kg. The treatments consisted of diets containing two distinct protein sources: (1) soybean meal (44 % as the control group); and (2) HI-PRO® product. Throughout the trial, measurements of nutritional digestibility and blood metabolites (total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine) were conducted. Quantity and composition of the milk were measured to determine the content of milk proteins, lipids, and lactose. The outcome of the results showed insignificant decrease in the buffaloes receiving HI-PRO® feed versus control group. Furthermore, there was enhancement in the fiber digestibility by approximately 2.5 % in the HI-PRO® group compared to the control group. The levels of protein, albumin, globulin, urea, and creatinine fall within the normal range for animals in good health. Using HI-PRO® resulted in a marginal improvement in milk production, increasing it by approximately 4.8 % compared to soybean meal. Furthermore, the buffaloes fed HI-PRO® showed a slightly elevated 4 % fat-corrected milk output and milk composition. To summarize, nursing buffaloes can utilize HI-PRO® as an efficient protein source in their diets, replacing soybean meal.

Productive, internal organ and intestinal histomorphological characteristics of broiler chickens in response to dietary rapeseed meal: A meta-analysis.

The use of rapeseed as a source of protein in broiler chicken diets has been highlighted. However, there are inconsistent findings on the performance data of broiler chickens fed rapeseed meal (RSM). Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to resolve the inconsistent findings on the effect of RSM on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens, identify knowledge gaps and create new insights using published data. Fourteen studies on the topic were identified via a systematic search performed on bibliographic databases, and the data generated was analysed using OpenMEE software. A random-effects model was used, and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using broiler strains, inclusion levels, processing methods, rearing phases and sex as moderators. In comparison with the controls, the results showed that RSM decreased feed intake (SMD = -0.29; 95% Cl: -0.41, -0.18; p < 0.001), average daily gain (SMD = -0.48; 95% Cl: -0.63, -0.32; p < 0.001), and liver weight (SMD = 1.24; 95% Cl: 0.78, 1.71; p < 0.001), but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (SMD = 0.10; 95% Cl: -0.05, 0.23; p = 0.19). Likewise, broiler chickens fed RSM had significantly reduced carcass yield, weights of thigh, abdominal fat and heart when compared with the control. Results indicate that duodenum villus height (DVH) and jejunum villus height (JVH)/crypt depth (CD) ratios were improved in broiler chickens fed RSM. Meta-regression revealed that the analysed moderators are significant predictors of feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary RSM negatively influenced growth performance, liver weight and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens, but improved aspects of intestinal histomorphology traits. Therefore, innovative research on processing methods that will improve the feeding value of rapeseed meal in broiler chickens is recommended.

Revolutionizing food security: The transformative role of fungi in the 21st century

With increasing global population density and climate change, the sustainability of food production poses new challenges. These are factors such as food inflation, climate change, natural disasters, and diseases affecting crops among others. Consequently, fungi have evolved as a pillar of ecological agriculture in the twenty-first century. Some of the diverse applications of fungi include biological control, synthesis of antifungal compounds, symbiotic relationship with plants, and enhancement of soil structure. They also function as decomposers in ensuring nutrient availability in the soil, and as biostimulants to enhance plants’ growth, plant disease management and enhanced resistance to abiotic stressors such as water scarcity, and salinity and mitigate the impact of climate change. Furthermore, fungi play other important roles in food security, such as in the processing of various foods including cheese, bread, fermented products and other sources of protein, vitamins, and dietary fiber, while foods of fungi origin prevent lifestyle diseases. New approaches in fungal biotechnology present the hope of eliminating hunger and malnutrition through food production, preservation, and packaging among others. Although, challenges persist in the management of pathogenic fungi in agriculture, however, it is important to leverage the beneficial role of fungi and encourage further exploration of its transformative potential towards a secured global food security.

Dietary inclusion of white lupine seeds and their byproducts in rabbits can contribute to EU agricultural sustainability: a review

This review explores the potential of white lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) as a sustainable protein source for rabbit nutrition and examines their effects on growth performance, carcass traits, health status, milk yield, milk composition and nutrient availability. The dietary inclusion of white lupin seeds leads to comparable or superior growth, milk yield, milk composition, nutrient digestibility and digestive health of rabbits, as well as meat quality and carcass outcomes relative to traditionally used protein sources for feeding rabbits, such as soybean meal and sunflower meal. Studies also show that it is possible to use white lupin byproducts, such as the hull and bran, for rabbit diets, which can be convenient in terms of providing an adequate supply of lignocellulose and enhancing the sustainability of rabbit feed, promoting circular economy principles. The cultivation of white lupin can contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of synthetic fertiliser. Future research should focus on breeding improvements and comprehensive environmental assessments of white lupin seeds to maximise the benefits of white lupin for rabbit nutrition. These findings support the role of white lupin as a viable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional protein sources, such as soybean meal, which could support productivity and sustainability in rabbit farming.

Investigating cold plasma jet effectiveness for eggshell surface decontamination

Ensuring the safety of eggs, a valuable source of high-quality protein and essential vitamins, is critical to prevent foodborne illness. Cold plasma, an emerging green technology, generates various reactive species that effectively inactivate microorganisms, attracting global attention for its potential in food safety. This study aims to explore the application of cold plasma as a chemical-free, non-thermal approach for decontaminating egg surfaces and to assess its potential as an alternative to conventional egg-washing methods. Various operation conditions of a cold plasma jet device, including power levels (300–400 W), exposure times (20–60 s), distances between the nozzle and eggshell (1–3 cm), airflow rates (30–35 L/min), and feed gases (nitrogen, air (20 %–65 % relative humidity), helium and air mixtures), were examined to decontaminate hen eggshells inoculated with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica bacteria. The results showed a maximum log reduction and deactivation efficiency of 1.94 and 98.74 % for E. coli, and 1.11 and 92.20 % for Salmonella, after a 60 s treatment of egg surface using a cold plasma device set at 1 cm distance, 400 W power, and 35 L/min airflow with 65 % relative humidity. Moreover, our findings indicated no significant differences in egg quality, eggshell cuticle chemical composition, and cuticle coverage between untreated eggs and those treated with cold plasma. This suggests the potential of this non-chemical, non-thermal emerging technique to be commercialized as a substitute for conventional washing methods.

Spirulina protein concentrate hydrogel reinforced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and hydroxychloroquin: A novel platform for bone regeneration

Among the fabrication methods, hydrogels have received significant attention due to their excellent ability to mimic the extracellular matrix structure. Spirulina is a type of unicellular blue-green algae. It is an excellent source of protein and a wide variety of other nutrients. Hydroxychloroquin (HCQ) reduces bone resorption and osteoclasts growth. This study hypothesized that the hydrogel, which is composed of Spirulina protein cross-linked by transglutaminase and reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles loaded with HCQ, could potentially aid in bone regeneration. The protein from Spirulina was extracted using the probe sonication method. Afterwards, hydrogels were prepared by incorporating the Spirulina protein with gelatin and cross-linked with varying percentages of transglutaminase. HCQ-loaded HAP nanoparticles were used to enhance not only the mechanical properties of the hydrogels but also to stimulate bone mineralization. Hydrogels were studied for their mechanical and rheological properties in vitro, as well as their ability to swell, break down, injectability, and release HCQ. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and bone mineralization on MG-63 osteoblast cells were also studied using Alizarine red and alkaline phosphatase markers. The loading efficiency of HCQ in HAP nanoparticles was about 97 %. The HCQ release rate from hydrogel containing HAP was 85 % in 9 hours. The tensile strength and injectability force of the optimized hydrogel were in the range of 530.75 KPa and 21 N, respectively. The results showed that hydrogels made with 10 % protein, 150 units of transglutaminase, 6 % gelatin, and HAP loaded with HCQ had the best cell behavior and improved markers of bone regeneration. The promising results obtained suggest that the prepared hydrogel may act as a suitable construct for accelerating bone regeneration.

Growth performance, cost benefit analysis, haematology and serum biochemistry of finisher broilers fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance, cost benefit analysis, haematology and serum biochemistry of finisher broiler chickens. One hundred and forty four (144) day-old were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments group of 3 birds per group each after 3 weeks brooding. Each replicate had 12 birds. The birds in T1 (control) group were offered a basal diet only; the T2 were given basal diet with 300g of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in 100kg of feed; T3 were given basal diet with 500g of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in 100kg of feed; T4 were given basal diet with 700g of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in 100kg of feed. The experiment lasted till the birds were 56 days of age. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake of the birds and body weight gain. The hematological parameters measured differ significantly. Alanine transaminase (ALT) differed among the dietary treatments. Significant differences were observed in the other serum biochemical indices measured. Cost incurred per kilogram weight gain was higher for birds on Moringa diets than birds on the control diet. The results of this study indicate that Moringa oleifera leaf meal significantly (P&lt;0.05) enhanced growth performance - weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, in the treated birds compared to the control group with the best result at level 700 g inclusion. Feeding the birds with Moringa oleifera leaf meal brought about changes in the serum biochemical parameters but without any deleterious effect on them and should be considered as a good source of protein in livestock nutrition.

A comparison of animal and plant-based proteins from an economic, environmental, and nutritional perspective in the Republic of Ireland

CONTEXTProtein is a central component of health and nutrition. The current protein production system is unlikely to sustainably meet the growing global demand for protein. Therefore, alternative sources of protein must be considered. OBJECTIVEThis study uniquely compares animal-based (milk, beef meat, sheep meat) and plant-based (cereals and legumes) protein production in terms of land usage. The comparison is carried out across a suite of economic, environmental, and nutritional metrics. As land use decisions are taken at the farm level, the analysis adopts a farm gate approach. Focusing on the supply side, consumption is not considered in the analysis. METHODSEconomic performance is measured through the gross and net margins. Environmental performance is evaluated through farm-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) balances. Nutritional performance is measured through the gross protein yield, the protein yield corrected for digestibility and land-use efficiency, i.e., the land needed to generate one kg of (digestible) protein. Results are expressed per hectare and per 100 g of gross and digestible protein to allow for a holistic comparison. The analysis focuses on the Republic of Ireland, a relevant country given the importance of the strong agricultural export focus, the dominance of the livestock sector and the country's ambitious environmental emission reduction targets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate that, on a per hectare basis, milk production on dairy farms has the strongest economic performance and highest GHG emissions amongst the products considered. Crops' gross and net margins are less than half that of dairy farms, but they also show the strongest environmental performance generally. Cereals and legumes have the best nutritional performance, from a protein perspective, whereas sheep meat production returned the lowest gross and digestible protein yields per hectare. Arable crops also show the lowest GHG emissions and nutrient balances on a per unit of protein basis. SIGNIFICANCELand-use policies need to be designed holistically, given the complexity of the agricultural sector. Agricultural policy design currently focuses on income support and on the environmental impact of the agricultural sector, but farmers' livelihood and food and protein security need to be safeguarded. Diversifying agricultural production and increasing plant-based protein production in Ireland, a country with a livestock-focused agricultural sector, could contribute to achieving the climate change targets of the country, provided the necessary policy levers are in place.

Transcriptome Responses in Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Associated with Regrowth Process in Different Grazing Intensities.

Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), a perennial legume, is generally regarded as a valuable source of protein for livestock and is subjected to long and repeated grazing in natural pastures. Studying the molecular response mechanism of alfalfa under different grazing treatments is crucial for understanding its adaptive traits and is of great significance for cultivating grazing-tolerant grass. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to investigate changes in the gene expression of M. sativa under three grazing intensities. In total, 4184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the tested grazing intensities. The analysis of gene ontology (GO) revealed that genes were primarily enriched in cells, cellular processes, metabolic processes, and binding. In addition, two pathways, the plant-pathogen interaction pathway and the plant hormone signal pathway, showed significant enrichment in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein kinases and transcription factors associated with hormones and plant immunity were identified. The plant immunity-related genes were more activated under high grazing treatment, while more genes related to regeneration were expressed under light grazing treatment. These results suggest that M. sativa exhibits different strategies to increase resilience and stress resistance under various grazing intensities. Our findings provide important clues and further research directions for understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to grazing.

Unlocking therapeutic potential of Shimbi Dhanya for Human Wellness

Ayurveda is the science of life that aims to maintain health in a healthy person and cure the diseased person. Food (ahara) is the foremost among these three pillars of ayurveda (Trisutra ) for obtaining longitivity of life. Among various ancient literature available including Bhavprakash in 16th century has mentioned shimbidhanya (pulses) in Dhanyavargah (group of grains). Shimbidhanya varga (group of legumes and pulses) includes mudga, masha, rajamasha, Kulatthah etc. Shimbidhanya (pulses) are also known as vaidala (dicotyledons) and this category of pulses are the main source of proteins for vegetarians. Thie present study aims to evaluate the enlisted shimbidhanya (pulses) for their ayurvedic properties in relation to phytoconstituents and therapeutic uses and their role in longevity of life.