Seminal Plasma Protein Profile Research Articles

Electrophoretic Protein Profiles of Seminal Plasma and their Correlation with Fresh Semen Quality in Indonesia Toraya Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanesis) Bulls

Electrophoretic Protein Profiles of Seminal Plasma and their Correlation with Fresh Semen Quality in Indonesia Toraya Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanesis) Bulls

Seminal plasma protein profiles based on molecular weight from different bull breeds as a potential ovulatory induction factor

Seminal plasma is a specific biochemical compound that affects fertility. This study attempts to characterize bull breeds’ seminal plasma (SP) proteins with possible ovulatory induction factor (OIF) activity. The breed samples originated from Friesian Holstein (FH), Belgian Blue Cross (BBx), and Ongole Grade (OG). Centrifug the sperm for 30 minutes at 12,000 rpm. The sample was collected, placed in a microtube, and stored at -20°C. The measurement of protein concentration was done using a Nano-Drop 2000 spectrophotometer. Protein separation was performed using 1D-SDS-PAGE to characterize the protein according to its molecular weight (MW). Protein markers were used to identify the MW proteins, and the acrylamide gels were colored with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Total protein bands were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, and the identification protein was analyzed descriptively. Proteins of 49-41 kDa and 15-11 kDa were significantly different between breeds (p0.05), while the majority of the MW ranges were not (p>0.05). The proteins with MWs of 22–33 kDa were found to be most commonly in all breeds correlated as potential proteins of OIF. In conclusion, seminal plasma protein was quite varied among the bull breeds. Further research needs to be conducted to obtain the protein from OIF.

The Application of Ejaculate-Based Shotgun Proteomics for Male Infertility Screening.

Problems with the male reproductive system are of both medical and social significance. As a rule, spermatozoa and seminal plasma proteomes are investigated separately to assess sperm quality. The current study aimed to compare ejaculate proteomes with spermatozoa and seminal plasma protein profiles regarding the identification of proteins related to fertility scores. A total of 1779, 715, and 2163 proteins were identified in the ejaculate, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa, respectively. Among these datasets, 472 proteins were shared. GO enrichment analysis of the common proteins enabled us to distinguish biological processes such as single fertilization (GO:0007338), spermatid development (GO:0007286), and cell motility (GO:0048870). Among the abundant terms for GO cellular components, zona pellucida receptor complex, sperm fibrous sheath, and outer dense fiber were revealed. Overall, we identified 139 testis-specific proteins. For these proteins, PPI networks that are common in ejaculate, spermatozoa, and seminal plasma were related to the following GO biological processes: cilium movement (GO:0003341), microtubule-based movement (GO:0007018), and sperm motility (GO:0097722). For ejaculate and spermatozoa, they shared 15 common testis-specific proteins with spermatogenesis (GO:0007283) and male gamete generation (GO:0048232). Therefore, we speculated that ejaculate-based proteomics could yield new insights into the peculiar reproductive physiology and spermatozoa function of men and potentially serve as an explanation for male infertility screening.

Seminal Plasma Proteins Associated with The Fertility of Brahman Bulls in The Colombian Low Tropics.

The sperm interacts with seminal plasma proteins during its transport through the female reproductive tract to reach the oocyte. Seminal plasma proteins have been associated as biomarkers of fertility in bovine males, while two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions (2D-PAGE) is a useful technique for their separation, allowing their subsequent analysis with the aid of specialised software. Brahman bulls are known for their tolerance to tropical conditions such as low-quality pastures, high temperatures, and relative humidity as well as moderate resistance to infestations by parasites and insects. The present study describes the two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of the seminal plasma proteins in the rainy and dry seasons, associating them with the fertility of Brahman bulls in the Colombian Orinoquía in a 90-days breeding season and a single-sire mating system (1 bull per 50 Brahman cows) with 60 consecutive days of rest. The fertility-related seminal plasma protein spots increased in the dry season. Likewise, a meaningful relationship was found between the protein spots that possibly coincide with the Binder of Sperm Proteins. It was also found that bulls with the highest percentages of pregnancy also had similarities in their 2D seminal plasma maps. We conclude that the seminal plasma protein profile of Brahman bulls raised in the Colombian low tropic changes between rainy and dry seasons, and such changes may influence the reproductive performance of those animals.

Seminal plasma protein profiles and testosterone levels as biomarker semen quality of candidate Madura bulls.

This study aims to determine the protein profile based on molecular weight (MW) and testosterone levels in seminal plasma (SP) that correlates to the semen quality of candidate Madura bulls. A total of 10 male candidate madura bulls underwent semen evaluation (motility, viability, membrane plasma integrity (MPI), and sperm concentration). The centrifuge was run at 1,200 rpm (4°C) for 20 min to collect SP. SP testosterone levels were measured using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The characterization of SP proteins in Madura bulls was done using 1D sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. All parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The results of the SDS-PAGE analysis found eight protein bands with the highest MW of 110 kDa and the lowest of 12 kDa. The mean and SD of SP testosterone levels were 20.58 ± 8.56 ng/ml, motility 59.32% ± 20.14%, viability 67.45% ± 20.22%, MPI 32.77% ± 16.52%, and sperm concentration 1,002.64 ± 429.33 106/mm3. Proteins with MWs of 110 and 91 kDa significantly correlated with MPI, and 110 kDa negatively correlated with sperm concentration (p < 0.05). Proteins with MWs of 73 and 36 kDa significantly correlated with SP testosterone levels, while proteins with MWs of 29 kDa significantly correlated with sperm viability (p < 0.05). The expressed protein fraction based on MW is closely related to the quality of semen, so it has the potential to be a biomarker of semen quality. Further research is needed to determine the specific proteins in certain fractions.

Supplementation effect of dietary flaxseed and coconut oil on antioxidant enzyme activities, LPO seminal plasma protein profiling in adult ram

Energy based diet supplementation is responsible for body growth and plays a significant role to improve spermatogenesis, semen quality, fertility and influence livestock production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary flaxseed and coconut oil supplementation on semen profile, hormone level, testicular biometry, antioxidant enzyme activity and seminal plasma protein in adult rams. A total number of nine rams (Bannur crossbred rams, aged 20–23 months) were divided into three groups and each group consisted of three rams. The sheep of the control were fed a diet consisting of concentrate mixture and ragi straw in a ratio of 50:50, respectively as per ICAR 2013 standard. The sheep of the coconut oil supplemented group were fed the same basal diet as that of the control group; additionally they were supplemented with coconut oil @ 5 g/100 g concentrate mixture. The sheep of flaxseed oil supplemented group were fed the same basal diet as that of the control group, additionally they were supplemented with flaxseed oil @ 5 g/100 g concentrate mixture. A total of 45 semen samples (5 collections from each ram), were collected through electro-ejaculator method (twice in a week and in 3 days interval). The volume, initial motility, mass motility, live and dead percentage, concentration, acrosome intactness and functional membrane integrity were assessed in fresh semen. Sperm velocity and motility parameters were assessed using CASA. Antioxidant enzyme activities, LPO and seminal plasma protein profiling were estimated in seminal plasma. The results indicated that rams fed with oils (treatment groups) produced semen with higher volume, sperm concentrations, with improved membrane and acrosome integrities. The antioxidant enzyme activities were increased and the oxidative stress reduced as indicated by lowered MDA level in the treatment groups. However, the motility and velocity of spermatozoa did not improve although testosterone increased. Testicular biometric measurements did not differ between control and treatment groups. Marked changes were observed in the seminal plasma protein profile due to feeding of oils. The MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis revealed that the differentially expressed protein spots in the coconut oil group were Interleukin-2, Endothelin-1, Secreted phosphoprotein 24, Caveoilin-I, Interferon gamma and in flaxseed oil group were SRY protein. This study indicated that supplementation of flaxseed and coconut oil at 5% level to the rams improved the protective role against oxidative stress and induced over expression of certain seminal plasma proteins depending upon the oil fed.

Association of bull semen protein estimates and SDS-PAGE profiles on semen freezability

It is vital to identify the ejaculate with good freezability by determining the biochemical makeup of the ejaculate at the pre-freeze stage. The present study targeted to assess the use of the protein estimates and profiles at the pre-freeze stage as markers of freezability in Frieswal populations. Storing the proteins for proteomic studies is always tricky in the case of animal studies, where accessibility to liquid nitrogen is limited. Hence alternative storing approaches need to be optimized. The second part of this study examined the protein concentration and protein profiles of RNALater and frozen stored sperm cells to assess the use of RNALater preservation in sperm proteomic studies. Sperm and seminal plasma protein concentrations were quantified using Bradford assay, and total protein quantities were derived. The seminal plasma and sperm protein profiles were generated with SDS-PAGE. The protein estimates and SDS-PAGE profiles of good and poor freeze-groups were similar. Also, sperm and seminal plasma protein concentration were not correlated with the semen volume and sperm count. Even though the yield was comparatively less, the protein profiles of sperm preserved by RNALater were similar to that of frozen sperms. The present study results indicate that the protein estimates and qualitative profiles of sperm and seminal plasma proteins may not be sufficient to reveal the differences in the proteome of good and poor freezable bulls at the macro level. Hence, the protein estimates and profiles of neat semen may not be helpful for the prediction of freezability at the pre-freeze stage. Secondly, this study indicates that RNALater preservation helps store sperms for proteome analysis studies.

Use of biochemical and protein profiles of seminal plasma to prediction of semen quality and fertility in stallions.

The identification of various substances in seminal plasma has opened the way to study their functionality. It was aimed to identify the electrophoretic protein profile (EPP) and biochemical parameters (BP) of seminal plasma (SP) as predictors of semen quality and fertility in stallion. Forty-six ejaculates from 7 fertile stallions, aged between 6-26 years, were collected from May to July and 117 mares were used to obtain fertility data. For each ejaculate, volume, sperm motility, concentration were determined and seminal plasma samples were collected to perform one- -dimensional electrophoresis and biochemical profiling. Following the estrus detection, mares were inseminated with fresh sperm. Pregnancy rates and foal rates were recorded. The concentration of 15-18 kDa molecular weight (MW) proteins has shown a positive correlation with sperm concentration and foal rate. Besides, a strong positive correlation was found between sperm concentration and 23-28 kDa MW proteins (r=0.77). The volume of 19-22 kDa MW proteins was negatively correlated with pregnancy and foal rate. Similarly, the volume of high MW proteins (173-385 kDa) correlated negatively with sperm motility and foal rate. Apart from the protein profile, while Magnesium and Glucose levels were negatively correlated with sperm quality and foal rate, Cholesterol level was a positive indicator of the quality of semen as well as the foaling rate. Moreover, the total protein level was correlated negatively with the sperm concentration whereas triglyceride was correlated positively. In conclusion, EPP and BP of seminal plasma are valuable clinical tools as predictors of fertility and semen quality in the stallion.

The characteristics of proteome and metabolome associated with contrasting sperm motility in goat seminal plasma

Sperm motility is an index tightly associated with male fertility. A close relationship between seminal plasma and sperm motility has been confirmed. This study was to assess the protein and metabolite profiles of seminal plasma obtained from adult goats with high or low sperm motility using the proteomic and metabolomic strategies. In total, 2098 proteins were found. 449 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified, and 175 DAPs were enriched in the high motility group. The obtained DAPs primarily exist in cytoplasma and extra-cellular portion. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated the main functional roles of these DAPs in regulating biological process, metabolic process of organic substances, cellular-metabolic process, primary-metabolic process, metabolic process of nitrogen compounds, etc. Additionally, the Kyoto-Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DAPs were primarily involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, salivary secretion, proteasome, apoptosis, mitophagy-animal, etc. Aided by the parallel reaction monitoring technology, the abundance changing pattern of 19 selected DAPs was consistent with that of the corresponding proteins obtained by TMT. A total of 4603 metabolites were identified in seminal plasma. 1857 differential metabolites were found between the high motility group and the low motility group, and 999 metabolites were up-regulated in the high motility group. The KEGG analysis demonstrated the primary involvement of the differential metabolites in metabolic and synthetic activities. In conclusion, we first established the proteome and metabolome databank of goat seminal plasma, detecting some proteins and metabolites which may affect sperm motility. This study will be valuable for understanding mechanisms leading to poor sperm motility.

Fast protein liquid chromatography profiles of seminal plasma proteins in young bulls: A biomarker of sperm maturity?

Breeding companies want to use semen from bulls as soon as possible to take advantage of their desirable genetics. It takes several weeks for the sperm quality of young bulls to stabilize and for post-thaw sperm quality to become acceptable for artificial insemination. Seminal plasma proteins protect spermatozoa during cryopreservation; it may take some time for the seminal plasma protein profile to stabilize. The purpose of this study was to determine if the seminal plasma protein profile can be used as a marker of likely seminal maturity in young bulls. A comparison was made of the seminal plasma protein profile in the ejaculates of 10 bulls of 9-10 months old (Sample I), with the profiles from ejaculates taken from the same bulls at 13-16 months old (Sample II) using fast protein liquid chromatography. This is a method for separating classes of proteins according to their binding ability. The peak area and peak height of different classes of proteins did not differ significantly between the two samples for each bull, except for peak 5 (heparin-binding proteins) and total peak area (p<0.05). The heparin-binding protein peak height and area were significantly higher (p<0.05) in Sample II than in Sample I. In conclusion, levels of fertility associated heparin-binding proteins increase with age in young bulls and might serve as a biomarker of sperm maturity. .

Seminal plasma protein profile based on molecular weight and their correlation with semen quality of Simmental bull

Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) produces frozen semen that was taken from superior bull. The selection of superior bull was based on breeding soundness evaluation. This study is aimed to evaluating the correlation between the molecular weight (MW) of seminal plasma protein and semen quality of Simmental bulls. Semen ejaculates from nine Simmental Bulls, that belong to AIC of Central Java, at Ungaran, were collected by using an artificial vagina. The sub population of sperm in ejaculates was evaluated through macroscopically and microscopically, in which the semen then centrifugated 6500 rpm for 30 minutes. The supernatant was collected and inserted into mini straw and stored in liquid nitrogen container. The concentration of seminal plasma protein was determined by the Bradford method. The Bradford protocol of analysis was suitable with User Guide Coomasize (Bradford) Protein Assay Kit. Thermo Skanlt RE for Multiskan Go Software, 3.2 version was applied for analyzing of the data, and protein characterization used was 1D-SDS-PAGE. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue was used for coloring the gels, and the proteins MW was determined by MW markers. The result demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between protein concentration and semen quality (P&gt;0.05). Protein expressions based on MW were 62-48 kD, 100-71 kD found in this study. The analysis of correlation showed that the proteins with 100-71 kD MW correlated with sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and sperm concentration. Semen quality in all parameters was significant (P˂0.05 and P&gt;0.01) with 62-48 kD protein MW. The result concluded that seminal plasma protein had a correlation with semen quality and can be used as additional indicator for bull’s candidate selection.

Seminal Plasma Protein Profile in Indigenous Jacks

Seminal Plasma Protein Profile in Indigenous Jacks

Protein profile as a quality indicator of cryopreserved semen from Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between proteins in the seminal plasma of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) with seminal quality indicators after thawing. The semen was cryopreserved with a dilution based on BTS with 8% DMSO. A 200 µL sample of semen from each animal was diluted in 800 µL BTS, centrifuged at 800 rpm, and the supernatant was cryopreserved to further analyze of the protein profile of seminal plasma through one-dimensional electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After 15 days of cryopreservation, a cryopreserved semen straw was thawed to analyze both qualitative and quantitative parameters. When considering all collections, the SDS-PAGE identified 15 protein bands in the seminal plasma of tambaqui. When the interaction (presence or absence) between proteins observed in the seminal plasma and the post thawed spermatic parameters was evaluated, we observed a great influence of the presence of proteins on spermatic quality. A greater (P<0.05) fertilization rate was observed with the presence of proteins 12, 34, 44, 85, and 90 kDa. Proteins in seminal plasma of tambaqui influenced the spermatic quality after thawing, and thus, they can be utilized as an indicator of sperm quality, especially the proteins with a molecular weight ≤ 50 kDa.

27 Shotgun proteomics reveal seminal plasma proteomes are reflective of boar reproductive performance

Abstract Subfertile boars have a negative economic impact for producers and need to be identified before they enter the breeding herd. Current semen evaluation techniques are not able to identify all subfertile boars. Seminal plasma proteins are essential for normal sperm function and transport and play an important role in fertilization. We hypothesize that seminal plasma proteins affect fertility, and thus differences in protein profiles reflect differences in boar fertility. The objective of this study was to use LC-MS/MS for shotgun proteome analysis to investigate whether differences in boar fertility phenotype can be differentiated by seminal plasma protein expression. Following 50 single-sire matings, boars were categorized into one of four phenotypes: high farrowing rate and high total born (HFHB; n=9), high farrowing rate with low total born (HFLB; n=10), low farrowing rate and low total born (LFLB; n=9), and low farrowing rate with high total born (LFHB; n=4). There were 436 proteins measured in at least one sample across all animals. There were 245 high confidence proteins and 56 were differentially abundant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between the high fertility phenotype (HFHB) and at least one of the three subfertile groups. Proteins associated with fertility and free radical detoxification were more abundant in HFHB whereas subfertile phenotypes had a greater abundance of blood microparticle proteins, biomarkers of inflammation, and IMPA1, which regulates inositol production. Findings support that seminal plasma protein profiles are distinct between boars with different fertility phenotypes and have the potential to predict boar reproductive performance.

Vasectomy and Photoperiodic Regimen Modify the Protein Profile, Hormonal Content and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Ram Seminal Plasma.

This work aimed to determine the contribution of the testis and epididymis and the effect of the photoperiodic regimen on ram seminal plasma (SP). Semen was collected from 15 mature rams located in an equatorial (Colombian Creole and Romney Marsh, eight intact and two vasectomized) or a temperate climate (Rasa Aragonesa, three intact and two vasectomized). SP proteins were analyzed by Bradford, SDS-PAGE and difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE). Melatonin and testosterone concentrations were quantified by ELISA, and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD), and catalase by enzymatic assays. Vasectomy increased protein concentration and the intensity of high molecular weight bands (p < 0.001), with no differences between breeds. DIGE revealed the absence of six proteins in vasectomized rams: angiotensin-converting enzyme, lactotransferrin, phosphoglycerate kinase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase and epididymal secretory protein E1. Vasectomy also decreased melatonin concentrations in seasonal rams, and testosterone in all of them (p < 0.001), but did not affect antioxidant enzyme activity. Equatorial rams showed lower melatonin and testosterone concentration (p < 0.01) and catalase, but higher GPx activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, vasectomy modifies the protein profile and hormonal content of ram seminal plasma, whereas the exposure to a constant photoperiod affects hormonal concentration and antioxidant enzymes activity.

Seminal plasma protein profiles in young bulls at different ages

Seminal plasma protein profiles in young bulls at different ages

Shotgun proteome analysis of seminal plasma differentiate boars by reproductive performance

There is a need to identify subfertile boars before they enter into the breeding herd. Seminal plasma proteins are essential for normal sperm function and transport and play an important role in fertilization. The objective of this study was to use liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for shotgun proteome analysis to investigate whether differences in boar fertility phenotype can be differentiated by seminal plasma protein abundance. Following 50 breedings, boars were categorized into one of four phenotypes: high farrowing rate and total born (HFHB; n = 9), high farrowing rate with low total born (HFLB; n = 10), low farrowing rate and total born (LFLB; n = 9), and low farrowing rate with high total born (LFHB; n = 4) that were distinct (p < 0.05) from each other by these variables. There were 506 proteins measured in at least one sample across all animals. There were 245 high confidence proteins and 56 were differentially abundant between the high fertility phenotype (HFHB) and at least one of the three subfertile groups. Findings support that seminal plasma protein profiles are distinct between boars with different fertility phenotypes.

Effects of Organic Selenium on the Physiological Response, Blood Metabolites, Redox Status, Semen Quality, and Fertility of Rabbit Bucks Kept Under Natural Heat Stress Conditions.

Heat stress can impair the general health of rabbit bucks by disturbing physiological homeostasis with negative consequences in animal welfare and remarkable decline in reproductive performance. Selenium (Se) can control a number of vital biological processes. Thus, the effects of organic selenium (OSe) supplementation on the blood metabolites, redox status, semen quality, testicular histology, seminal plasma protein profile, and fertility of rabbit bucks kept under natural heat stress conditions were studied. Adult V-line male rabbits were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg OSe/kg dry matter (DM) diet (OSe, n = 9) or not (control, CON, n = 9) for 12 weeks. The results showed that rabbits fed the OSe diet had 73.68 and 68.75% higher (P < 0.05) OSe concentrations in the blood serum and seminal plasma, respectively, than rabbits fed the CON diet. The OSe diet significantly decreased the rectal temperature and respiration rate and significantly increased the blood serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, glucose, and glutathione peroxidase compared to the CON diet. Rabbits fed the OSe diet had lower reaction times (12.53 vs. 5.84 s, ± 0.79, P < 0.01) and higher total functional sperm counts (116.74 vs. 335.23 × 106/ml, ± 24.68, P < 0.001) and percentages of integrated sperm membranes (60.38 vs. 79.19%, ± 1.69, P < 0.01) than rabbits fed the CON diet. Rabbits fed the OSe diet had higher (P < 0.01) contents of seminal plasma total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, fructose, and total antioxidant capacity and lower (P < 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than those fed the CON diet. Rabbits fed the OSe diet had sperm cells with higher levels of integrated DNA than those fed the CON diet. The seminal plasma of rabbits fed the OSe diet contained four new proteins, with molecular weights of 19.0, 21.5, 30.0, and 44.0 kDa. The kindling rates, litter size, and weight at birth of females mated with males fed the OSe diet were significantly higher than those of females mated with males fed the CON diet. In summary, the inclusion of 0.3 mg OSe/kg DM diet of naturally heat-stressed rabbit bucks countered the negative impacts of elevated environmental temperature on physiological homeostasis, semen quality, and fertility.

Relationship between semen quality and seminal plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols and proteins in the domestic cat.

The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between specific seminal plasma components - cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerols (TAG) and total protein (PROT) concentrations - and semen quality in cats. A further aim was to determine the relationship between specific seminal protein bands and semen quality. Thirteen toms, 2-5 years of age, were included. Semen collection was performed by electroejaculation every 4 weeks. Fifty-eight ejaculates were assessed for motility, velocity, volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, viability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology. Samples were divided into two groups: good semen quality (GSQ) and poor semen quality (PSQ). After evaluation, seminal plasma was separated from the sperm by centrifugation and stored at -20°C. CHOL, TAG and PROT concentrations were then assessed and seminal plasma protein profile was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Seminal plasma CHOL and TAG concentrations, motility, velocity, sperm concentration, total sperm count and sperm morphology were significantly higher in GSQ cats compared with PSQ cats (P <0.01). Moreover, seminal plasma SDS-PAGE analysis showed an identifiable extra band exclusively in the GSQ group. Data obtained in this study showed that seminal plasma CHOL and TAG concentrations and specific protein bands could be used to improve semen evaluation in toms. In this sense, the 14 kDa protein band could be a valuable marker for semen quality in the cat and should be further investigated. However, more studies are necessary to determine its relationship with fertility.

Quantificação de proteínas do sêmen de touros Guzerá e suas associações com características andrológicas Polimorfismos

Avaliaram-se os perfis cromatográficos por gel filtração de proteínas do plasma seminal de 19 touros jovens Guzerá e suas associações com parâmetros andrológicos e testosterona. A concentração de proteínas totais no plasma seminal variou de 2,86 a 78,82 mg/ml, com média de 17,18 ± 20,49 mg/ml, com grande variabilidade entre os touros. Tais concentrações estão correlacionadas (p