Protein Oxidation Research Articles

Aurantio‑obtusin regulates lipogenesis and ferroptosis of liver cancer cells through inhibiting SCD1 and sensitizing RSL3.

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron‑mediated non‑apoptotic cell death and alterations in lipid redox metabolism, has emerged as a critical process implicated in various cellular functions, including cancer. Aurantio‑obtusin (AO), a bioactive compound derived from Cassiae semen (the dried mature seeds of Cassie obtusifolia L. or Cassia toral L.), has anti‑hyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties; however, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of AO on liver cancer cells remains unclear. The Cell Counting Kit‑8, EdU staining and migration assays were employed to assess the anti‑liver cancer activity of AO. Intracellular levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 protein and lipid peroxidation were measured as indicators of ferroptotic status. Immunohistochemical analyses, bioinformatics analyses and western blotting were conducted to evaluate the potential of stearoyl‑CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in combination with ferroptosis inducers for the personalized treatment of liver cancer. The present study revealed that AO significantly inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AO inhibited AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, suppressed sterol regulatory element‑binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, and downregulated fatty acid synthase expression, thereby inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis. Further investigations demonstrated that AO suppressed glutathione peroxidase 4 protein expression through the nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2/heme oxygenase‑1 pathway, induced ferroptosis in liver cancer cells, and simultaneously inhibited lipogenesis by suppressing SCD1 expression through the AKT/mTOR/SREBP1 pathway. Consequently, this increased the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. Additionally, the enhanced effects of AO and RSL3, which resulted in significant tumor suppression, were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that AO induced ferroptosis, downregulated the expression of SCD1 and enhanced the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to the ferroptosis inducer RSL3. The synergistic use of AO and a ferroptosis inducer may have promising therapeutic effects in liver cancer cells.

Enhanced oxidative stability and quality of chilled mirror carp fillet using an antioxidant film of chitosan/clove essential oil nanoemulsion

This study evaluates the effects of chitosan/clove essential oil nanoemulsion antioxidant films (CH-CEON) on the oxidative stability and quality of chilled mirror carp fillets. During storage, increased lipid and protein oxidation of all samples was observed, which resulted in a darker color, a softer texture, and increased water loss. Compared to the control, the oxidation and quality deterioration were inhibited in other samples, with the best effect was observed in those treated with CH-CEON. The peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total viable count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), b*, centrifugal, and cooking loss of samples treated with CH-CEON were 20.8%, 37.4%, 20.6%, 4.5%, 58.8%, 13.5%, 23.4%, and 11.1% lower than the control at 12 days, respectively. Conversely, the active and total sulfhydryl content, L*, a*, and whiteness (W) increased by 64.4%, 31.9%, 13.4%, 186%, and 15.3%, respectively. The texture of the treated samples was improved, and the shelf life was extended by 5 days. These changes were attributed to the slow release of phenolics in the films, which inhibited oxidation and quality deterioration of fish by scavenging free radicals. Moreover, the nanoemulsion increased the contact between clove essential oil (CEO) and samples, adsorbing free radicals more efficiently. This highlights the significant potential of CH-CEON for application in fish preservation.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes ferroptosis by inducing ferritinophagy and promoting lactate production in yak longissimus thoracis et lumborum postmortem

Ferroptosis has emerged as a novel, crucial regulator of meat quality in the postmortem hypoxia environment, with its role in mediating protein oxidation and cell death. However, the interaction between ferroptosis and the hypoxia response, especially the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), remains poorly studied. This study aimed to characterize whether HIF-1α influences ferroptosis, and, if so, explore the underlying mechanisms involved. The results showed that ferroptosis mediated by HIF-1α negatively impacts meat color and water holding capacity (WHC) but improving tenderness. Inhibition of HIF-1α by 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1) reduced ferroptosis, as evidenced by lower lipid ROS levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), along with higher glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, inhibition of HIF-1α shifted iron homeostasis towards decreased uptake via downregulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and induced export/storage via upregulation of ferroportin (FPN) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH) (P < 0.05). The relative expression of the ferritinophagy mediator nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and ATG were inhibited by YC-1 (P < 0.05), these findings suggest a general decrease in ferritinophagy associated with HIF-1α inhibition. YC-1-treated samples exhibited significantly diminished lactate accumulation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity compared to the control (P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by YC-1 was further amplified by lactate enhancement, suggesting that lactate can exert its suppressive effects on ferroptosis independently of HIF-1α. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HIF-1α drives ferroptosis by regulating iron metabolism, while lactate inhibits ferroptosis in a HIF-1α-independent manner. Overall, the HIF-1α mediated ferroptosis of postmortem yak muscle had a negative impact on WHC and color, while as a contributing factor of tenderness.

Oxidative stress and inflammation on metabolic abnormalities and renal involvement in prediabetic subjects across Europe

Background: Studying the mechanisms involved in the transition from prediabetes to diabetes and its associated complications, such as kidney disease, is a growing challenge. This study focuses on identifying valuable biomarkers for the early detection of kidney damage, evaluating molecules associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in prediabetic individuals across Europe.Methods: In plasma samples from individuals with prediabetes included in the ePREDICE study, we determined molecules related to oxidative stress (Advance oxidative protein products-AOPP) and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein-CRP; Interleukin 6-IL-6), and correlated them with anthropometric and biochemical data, assessing their potential for the early diagnosis of renal involvement.Results: Among the 967 people with prediabetes, 94 presented some sign of renal impairment such as albuminuria, hyperfiltration or hypofiltration. Significant variations were identified between oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers (upper and lower quartiles of AOPP, CRP and IL6), and parameters associated with blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and fatty liver index. In particular, both types of biomarkers were associated with components of the metabolic syndrome. There were significant associations between AOPP and CRP, and the presence of albuminuria, but not with renal function. Overall, CRP was a better biomarker than IL-6 for most of the parameters studied.Conclusion: These results highlight the important associations of oxidative stress and inflammation with metabolic abnormalities linked to the prediabetic state and its complications such as fatty liver and renal involvement. Although these results need to be confirmed, our study suggest that AOPP and CRP could be simple biomarkers of interest in predicting the risk of loss of renal function in people with prediabetes.

Long-term effects of transition milk feeding on feed intake, growth performance, feeding behavior, and oxidative status of Holstein calves

This study investigated the long-term effects of feeding 5-d transition milk (TRANS) compared with milk replacer (MR) on parameters, including intake, growth, feeding behavior and oxidative stress. Fifty Holstein calves (30 females and 20 males) were fed either 12 L/day TRANS or MR for the first 5 d after an initial colostrum feeding of 3.5 L. Thereafter, all calves were fed with 12 L of MR/d (140 g/L) and were gradually weaned starting in wk 8 until wk 14. Throughout the 14 wk the calves had unrestricted access to concentrate (up to 9.8 kg/calf/day), hay, and water. After weaning all heifers were fed a total mixed ration for young cows. Oxidative status was assessed in blood samples from birth to first insemination. Parameters assessed included the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) for antioxidant capacity and the concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites by the dROM (detection of reactive oxygen metabolites) assay. In addition, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), oxidative damage in the form of lipid peroxidation as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured. An oxidative stress index (OSi) was calculated: dROM/FRAP x 100. Total protein (TP) concentration was also quantified via the Bradford assay. The only significant difference in feeding behavior between the 2 treatment groups was a higher concentrate intake by the TRANS calves during the weaning phase. Body weight and ADG did not differ significantly between the TRANS and MR groups. TRANS calves showed a trend for fewer cases of health disorders. Markers of oxidative status, including TBARS, AOPP, GSHPx, FRAP and ROM, showed no treatment effects but varied significantly over time. Of note, the oxidative stress index as ratio between pro- and antioxidants in both groups peaked during weaning and then returned to baseline, suggesting an effective response to this transition phase Overall, the results indicate that feeding TRANS during the first 5 d of life had no long-term effect on the parameters studied as compared with MR feeding under the present rearing conditions. These results provide insight into the changes of oxidative status with age and confirm that the relatively high milk feeding level, slow and late weaning enables calves to adapt well to solely solid feed.

Dry-Cured Sausages “Salchichón” Manufactured with a Valorized Ingredient from Red Grape Pomace (Var. Tempranillo)

The inclusion of an ingredient made from red grape pomace (RGP) var. Tempranillo was evaluated for the preservation of a traditional dry-cured sausages (salchichón). The pomace was valorized through thermal blanching (103 °C for 1 min) and hydrostatic high-pressure treatment (600 MPa/5 min) before the addition to salchichón. Four formulations of salchichón were evaluated, including a negative control (NC—without red grape pomace or synthetic additives), positive control (PC—with ascorbic acid and nitrites), low level (LL—0.5%), and high level (HL—1%) of RGP. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial effects were analyzed. RGP reduced the final pH of salchichón and favored the growth of lactic acid bacteria at similar levels as PC. The addition of ascorbic acid and nitrites resulted in a final product with a redder and less yellow color than the other formulations. This cured color was not reached with the addition of RGP. However, its inclusion slightly reduced lipid and protein oxidation in salchichón. PC showed high levels of sulfur and terpene levels in a volatile profile, although at a sensory level, only differences in spicy taste were not noticed by panelists. The incorporation of the ingredient could enable the substitution of nitrites with valorized red grape pomace in sausages, although the desirable color achieved with nitrifying salts was not fully attained.

Effects of ferulic acid grafted-chitosan hydrocolloid on the quality preservation of golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) fillets during refrigerated storage with emphasis on lable-free proteomics

The effect of ferulic acid grafted-chitosan hydrocolloid (CS-g-FA) on the quality preservation of golden pompano fillets during refrigerated storage was investigated with emphasis on label-free proteomics analysis. It was indicated that CS-g-FA significantly inhibited spoilage bacteria growth, decreased total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, retarded lipid and protein oxidation, and delayed water migration in fillets, thus maintaining the texture properties of fillets. In detail, CS-g-FA treatment caused the least total viable counts of 6.55 logCFU/g, TVB-N content of 21.56 mg N/100g, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value of 1.50 mg MDA/kg, and carbonyl value of 1.26 μmol/g protein, respectively, after 15 day. Furthermore, 27 shared differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) closely related with freshness were identified compared to the fresh sample. CS-g-FA inhibited structural proteins degradation, while reduced the expression of metabolic enzymes to maintain fillets quality and extend the shelf-life. Several DEPs could be identified as potential proteomics markers for golden pompano freshness assessment. Thus, CS-g-FA serve as promising coating for quality preservation of aquatic products.

Maillard reaction products inhibit lipid oxidation by regulating myoglobin stability in washed muscle model.

Lipid oxidation significantly contributes to muscle deterioration, with heme protein oxidation playing a crucial role in this process. This study investigated the inhibition of heme protein oxidation by Maillard reaction products (MRPs) using a washed muscle model combining washed carp with myoglobin (Mb). Protein oxidation products, protein texture, and lipid oxidation levels were assessed. Results showed that metmyoglobin (MetMb) is a primary driver of lipid oxidation in meat, likely due to Mb oxidation, exposing hydrophobic groups that bind to lipids. MRPs at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% effectively inhibited Mb oxidation. Specifically, treatment with 1% MRPs reduced MetMb formation by 15.38%, protein carbonyl content by 6.53%, hydroxyl radical content by 20.37%, protein aggregation by 40.81%, and particle size by 36.95% during later storage stages, thereby preserving Mb stability. In the Mb-mediated oxidation model, 1% MRPs inhibited the formation of primary and secondary oxidative metabolites by 59.47% and 68.19%, respectively, while maintaining muscle tissue texture integrity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The antioxidation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) improves the stability of common carp. By inhibiting the autoxidation of myoglobin and lipid, MRPs help preserve the texture and color of fish muscle while extending its shelf life. This study provides a valuable reference for effectively controlling lipid oxidation in refrigerated fish products and enhancing their overall quality.

Plant-based protein emulsions with soy protein isolate and gluten improve freeze-thaw stability and shelf life of pork meatballs

This study investigated the effects of oil-in-water emulsions used as fat substitutes on the physicochemical properties of meatballs during frozen storage. Different formulations of fat replacers were prepared, including pork fat as the control (C), oil and water (OW), oil-in-water emulsion (E), emulsion with soy protein isolate (SE), emulsion with gluten (GE), and emulsion with soy protein isolate and gluten (SG). These fat substitutes were applied to a meatball paste. The samples were stored at −18 °C for 30 and 60 days, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed after thawing at 4 °C for 12 h. The SE formulation had the highest values for both water content and liquid holding capacity during frozen storage (P < 0.05). SE, GE, and SG showed significantly higher hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness than those of E during storage (P < 0.05). The vegetable protein addition treatments maintained a compact structure throughout storage. SE, GE, and SG prevented lipid and protein oxidation during frozen storage. These results demonstrated that SE, GE, and SG offer significant advantages in improving the freeze-thaw stability, liquid holding capacity, and oxidation stability of pork meatballs during long-term frozen storage. Therefore, our study suggest that plant-based protein emulsions can effectively replace animal fats while maintaining product quality, offering valuable implications for the meat processing industry.

Use of non-thermal treatment methods to ensure the quality and safety of fish and other hydrobionts. Overview of the subject field

Products of aquatic origin are among the most perishable products. Heat processing, including sterilization, drying and evaporation, can lead to undesirable changes in food products, such as a decrease in their nutritional value or deterioration in organoleptic characteristics. The purpose of the paper is to review the results of scientific research on non-thermal methods of processing fish and other aquatic organisms to inhibit bacteria, ensure microbiological safety and maintain quality. The groups of primary spoilage bacteria vary among fish, crustaceans and molluscs depending on storage conditions and duration. Non-thermal processing methods such as ultra-high pressure, irradiation, pulsed electric field and low-temperature plasma have shown significant results in inhibiting microbial growth and increasing the shelf life of aquatic products. However, uncertain processing parameters and characteristics of the technology itself can lead to adverse effects such as lipid oxidation and protein degradation during sterilization. Non-thermal processing can be used in combination with antioxidant composite coatings (membranes) to delay the oxidation of lipids and proteins and improve the physical, chemical and sensory properties of fish products. It is possible to combine several methods of non-thermal treatment, which will make it possible to compensate for the shortcomings of one technology by the action of another method of non-thermal exposure. Further scientific research should be aimed at establishing optimal processing modes, the possibility of combining non-thermal methods with other technologies, such as modified atmosphere packaging in order to determine the mechanisms of spoilage and improve the quality of storage of products of aquatic origin, as well as further industrial implementation of modern processing methods. BELROSAKAVA

Relationship between advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria: A cross-sectional survey.

Literature suggests that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetes. Since poor glycemic control enhances the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in individuals with diabetes, exploring the association between glycation and oxidative states in diabetes could also shed light on potential consequences. This study evaluated the effects of albuminuria on AGEs and AOPP levels and measured their relationship in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with or without albuminuria. A cross-sectional, matched case-control study was designed, including 38 T2D subjects with albuminuria and 38 matched T2D subjects with normoalbuminuria. Patients were matched by their body mass index (BMI), age, and duration of diabetes. The unadjusted and adjusted correlation between AGEs and AOPP in the studied groups were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Using ggplot2, the ties between these two biochemical factors in cases and controls were plotted. This study elucidated a significant association between AGEs and AOPP in participants with normoalbuminuria (r = 0.331, p-value < 0.05), which continued to be significant after controlling for BMI, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.355, p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between AGEs and AOPP in those with albuminuria in the unadjusted model (r = 0.034, p-value = 0.841) or after controlling for BMI, age, SBP, and DBP (r = 0.076, p-value = 0.685). Oxidation and glycation molecular biomarkers were correlated in patients without albuminuria; however, this association was not observed in those with albuminuria.

Lyso-phosphatidylcholine as an interfacial stabilizer for parenteral monoclonal antibody formulations

Therapeutic proteins suffer from physical and chemical instability in aqueous solution. Polysorbates and poloxamers are often added for protection against interfacial stress to prevent protein aggregation and particle formation. Previous studies have revealed that the hydrolysis and oxidation of polysorbates in parenteral formulations can lead to the formation of free fatty acid particles, insufficient long-term stabilization, and protein oxidation. Poloxamers, on the other hand, are considered to be less effective against protein aggregation. Here we investigated two lyso-phosphatidylcholines (LPCs) as potential alternative surfactants for protein formulations, focusing on their physicochemical behavior and their ability to protect against the formation of monoclonal antibody particles during mechanical stress.The hemolytic activity of LPC was tested in varying ratios of plasma and buffer mixtures. LPC effectively stabilized mAb formulations when shaken at concentrations several orders of magnitude below the onset of hemolysis, indicating that the potential for erythrocyte damage by LPC is non-critical. LPC formulations subjected to mechanical stress through peristaltic pumping exhibited comparable protein particle formation to those containing polysorbate 80 or poloxamer 188. Profile analysis tensiometry and dilatational rheology indicated that the stabilizing effect likely arises from the formation of a viscoelastic film at approximately the CMC. Data gathered from concentration-gradient multi-angle light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry support this finding. Surfactant desorption was evaluated through sub-phase exchange experiments. While LPCs readily desorbed from the interface, resorption occurred rapidly enough in the bulk solution to prevent protein adsorption. Overall, LPCs behave similarly to polysorbate with respect to interfacial stabilization and show promise as a potential substitute for polysorbate in parenteral protein formulations.

Development of Nitric Oxide-Donating Netarsudil Derivatives as a Synergistic Therapy for Glaucoma with Reduced Ocular Irritation.

Based on the synergistic therapeutic effect of nitric oxide (NO) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors on glaucoma, a series of NO-donating Netarsudil derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their activities in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. Among them, (S)-10e released an appropriate amount of NO in aqueous humor in vitro and displayed potent ROCK inhibition. Topical administration of (S)-10e significantly lowered intraocular pressure in an acute ocular hypertension rabbit model and protected retinal ganglion cells in a magnetic microbead occlusion mouse model. A metabolism investigation revealed that (S)-10e released 7a, a metabolite after NO releasing, and 13, an active metabolite of (S)-Netarsudil, in rabbit eyes. Notably, introducing an NO donor moiety attenuated ROCK inhibition-induced ocular irritation in an sGC-independent manner, suggesting that the attenuated conjunctival hyperemia effect of (S)-10e is related to the NO-induced protein S-nitrosation of phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). Overall, (S)-10e is a promising candidate for glaucoma treatment.

Effect of Extraction Methods on Chemical Characteristics and Bioactivity of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju Extracts.

Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju (CMF) is regarded as one of the three most renowned varieties of white Chrysanthemum in China, and different extraction methods have significant effects on its composition and activities. Therefore, six extractions were used in this study to assess the effects on extracts. The basic chemical composition showed that hot water extract (Hw) had the highest total phenolic content, alkali water immersion-assisted hot water extract (Al) had the highest content of protein, and enzyme-assisted hot water extract (Enz) had the highest content of carbohydrate. The UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS results evinced the presence of 19 small-molecule compounds, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, tuberonic acid glucoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and other substances. In addition, the antioxidant test found that the Hw exhibited the best 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (82.05 ± 1.59 mM TE/mg) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (61.91 ± 0.27 mM TE/mg) scavenging ability. The anti-glycation test demonstrated that Enz possessed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on glycation products, including fructosamine and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, the Enz also exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on the protein oxidation product N'-formylkynurenine. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a close relationship between antioxidant properties and glycation resistance of extracts, and tuberonic acid glucoside, 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and isochlorogenic acid B were key small molecule components that affected activities. In summary, the extracts of CMF can be regarded as an excellent antioxidant and anti-glycosylation agent.

Combined Treatment with Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and SCD Probiotics Reduces Oxidative Stress in Lung Tissue of Aged Rats

Aging is associated with an increased level of oxidative stress, resulting from an elevated production of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to cellular and tissue damage, particularly in the lungs. This study examined the effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and SCD Probiotics, both individually and in combination, on oxidative stress markers in the lung tissue of aged Sprague-Dawley rats. The primary objective was to assess the potential of these agents in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, which are indicative of oxidative damage and inflammation. The results showed that TUDCA significantly decreased MDA and AOPP levels, suggesting its role in maintaining mitochondrial stability and inhibiting apoptotic pathways. SCD Probiotics also demonstrated a reduction in AOPP levels, highlighting their immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the combined treatment of TUDCA and SCD Probiotics led to a more pronounced decrease in both MDA and AOPP levels, along with a significant reduction in MPO activity. This suggests a synergistic interaction that enhances the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the individual treatments. These findings support the therapeutic potential of TUDCA and SCD Probiotics in mitigating oxidative damage in aging lung tissues, proposing that their concurrent use could be an effective strategy against age-related oxidative stress. Further research is warranted to explore these effects across different models and long-term applications.

GSTT1/GSTM1 deficiency aggravated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via ROS-triggered ferroptosis.

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent prescribed to treat solid tumors. However, its clinical application is limited because of cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity. A known complication of cisplatin is acute kidney injury (AKI). Deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1, members of the glutathione S-transferase family, are common in humans and are presumed to be associated with various kidney diseases. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in cisplatin induced AKI remain unclear. To investigate the roles of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in cisplatin-induced AKI, we generated GSTM1 and GSTT1 knockout mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and assessed their kidney function under normal physiological conditions and cisplatin treatment. Using ELISA kits, we measured the levels of oxidative DNA and protein damage, along with MDA, SOD, GSH, and the GSH/GSSG ratio in wild-type and GSTM1/GSTT1 knockout mice following cisplatin treatment. Additionally, oxidative stress levels and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in kidney tissues were examined through Western blotting, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques. Here, we found that GSTT1 and GSTM1 were downregulated in the renal tubular cells of AKI patients and cisplatin-treated mice. Compared with WT mice, Gstm1/Gstt1-DKO mice were phenotypically normal but developed more severe kidney dysfunction and exhibited increased ROS levels and severe ferroptosis after injecting cisplatin. Our study revealed that GSTM1 and GSTT1 can protect renal tubular cells against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ferroptosis, and genetic screening for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms can help determine a standard cisplatin dose for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-tea polyphenols ice coating on the quality degradation of frozen-thawed beef due to changes in protein structure and fat and protein oxidation

During freeze-thaw (FT) cycles, protein structural degradation, lipid and protein oxidation can lead to quality deterioration of beef samples. To address this issue, we developed a cost-effective and easy-to-operate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium-tea polyphenol (CMC-TP) ice coating to inhibit quality deterioration caused by these factors. The beef samples were characterized for various quality attributes, lipid and protein oxidation, and protein structure. The results demonstrated that the CMC-TP ice coating significantly inhibited the deterioration in water-holding capacity (WHC) and tenderness of the beef samples (P < 0.05). Analysis of peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and carbonyl content revealed that the CMC-TP ice coating significantly suppressed lipid and protein oxidation during FT cycles (P < 0.05). Additionally, assessments of total sulfhydryl content, fluorescence intensity, and surface hydrophobicity indicated that the CMC-TP ice coating effectively mitigated protein structural degradation through antioxidant and cryoprotective effects (P < 0.05). Therefore, the CMC-TP ice coating can enhance the FT stability of beef.

Repercussion of manufacture and digestion process of foods enriched with sesame flour on the antioxidant response of human hepatocyte cultures

As natural bioactive compounds with recognized antioxidant power, polyphenols may impact on several diseases associated with oxidative stress. In this study, defatted sesame flour (DSF) was investigated as a potential source of dietary polyphenols and a functional ingredient. Additionally, the impact of manufacture and digestion processes on the biological efficacy of the resulting extracts in the HepG2 cell line was explored. For this purpose, polyphenolic extracts were obtained from three sources: DSF, a control sweet cookie formulation and 10% DSF-enriched cookies. In addition, extracts of potentially bioaccessible polyphenols from in vitro digested cookies were collected. Cells were incubated with all these extracts and then injured with H2O2. Intracellular oxidative state and viability, antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione (GSH) content, and oxidation of proteins and lipids were analyzed. The results showed DSF pro-oxidant actions on the cellular redox state, which hormetically enhanced the antioxidant response. Similarly, biological activity of DSF enriched cookies was found to persist after manufacture and digestion, promoting lipid peroxidation alleviation and GSH replenishment.By promoting an antioxidant response in cells, DSF may be considered for functional incorporation, offering preventive benefits and protective action to counterbalance oxidative damage. This study contributes to highlighting the benefits of DFS validating its final biological effects in a cellular model.

Dietary high plant protein and high lipid impaired the intestine health of grouper by disrupting oxidative stress, immune response, and protein metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of high lipid (HL) and high plant-protein (HP) diets on gut health in pearl gentian grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♂ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♀. Thus, grouper were randomly distributed into 12 plastic tanks, which were randomly assigned to four diet groups: control (C, 9.48 % lipid, 46.21 % protein), high lipid (HL, 16.70 % lipid, 46.37 % protein), high plant-protein (HP, 9.38 % lipid, 46.50 % protein), high lipid and high plant-protein (HLP, 16.67 % lipid, 46.54 % protein). After an 8-week feeding trial, the HL and HP treatments led to impaired growth performance, compromised gut structure, suppressed immune components, reduced antioxidant defense through the Keap/Nrf2 signaling, and inhibited protein metabolism via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Notably, their combined effects (HLP) further exacerbated it. A significant decrease in the proportion of unclassified_Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridium, and Curvibacter in all treatment groups. The Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bosea were influenced by the interaction between dietary lipids and plant proteins. 14 metabolites that exhibited significant differences among all treatment groups, including arginine, prostaglandin B1, cortexolone, alpha-linolenic acid, and allocholic acid. The HL treatment primarily affected pathways related to lipid metabolism and immunomodulation, while the HP treatment predominantly influenced pathways associated with protein metabolism and immunomodulation. Our findings also indicated that the HP factor played a more prominent role in shaping the metabolic response of fish to the HLP intervention. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the Clostridium and the metabolites Cortexolone and Allocholic acid, while a negative correlation was observed between the Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus and these metabolites. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that excessive inclusion of plant proteins and/or lipids negatively affects gut health in grouper by disrupting oxidative stress, immune response, and protein metabolism through modulation of the gut microbial-metabolite crosstalk.

Inhibitory Effects of Aqueous Ethanol Extracts of Poplar-Type Propolis on Advanced Glycation End Products and Protein Oxidation

(1) Background: The non-enzymatic glycation of proteins is a significant contributor to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and intermediates that are responsible for diabetic complications. It is imperative to explore effective inhibitors to prevent protein glycation. (2) Methods: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of various aqueous ethanol extracts of poplar-type propolis on AGEs and oxidative modifications in bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose and BSA-methylglyoxal models. (3) Results: The results revealed that these propolis extracts exhibited significant effectiveness in inhibiting the formation of total AGEs, pentosidine, and Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Furthermore, the investigation discovered that these propolis extracts can effectively inhibit oxidative modification, based on measuring the levels of carbonyl and thiol groups and analyzing tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Notably, 75% ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, surpassing the chemical inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG). (4) Conclusions: The remarkable anti-glycation potency of aqueous ethanol extracts of poplar-type propolis can be attributed to their elevated contents of phenolic compounds, especially abundant flavonoids, which inhibit the formation of AGEs by scavenging free radicals, decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and capturing reactive carbonyl species (RCS) in the protein glycation process. Our results indicate that poplar-type propolis may be a potential AGE inhibitor and could be used to develop functional foods and nutraceuticals to prevent diabetic complications.