Protein-derived Peptides Research Articles

Both protein and non-protein components in extracellular vesicles of human seminal plasma improve human sperm function via CatSper-mediated calcium signaling.

What is the significance and mechanism of human seminal plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating human sperm functions? EV increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i via extracellular Ca2+ influx by activating CatSper channels, and subsequently modulate human sperm motility, especially hyperactivated motility, which is attributed to both protein and non-protein components in EV. EVs are functional regulators of human sperm function, and EV cargoes from normal and asthenozoospermic seminal plasma are different. Pre-fusion of EV with sperm in the acidic and non-physiological sucrose buffer solution could elevate [Ca2+]i in human sperm. CatSper, a principle Ca2+ channel in human sperm, is responsible for the [Ca2+]i regulation when sperm respond to diverse extracellular stimuli. However, the role of CatSper in EV-evoked calcium signaling and its potential physiological significance remain unclear. EV isolated from the seminal plasma of normal and asthenozoospermic semen were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which EV regulates calcium signal in human sperm, including the involvement of CatSper and the responsible cargoes in EV. In addition, the clinical application potential of EV and EV protein-derived peptides were also evaluated. This is a laboratory study that went on for more than 5 years and involved more than 200 separate experiments. Semen donors were recruited in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee on human subjects of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The Flow NanoAnalyzer, western blotting, and transmission electron microscope were used to systematically characterize seminal plasma EV. Sperm [Ca2+]i responses were examined by fluorimetric measurement. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed to record CatSper currents. Sperm motility parameters were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Sperm hyperactivation was also evaluated by examining their penetration ability in viscous methylcellulose media. Protein and non-protein components in EV were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum. The levels of prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and DNA integrity were detected by commercial kits. EV increased [Ca2+]i via an extracellular Ca2+ influx, which could be suppressed by a CatSper inhibitor. Also, EV potentiated CatSper currents in human sperm. Furthermore, the EV-in [Ca2+]i increase and CatSper currents were absent in a CatSper-deficient sperm, confirming the crucial role of CatSper in EV induced Ca2+ signaling in human sperm. Both proteins and non-protein components of EV contributed to the increase of [Ca2+]i, which were important for the effects of EV on human sperm. Consequently, EV and its cargos promoted sperm hyperactivated motility. In addition, seminal plasma EV protein-derived peptides, such as NAT1-derived peptide (N-P) and THBS-1-derived peptide (T-P), could activate the sperm calcium signal and enhance sperm function. Interestingly, EV derived from asthenozoospermic semen caused a lower increase of [Ca2+]i than that isolated from normal seminal plasma (N-EV), and N-EV significantly improved sperm motility and function in both asthenozoospermic samples and frozen-thawed sperm. N/A. This was an in vitro study and caution must be taken when extrapolating the physiological relevance to in vivo regulation of sperm. Our findings demonstrate that the CatSper-mediated-Ca2+ signaling is involved in EV-modulated sperm function under near physiological conditions, and EV and their derivates are a novel CatSper and sperm function regulators with potential for clinical application. They may be developed to improve sperm motility resulting from low [Ca2+]i response and/or freezing and thawing. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271167), the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (BE2022765), the Nantong Social and People's Livelihood Science and Technology Plan (MS22022087), the Basic Science Research Program of Nantong (JC22022086), and the Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan (JSSCRC2021543). The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Prion protein-derived cell-penetrating peptide inhibits type II diabetes associated islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation and cytotoxicity

Prion protein-derived cell-penetrating peptide inhibits type II diabetes associated islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation and cytotoxicity

Molecular Mechanisms of Peptide–Calcium Complexes in Enhancing Calcium Absorption: A Transcriptome Analysis of Caco-2 Cells Treated with Whey Protein-Derived Peptides DAF and EAC

Molecular Mechanisms of Peptide–Calcium Complexes in Enhancing Calcium Absorption: A Transcriptome Analysis of Caco-2 Cells Treated with Whey Protein-Derived Peptides DAF and EAC

Antibacterial Effect of Sesame Protein-Derived Peptides against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: In Silico and In Vitro Analysis.

This study aimed to screen out antibacterial peptides derived from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through in silico and in vitro methods. In silico proteolysis of sesame proteins with pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin was performed with the online server BIOPEP-UWM. The CAMPR3 online server was used to predict the antimicrobial effect of peptides. The ToxinPred, PepCalc, and AllergenFP tools were utilized to forecast the physicochemical properties, toxicity, and allergen of the peptides. Molecular docking analysis showed that six cationic antimicrobial peptides could directly interact with the key sites of dihydropteroate synthase, whereas Ala-Gly-Gly-Val-Pro-Arg and Ser-Thr-Ile-Arg exhibited the strongest binding affinity. In vitro antibacterial experiment showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ser-Thr-Ile-Arg against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 1024 and 512 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, MIC of Ala-Gly-Gly-Val-Pro-Arg against both bacterial species was 512 µg/mL. Our results suggest that peptides from sesame possess the ability to potentially hinder bacterial activity.

Four novel anti-adhesive activity peptides against Helicobacter pylori derived from rice bran protein: release, identification and anti-adhesive mechanisms elucidation.

H. pylori is a highly pathogenic and prevalent pathogen that is a class I carcinogen. More than 50% of the world's population is infected with H. pylori. An anti-adhesive strategy is an effective way to antagonize H. pylori infection, which does not cause H. pylori resistance and is safer compared to antibiotic therapy. In the present study, to obtain rice bran protein-derived anti-adhesive activity peptides against H. pylori, an efficient enzymatic hydrolysis system was established, and it was found that rice bran protein hydrolysate prepared under specific conditions possessed anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori. The anti-adhesive activity of rice bran protein hydrolysate (RPH) was 43.74 ± 1.12% (4 mg mL-1), and gastric digestion (RPHA) had no significant effect on its activity. Hydrophobic amino acids and aromatic amino acids were important for its anti-adhesive activity. Further, 284 peptide sequences with potential anti-adhesive activity were isolated and identified from RPHA. Combined with molecular docking results, four novel anti-adhesive activity peptides were finally screened, namely LS5 (LSFRL), SN8 (SNTPGMVY), VV7 (VVNFGNL) and PV9 (PVLWGVPKG). Among them, PV9 showed the highest anti-adhesive activity of 59.64 ± 2.00% (4 mg mL-1). These four peptides could bind H. pylori adhesins BabA and SabA, occupying the binding sites of cell receptors and acting as anti-adhesion agents. In conclusion, four rice bran protein-derived anti-adhesive activity peptides against H. pylori can be used for the development of novel functional foods antagonizing H. pylori infection.

Recent Advances on Antimicrobial Peptides from Milk: Molecular Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Traditional antibiotics are facing a tremendous challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance; hence, there is an urgent need to find novel antibiotic alternatives. Milk protein-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are currently attracting substantial attention considering that they showcase an extensive spectrum of antimicrobial activities, with slower development of antimicrobial resistance and safety of raw materials. This review summarizes the molecular properties, and activity mechanisms and highlights the applications and limitations of AMPs derived from milk proteins comprehensively. Also the analytical technologies, especially bioinformatics methodologies, applied in the process of screening, identification, and mechanism illustration of AMPs were underlined. This review will give some ideas for further research and broadening of the applications of milk protein-derived AMPs in the food field.

Plant Protein-Derived Active Peptides: A Comprehensive Review.

Active peptides are a class of physiologically active protein fragments, which can be prepared from different sources. In the past few decades, the production of peptides with various effects from different plant proteins continues to receive academic attention. With advances in extraction, purification, and characterization techniques, plant protein-derived active peptides continue to be discovered. They have been proven to have various functional activities such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, and so on. In this review, we searched Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant articles published in recent years. There are 184 articles included in this manuscript. The current status of plant protein-derived active peptides is systematically introduced, including their sources, preparation, purification and identification methods, physiological activities, and applications in the food industry. Special emphasis has been placed on the problems of active peptide exploration and the future trend. Based on these, it is expected to provide theoretical reference for the further exploitation of plant protein-derived active peptides, and promote the healthy and rapid development of active peptide industry.

Reference genome of the nutrition-rich orphan crop chia (Salvia hispanica) and its implications for future breeding.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is one of the most popular nutrition-rich foods and pseudocereal crops of the family Lamiaceae. Chia seeds are a rich source of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), dietary fibers, and antioxidants. In this study, we present the assembly of the chia reference genome, which spans 303.6 Mb and encodes 48,090 annotated protein-coding genes. Our analysis revealed that ~42% of the chia genome harbors repetitive content, and identified ~3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 15,380 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker sites. By investigating the chia transcriptome, we discovered that ~44% of the genes undergo alternative splicing with a higher frequency of intron retention events. Additionally, we identified chia genes associated with important nutrient content and quality traits, such as the biosynthesis of PUFAs and seed mucilage fiber (dietary fiber) polysaccharides. Notably, this is the first report of in-silico annotation of a plant genome for protein-derived small bioactive peptides (biopeptides) associated with improving human health. To facilitate further research and translational applications of this valuable orphan crop, we have developed the Salvia genomics database (SalviaGDB), accessible at https://salviagdb.org.

Leishmania infection upregulates and engages host macrophage Argonaute 1, and system-wide proteomics reveals Argonaute 1-dependent host response.

Leishmania donovani, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of leishmaniasis in humans. It is becoming increasingly clear that several intracellular pathogens target host cell RNA interference (RNAi) pathways to promote their survival. Complexes of Argonaute proteins with small RNAs are core components of the RNAi. In this study, we investigated the potential role of host macrophage Argonautes in Leishmania pathogenesis. Using Western blot analysis of Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages, we show here that Leishmania infection selectively increased the abundance of host Argonaute 1 (Ago1). This increased abundance of Ago1 in infected cells also resulted in higher levels of Ago1 in active Ago-complexes, suggesting the preferred use of Ago1 in RNAi in Leishmania-infected cells. This analysis used a short trinucleotide repeat containing 6 (TNRC6)/glycine-tryptophan repeat protein (GW182) protein-derived peptide fused to Glutathione S-transferase as an affinity matrix to capture mature Ago-small RNAs complexes from the cytosol of non-infected and Leishmania-infected cells. Furthermore, Ago1 silencing significantly reduced intracellular survival of Leishmania, demonstrating that Ago1 is essential for Leishmania pathogenesis. To investigate the role of host Ago1 in Leishmania pathogenesis, a quantitative whole proteome approach was employed, which showed that expression of several previously reported Leishmania pathogenesis-related proteins was dependent on the level of macrophage Ago1. Together, these findings identify Ago1 as the preferred Argonaute of RNAi machinery in infected cells and a novel and essential virulence factor by proxy that promotes Leishmania survival.

Involvement of Angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in uveitis.

Angiopoietin (Ang) 2 is released from vascular endothelial cells by the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A. Ang2 increases the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells via nuclear factor κB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ang2 and VEGFA on ocular autoimmune inflammation. We measured the concentrations of Ang2 and VEGFA in vitreous samples among patients with uveitis. Vitreous samples were collected from 16 patients with idiopathic uveitis (uveitis group) and 16 patients with non-inflammatory eye disease (control group). Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in B10.BR mice with a human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-derived peptide. The retinochoroidal tissues of the EAU mice were removed, and the mRNA levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were examined. EAU mice treated with anti-Ang2, anti-VEGFA, a combination of anti-Ang2 and anti-VEGFA, anti-Ang2/VEGFA bispecific, or IgG control antibodies were clinically and histopathologically evaluated. The protein levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were significantly higher in the vitreous samples of patients with uveitis than in controls (P<0.05). The retinochoroidal mRNA levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were significantly upregulated in EAU mice compared to controls (n = 6, P<0.05). Although there was no significant difference, treatment with anti-VEGFA antibody reduced the clinical and histopathological scores. However, treatment with anti-Ang2 antibody reduced the clinical and histopathological scores (n = 18-20, P<0.05). Furthermore, these scores were further decreased when treated by inhibiting both Ang2 and VEGFA. Based on these results, VEGFA and Ang2 were shown to be upregulated locally in the eye of both uveitis patients and models of uveitis. Dual inhibition of Ang2 and VEGFA is suggested to be a new therapeutic strategy for uveitis.

Biodegradable Cardiac Occluder with Surface Modification by Gelatin-Peptide Conjugate to Promote Endogenous Tissue Regeneration.

Transcatheter intervention has been the preferred treatment for congenital structural heart diseases by implanting occluders into the heart defect site through minimally invasive access. Biodegradable polymers provide a promising alternative for cardiovascular implants by conferring therapeutic function and eliminating long-term complications, but inducing in situ cardiac tissue regeneration remains a substantial clinical challenge. PGAG (polydioxanone/poly (l-lactic acid)-gelatin-A5G81) occluders are prepared by covalently conjugating biomolecules composed of gelatin and layer adhesive protein-derived peptides (A5G81) to the surface of polydioxanone and poly (l-lactic acid) fibers. The polymer microfiber-biomacromolecule-peptide frame with biophysical and biochemical cues could orchestrate the biomaterial-host cell interactions, by recruiting endogenous endothelial cells, promoting their adhesion and proliferation, and polarizing immune cells into anti-inflammatory phenotypes and augmenting the release of reparative cytokines. In a porcine atrial septal defect (ASD) model, PGAG occluders promote in situ tissue regeneration by accelerating surface endothelialization and regulating immune response, which mitigate inflammation and fibrosis formation, and facilitate the fusion of occluder with surrounding heart tissue. Collectively, this work highlights the modulation of cell-biomaterial interactions for tissue regeneration in cardiac defect models, ensuring endothelialization and extracellular matrix remodeling on polymeric scaffolds. Bioinspired cell-material interface offers a highly efficient and generalized approach for constructing bioactive coatings on medical devices.

Self-Entrapment of Antimicrobial Peptides in Silica Particles for Stable and Effective Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery System.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising solution to tackle bacterial infections and combat antibiotic resistance. However, their vulnerability to protease degradation and toxicity towards mammalian cells has hindered their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, our study aims to develop a method to enhance the stability and safety of AMPs applicable to effective drug-device combination products. The KR12 antimicrobial peptide was chosen, and in order to further enhance its delivery and efficacy the human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein-derived cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) was fused to form CPP-KR12. A new product, CPP-KR12@Si, was developed by forming silica particles with self-entrapped CPP-KR12 peptide using biomimetic silica precipitability because of its cationic nature. Peptide delivery from CPP-KR12@Si to bacteria and cells was observed at a slightly delivered rate, with improved stability against trypsin treatment and a reduction in cytotoxicity compared to CPP-KR12. Finally, the antimicrobial potential of the CPP-KR12@Si/bone graft substitute (BGS) combination product was demonstrated. CPP-KR12 is coated in the form of submicron-sized particles on the surface of the BGS. Self-entrapped AMP in silica nanoparticles is a safe and effective AMP delivery method that will be useful for developing a drug-device combination product for tissue regeneration.

Intrinsically Disordered Ku Protein-Derived Cell-Penetrating Peptides.

Efficient delivery of bioactive ingredients into cells is a major challenge. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as promising vehicles for this purpose. We have developed novel CPPs derived from the flexible and disordered tail extensions of DNA-binding Ku proteins. Ku-P4, the lead CPP identified in this study, is biocompatible and displays high internalization efficacy. Biophysical studies show that the proline residue is crucial for preserving the intrinsically disordered state and biocompatibility. DNA binding studies showed effective DNA condensation to form a positively charged polyplex. The polyplex exhibited effective penetration through the cell membrane and delivered the plasmid DNA inside the cell. These novel CPPs have the potential to enhance the cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy of peptide-drug or gene conjugates.

Immunized mice naturally process in silico-derived peptides from the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2

BackgroundThe nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an excellent immunogen that promotes the production of high-titer antibodies. N protein-derived peptides identified using a bioinformatics approach can potentially be used to develop a new generation of vaccines or diagnostic methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. However, further studies must demonstrate their capacity to be naturally processed by the immune system.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the in vivo processing and recognition of in silico-identified peptides using the serum of immunized animals with the complete protein.MethodsRecombinant N (Nrec) protein was subcutaneously administered to six Balb/c mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, dot blotting, and immunoprecipitation were performed to evaluate the recognition of the complete protein and in silico-derived peptides.ResultsThe serum of immunized mice recognized ~ 62.5 ng/µL of Nrec with high specificity to linear and conformational epitopes. Dot blot analysis showed that peptides Npep2 and Npep3 were the most reactive.ConclusionOur data confirm the high immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein and provide evidence on the antigenicity of two peptides located in the N-arm/RNA-binding domain (Npep2) and oligomerization domain/C-tail (Npep3), considered the biologically active site of the N protein.

Enhancing activity of food protein-derived peptides: An overview of pretreatment, preparation, and modification methods.

Food protein-derived peptides have garnered considerable attention due to their potential bioactivities and functional properties. However, the limited activity poses a challenge in effective utilization aspects. To overcome this hurdle, various methods have been explored to enhance the activity of these peptides. This comprehensive review offers an extensive overview of pretreatment, preparation methods, and modification strategies employed to augment the activity of food protein-derived peptides. Additionally, it encompasses a discussion on the current status and future prospects of bioactive peptide applications. The review also addresses the standardization of mass production processes and safety considerations for bioactive peptides while examining the future challenges and opportunities associated with these compounds. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable guide for researchers in the food industry, offering insights and recommendations to optimize the production process of bioactive peptides.

Pentapeptide IIAEK ameliorates cholesterol metabolism via the suppression of intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice.

Dietary protein-derived peptides are effective in improving dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. We previously identified a novel cholesterol-lowering pentapeptide IIAEK from milk beta-lactoglobulin. However, it remains unclear whether IIAEK affects the micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability to lower cholesterol. Moreover, there is no direct evidence that IIAEK inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and affects hepatic cholesterol and fecal steroid excretion in vivo. Herein, we showed that IIAEK did not affect the micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability. However, we found that IIAEK decreased serum and liver cholesterol levels and increased fecal steroid excretion in mice. Interestingly, IIAEK markedly suppressed the intestinal absorption of [3H]-cholesterol in mice. In conclusion, we found that IIAEK ameliorated cholesterol metabolism by suppressing intestinal cholesterol absorption without affecting in vitro micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability in mice.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived immunogenic peptides that are promiscuously presented by several HLA-class II molecules and their potential for inducing acquired immunity

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a significant threat to public health. Although vaccines based on the mRNA of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been developed to induce both cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, there have been some concerns raised about their high cost, particularly in developing countries. In the present study, we aim to identify an immunogenic peptide in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to activate cellular immunity, particularly CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (Th cells), which are a commander of immune system. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived peptides Spike448-477 and Spike489-513(N501Y)-specific CD4+ Th cell lines were generated by repetitive stimulation of healthy donor-derived CD4+T-cells with each peptide. Their HLA-restrictions were addressed by using blocking antibodies against HLA and HLA-transfected L-cells. The epitopes of Spike448-477-specific CD4+ Th cell lines were defined using a series of 7–14-mer overlapping truncated peptides and alanine-substituted epitope peptides. To address responsiveness of these CD4+ Th cell lines to several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we stimulated the CD4+ Th cell lines with mutated peptides. We addressed whether these identified peptides were useful for monitoring T-cell-based immune responses in vaccinated donors using the IFN-γ ELISpot assay. The Spike448-477 peptide was found to be a promiscuous peptide presented by HLA- DRB1*08:02, DR53, and DPB1*02:02. Although HLA-DPB1*02:02-restricted CD4+ Th cells did not response to some peptides with the L452R and L452Q mutations, the other CD4+ Th cells were not affected by any mutant peptides. We developed two tetramers to detect HLA-DRB1*08:02/Spike449-463- and Spike449-463(L452R/Y453F)-recognizing CD4+ Th cells. Spike489-513(N501Y) peptide was also a promiscuously presented to HLA-DRB1*09:01 and DRB1*15:02. The T-cell responses specific to both peptides Spike448-477 and Spike489-513 were detected in PBMCs after vaccinations. In addition, we observed that the Spike448-477 peptide activated both CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ Th cells in individuals receiving mRNA vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-derived peptides, Spike448-477 and Spike489-513, include several epitopes that are presented by multiple HLA-class II alleles to activate CD4+ Th cells, which are considered useful for monitoring the establishment of acquired immunity after vaccination.

Tartary buckwheat protein-derived peptide AFYRW alleviates H2O2-induced vascular injury via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway

Tartary buckwheat protein-derived peptide (Ala-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Trp, AFYRW) is a natural active peptide that hampers the atherosclerosis process, but the underlying role of AFYRW in angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we present a system-based study to evaluate the effects of AFYRW on H2O2-induced vascular injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were co-incubated with H2O2 for 2 h in the vascular injury model, and AFYRW was added 24 h in advance to investigate the protective mechanism of vascular injury. We identified that AFYRW inhibits oxidative stress, cell migration, cell invasion, and angiogenesis in H2O2-treated HUVECs. In addition, we found H2O2-induced upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB decreased by AFYRW. Taken together, AFYRW attenuated H2O2-induced vascular injury through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Thereby, AFYRW may serve as a therapeutic option for vascular injuries.

A Comprehensive Review of Self-Assembled Food Protein-Derived Multicomponent Peptides: From Forming Mechanism and Structural Diversity to Applications.

Food protein-derived multicomponent peptides (FPDMPs) are a natural blend of numerous peptides with various bioactivities and multiple active sites that can assume several energetically favorable conformations in solutions. The remarkable structural characteristics and functional attributes of FPDMPs make them promising codelivery carriers that can coassemble with different bioactive ingredients to induce multidimensional structures, such as fibrils, nanotubes, and nanospheres, thereby producing specific health benefits. This review offers a prospective analysis of FPDMPs-based self-assembly nanostructures, focusing on the mechanism of formation of self-assembled FPDMPs, the internal and external stimuli affecting peptide self-assembly, and their potential applications. In particular, we introduce the exciting prospect of constructing functional materials through precursor template-induced self-assembly of FPDMPs, which combine the bioactivity and self-assembly capacity of peptides and could dramatically broaden the functional utility of peptide-based materials.

A Novel LSTM-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Activity of Food Protein-Derived Antihypertensive Peptides

Food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides are a representative type of bioactive peptides. Several models based on partial least squares regression have been constructed to delineate the relationship between the structure and activity of the peptides. Machine-learning-based models have been applied in broad areas, which also indicates their potential to be incorporated into the field of bioactive peptides. In this study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm-based deep learning model was constructed, which could predict the IC50 value of the peptide in inhibiting ACE activity. In addition to the test dataset, the model was also validated using randomly synthesized peptides. The LSTM-based model constructed in this study provides an efficient and simplified method for screening antihypertensive peptides from food proteins.