Foundation For Protection Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE CULTIVATION OF SEEDLINGS IN THE GREENHOUSE

Greenhouses are the most advanced type of building in which crops can be grown with the help of modern engineering tools to create optimal conditions for growing plants. The role of greenhouses is to grow crops off-season, as well as to grow seedlings for protected and open ground. In the past, seedlings were often grown in biologically heated greenhouses and nurseries. Today, seedlings for the open ground are grown mainly in heated film greenhouses, and in backyards and backyards in small film-heated greenhouses in film greenhouses.

Tailoring Public Health Policies.

In an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19, many states and countries have adopted public health restrictions on activities previously considered commonplace: crossing state borders, eating indoors, gathering together, and even leaving one's home. These policies often focus on specific activities or groups, rather than imposing the same limits across the board. In this Article, I consider the law and ethics of these policies, which I call tailored policies.In Part II, I identify two types of tailored policies: activity-based and group-based. Activity-based restrictions respond to differences in the risks and benefits of specific activities, such as walking outdoors and dining indoors. Group-based restrictions consider differences between groups with respect to risk and benefit. Examples are policies that treat children or senior citizens differently, policies that require travelers to quarantine when traveling to a new destination, and policies that treat individuals differently based on whether they have COVID-19 symptoms, have tested positive for COVID-19, have previous COVID-19 infection, or have been vaccinated against COVID-19. In Part III, I consider the public health law grounding of tailored policies in the principles of "least restrictive means" and "well-targeting." I also examine how courts have analyzed tailored policies that have been challenged on fundamental rights or equal protection grounds. I argue that fundamental rights analyses typically favor tailored policies and that equal protection does not preclude the use of tailored policies even when imperfectly crafted. In Part IV, I consider three critiques of tailored policies, centering on the claims that they produce inequity, cause harm, or unacceptably limit liberty. I argue that we must evaluate restrictions comparatively: the question is not whether tailored policies are perfectly equitable, wholly prevent harm, or completely protect liberty, but whether they are better than untailored ones at realizing these goals in a pandemic. I also argue that evaluation must consider indirect harms and benefits as well as direct and apparent ones.

The nature of the manifestation of heterosis is a reliable indicator of a high specific combination ability in a cucumber of the bee-pollinated type

Relevance. One of the most important stages in the selection of agricultural crops for heterosis is the determination of the combinational ability, in particular, the evaluation of the SCS constants of lines of promising hybrid combinations. Purpose: on the basis of the best hybrid combinations, create promising cucumber hybrids for open and protected ground, for various purposes, characterized by a complex of economically useful features, including high fruit yield. Objective: to evaluate the effects of true, hypothetical, competitive heterosis of hybrids and SCA line constants in the studied F1 hybrid combinations.Materials and methods.The research work was carried out in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014-2018 in greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground when growing in a spread and on a trellis. Much attention was paid to the degree and nature of the manifestation of heterosis in F1 hybrids, which were evaluated by early and total yield, the yield of standard fruits, the yield of gherkins and greens. The degree of manifestation of true, hypothetical and competitive heterosis of hybrids is established and the SCA constants in the studied F1 combinations are evaluated. The standards were the F1 Zubrenok hybrids of selection the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture and Ajax of the Dutch selection. As testers, JL-6 and L.96 were used. In the studies, selection methods were used-pair and return crosses – backcrosses), self-pollination (incucht), selection (individual, group and mass).Results.With positive effects, all three types of heterosis (true, hypothetical and competitive) were observed in the spring-summer and summer rotations of film greenhouses and open ground when grown in a spread and on a trellis for most economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations 43x57 (seven traits); 71/55x41/86; 65x52 (six); 65x41/86, 65x96, 95x68 (five). High SCA constants were observed in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer rotations) and in open ground (in the spread and on the trellis) lines in combinations 71/55x41/86 (early, general and standard fruit yield; gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 and 7.1-9.0 cm (+1.0; +0.9; +10.6; +1.2), (+1.8; +4.9; +39.8; +2.6), (+2.0; +4.4; +36.8; +2.6), (+1.1; +1.5; +12.9; +2.3); 65x52 (gherkins yield fractions of 5.1-7.0 cm) (+12.2; +7.2; +12.5; +7.0); 43x57 (yield of gherkins of the fraction 5.1-7.0 cm) (+1.0; +2.0; +6.7; +2.0).

The impact of the labor process severity on the formation of health disorders of protected ground grower

Introduction. The severity of the labor process is one of the leading harmful factors of working conditions in greenhouse vegetable growing. Nevertheless, its influence on the formation of health disorders of vegetable growers has not been sufficiently studied. Material and methods. Physiological, hygienic and epidemiological studies were carried out, which included an assessment of the severity of work in the annual cycle, also the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and the neuromuscular system in the dynamics of the work shift, the general morbidity of vegetable growers according to registration forms No. 025/y. Results. During the labor activity, vegetable growers were established to be exposed to physical overloads caused by the severity of the labor process (classes 3.2, 3.3) in combination with a heating microclimate (classes 3.1-3.3). By the end of the work shift, there was an increase relative to the initial levels of heart rate (p<0.05), a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a reduction of maximum muscle strength (by 3.76-5.28%), and endurance of the muscles of the hands (by 18.5-33.15%). This indicated a decrease in working capacity and an increase in fatigue. A reduction in the Skibinski index (by 21.7%) and an increase in the index of resistance to hypoxia (by 38.9%) indicated a decrease in the body’s reserves of oxygen. Increased working levels of the index of functional changes testify about the tension of adaptation mechanisms and insufficient restoration of the body’s resources by the beginning of the shift. A decrease in the body’s physical condition and adaptive capabilities with an increase in professional experience was revealed (p<0.05). There were established statistically significant direct correlations between the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system (r=0.6), musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue (r=0.35) with work experience in the profession (p<0.05). Conclusion. The revealed violations of the functional state and health of female vegetable growers result from the influence of physical overload in a heating microclimate. The priority measures for the prevention of health disorders of vegetable growers are to reduce physical overload and thermal effects of the working environment.

The global economy and vegetable growing in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (results of 2020 and prospects for recovery

The article examines the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020. The quarantine measures introduced by the countries continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for food products and raw materials for their production decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The growth in the physical volumes of export of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation did not lead to a corresponding increase in revenue. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. At the same time, the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. Difficulties encountered in implementation. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.

Evaluation Of Flower Decorative Plants Cultivars Of Nemesia Vent In The Conditions Of Podillia

Due to the lack of information about biomorphological features and cultivation technology of species of the genus Nemesia Vent they are still rarely found on the territory of Ukraine and thus are of great interest for cultivation and use for the design of flower beds. The purpose of the scientific work was to analyse the current world assortment of the genus Nemesia Vent, as well as to study the features of flowering, reproductive ability, agrotechnics of growing cultivars of nemesia strumosa, and assess the prospects of their use in decorative gardening in Ukraine. During the research of nemesia strumosa cultivars, laboratory and field research methods were used. It was proved that all the studied cultivars received high ratings of their decorativeness, since the plants under the experimental conditions had well-developed inflorescences, abundant and long-lasting flowering. The plants retained the brightness of their colour throughout the entire period of the flower's life, adapted well to growing conditions, were practically not affected by diseases, and in general were quite resistant to unfavourable conditions. The Orange Prince cultivar proved to be the best of all the cultivars studied in terms of the duration and intensity of flowering, which reached its maximum values on the 60th day from the beginning of the phase with the number of 35 flowers per plant. The studied cultivars can be used in greening health complexes, recreation areas, office territories, adjacent territories, as well as in the design of various types of flower beds. The results of the obtained research are primarily necessary when choosing use cases, developing agricultural technology and breeding programmes, and for carrying out research work aimed at meeting the needs of horticulture. Considering that they are grown both for the needs of the protected ground and open gardening, the study of these issues is a significant contribution for botanical science in general, primarily for decorative gardening in Ukraine, as well as for practical floriculture and landscape design

Sex as a Protected Ground in International and Domestic Law

Abstract This volume in the Brill Research Perspectives in Comparative Discrimination Law addresses sex as a protected ground in international and domestic law. It compares sex discrimination protection through three thematic lenses. Firstly, it charts and compares the evolution and development of sex discrimination protection in international human rights law in three treaty-bodies – the CEDAW Committee, the HRC and the CESCR. Secondly, it then takes up the evolution and development of sex discrimination protection in three domestic law frameworks – the United States, Australia and India. Finally, the development of sex discrimination protection in international law is compared with the development of sex discrimination protection in the domestic legal contexts of the three country examples, with the implications of that comparison analysed. This volume seeks to show that despite differences in the way that international approaches to sex discrimination are translated into domestic law and differences in social, political and cultural contexts women face similar limitations in accessing justice through sex discrimination frameworks.

Research on eccentricity performance of winding wire capacitance rod position measurement sensor

Control rod step and scram measurement is performed by control rod position measurement sensor. For winding wire capacitance rod position measurement sensor, the static experiments were carried out and the sensor sensitivity was obtained, the finite element model was established and the results of the model were verified by experiment. The influence of wire pitch, winding method and wire number on the eccentricity performance was analyzed, and the design method of installing grounding protection electrodes was proposed. The optimized combination of parameters of the sensor was obtained. The results show that increasing wire pitch, evenly arranging the wires into two electrodes when the wire pitch is fixed, and reducing the wire number are helpful to reduce the maximum eccentricity error. Furthermore, the maximum eccentricity error can be greatly reduced by adding protection electrodes, and the optimized design can meet the requirement of rod position measurement without losing step.

Numerical study on the cooling characteristics of hybrid thermosyphons: Case study of the Giant Mine, Canada

Hybrid thermosyphons have been installed in several permafrost protection applications due to their ability to operate continuously irrespective of seasonal temperature variations. In winter seasons, the thermosyphon operates passively by transferring energy between the ground and cold ambient air; while in warmer/summer seasons, an active refrigeration plant is used as a substitute for colder climate to extract the heat and freeze the ground. This study presents a novel conjugate mathematical model of hybrid thermosyphons based on thermal resistance networks, coupled with transient two-phase artificial ground freezing heat flow based on the enthalpy method. The model is validated against laboratory experimental data from literature and field test data from the Giant Mine in Yellowknife, Canada. Various design and operating parameters are investigated with the aim to maximizing ground heat extraction while minimizing energy consumption. The results indicate that active refrigeration substantially accelerates the formation of the desired frozen ground volume. After a certain time, passive cooling mode can be continuously adopted to reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration plants while maintaining the desired frozen ground thickness. Finally, the model can be used to assist engineers and practitioners to optimize the design of hybrid thermosyphon for permafrost protection or other ground freezing applications.

Assessing Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Asylum Claims: Towards a Transgender Studies Framework for Particular Social Group and Persecution

In this article, I focus on gender identity and gender expression as grounds for international protection. After clarifying issues of terminology and theoretical framework, namely Transgender Studies, I criticize the current framework for determining membership in a Particular Social Group (PSG) for the purposes of the Refugee Convention, drawing on Berg and Millbank's work on the concept of self-identification and gender non-conformity as a means to assess transgender asylum claims (2013). I problematize the issues arising in the assessment of well-founded fear of persecution and the form it may take in transgender and gender non-conforming asylum claims. Drawing connections between sexuality and gender identity/expression claims, I attempt to provide a humanizing and depathologized framework for assessing the credibility of transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. Finally, by critiquing the work of Hathaway and Pobjoy and drawing from current human rights norms, I reflect on how to make good law with transgender cases without reproducing medicalized notions of gender identity or placing all the burden of proof on the applicants. In so doing, this article attempts to achieve a balance between theoretical and practical challenges that arise in the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process involving transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. This article serves as an attempt to critically review the existing scholarship within the framework of transgender studies and offers insights for a refined framework of refugee status determination based on an inclusive reading of Particular Social Group and persecution drawing on the reading of crucial case law from anglophone countries.

«Lighting price» of cucumber yield in the winter-spring turnover of greenhouses

Relevance. Among the main factors that determine the productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground, the main one is light. For the formation of 1 kg/m2 of cucumber fruits with a length of 18-22 cm, on average about 3500-4000 J/cm2 of solar radiation is required. In the winter-spring cycle, in the absence of artificial lighting in greenhouses, there is an unevenness of scattered solar radiation and a general shortage of incoming light energy. At the same time, the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ("lighting price") is not the same for different hybrids. To increase the profitability of production in the winter-spring turnover in greenhouses that are not equipped with artificial lighting, it is necessary to choose hybrids with the lowest "lighting price" of the crop, that is, hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit.The purpose of the study: evaluation of F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing their "lighting price" of the crop: how much energy is spent on the formation of 1 kg of marketable products.Methods. The research was carried out at the variety testing site in the Crimean breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection "Gavrish", in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. We tested seven medium-fruited (18-22 cm) spined-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover.Results. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The "lighting price" of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard greenhouse cucumbers.

Promising tomato hybrids for summer-autumn turnover in protected ground in Dagestan

Relevance. The region continues to build new industrial greenhouses every year, as well as mass construction of winter film greenhouses in the farms of the population of Flat and foothill Dagestan. Today, there are more than 250 hectares of them.Methods. Experimental work was carried out in the greenhouse of LLC Agro-AS in 2019-2020. Carried out selection and evaluation of promising hybrids of tomato for the summer-autumn turnover in greenhouses. Studied the duration of interphase periods, estimated the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence, determined the yield of tomato hybrids, and calculated the most economically promising ones for the natural and climatic conditions of Dagestan.Results. For the first time in the conditions of flat Dagestan, the following experimental data are proved the main elements of industrial technology for obtaining a high yield of tomatoes in protected ground structures using low-volume hydroponic technology on a coconut substrate were experimentally justified; highly productive tomato hybrids were identified for various protected ground structures; F1 hybrids were distinguished by good yield from the second decade of September to the second decade of December; hybrids such as Men-Shuai F1 and Mamston F1 provided 24.3 kg/m2 and 23.1 kg/m2 , respectively, according to the highest percentage of fruit setting, as well as the total and commercial yield. The term of planting seedlings in the substrate in the summer and autumn turnover in the conditions of the suburbs of Makhachkala on July 10 is economically effective, which ensures a high yield and net income per unit area. At the selling price of tomato fruits of 100-110 rubles per 1 kg, the profitability of production, depending on the timing of harvesting and sales, was 100-122%.

The influence of irrigation methods on the water regime and productivity of greenhouse tomatoes

Relevance. The water regime is one of the main processes in the life of the plant, optimizing which can increase the yield of cultivated crops. In protected ground conditions, the plants' water needs are met exclusively by irrigation. Irrigation is the most important means of increasing the yield of greenhouse crops, including tomato. Greenhouse tomatoes are very demanding on soil moisture, as well as on air humidity. To combat overheating of the air and plants, and to increase the relative humidity of the air in greenhouses, plants for evaporative cooling and humidification of plants are successfully used, which are especially effective in drip irrigation. The combination of drip irrigation with evaporative cooling makes it possible to control the water regime of the soil and air habitat of plants.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: to identify the most optimal method of water supply for greenhouse tomatoes. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the greenhouse complex "Yugagroholding", located in the suburbs of the city of Makhachkala. The object of research was a hybrid of tomato Mei shuai. The experiments included three options: sprinkling, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with evaporative cooling.Results. The comparative characteristics of irrigation methods by yield are presented, the results of which indicate the advantage of the second and third options over sprinkling: the highest yield was obtained in the third option and amounted to 14.7 kg/m2 . The best methods of water supply that ensure the optimal water regime of greenhouse tomatoes are identified-drip irrigation and drip irrigation in combination with evaporative cooling, the latter is the best in most indicators.

Cautious Optimism: Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)

Adverse effects discrimination arises when a law that appears to be neutral on its face has a disproportionate and negative impact on members of a group identified by a protected ground.1 The discrimination is usually not as easy to see as it is in cases of direct discrimination, where distinctions are drawn by a law, program, or policy. This may be why Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)2 is only the third adverse effects claim under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms3 to succeed since section 15 came into force in 1985.4 Fraser is notable simply because it is the first successful adverse effects claim in twenty-two years.5
 1 Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan. “Adverse Impact: The Supreme Court’s Approach to Adverse Effects Discrimination under Section 15 of the Charter” (2015) 19:2 Rev Const Stud Studies 191 at 196 [“Adverse Impact”]. 2 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter]. 4 The other two cases in which adverse effects claims were successful were Eldridge v British Columbia, [1997] 3 SCR 624, 151 DLR (4th) 577 [Eldridge cited to SCR] and Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493, 156 DLR (4th) 385 [Vriend cited to SCR]. 5 At least five adverse effects claims made under section 15 of the Charter failed in the intervening twentytwo years: Health Services and Support — Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn v British Columbia, 2007 SCC

Automatic Grounding Protection Technology for Low-Voltage Cable in Distribution Network Without Power Outage

With the continuous development of science and technology, the current era of low-voltage cable equipment has changed earthshaking compared with the traditional power failure equipment, and has a more significant application in the distribution network control system, effectively improve the work efficiency of power failure equipment. The rapid development of high voltage technology also provides a platform for the application of low voltage cable equipment. By expatiating the characteristics and present situation of the low-voltage cable equipment, this paper analyzes the application problems in the design of the non-power outage equipment system, and puts forward practical suggestions for readers’ reference.

ОСНОВАНИЯ ЗАЩИТЫ КРЕДИТОРОВ ПРИ РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИИ: ОПТИМАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ

The need for special protection of creditors during reorganisation requires a justification, which has never been specifically analysed in Russian law. The purpose of the study was to determine to what extent such protection should be provided. The article, based on the comparative legal method, reveals the grounds for such protection in the European сountries and compares it with domestic regulation. The study concludes that creditors should be protected only if there is damage from reorganisation.

Hygienic Assessment Of The Impact Of Adverse Factors On The State Of Operating Greenhouse Farms

Currently, along with the expansion of protected ground areas, the intensification of greenhouse crop production is carried out, providing for a higher organizational and technological level, providing effective ways to accelerate the growth and development of plants, as well as protect them from numerous pests and diseases. In solving the problems of supplying the country's population with fresh vegetables throughout the year, providing flower and ornamental plants, as well as carrying out year-round plant breeding, an important role should be played by greenhouse plant growing [5, 7, 11].

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПОДВОЕВ ТЫКВЫ ДЛЯ ПРИВИВКИ ОГУРЦА В ЗАЩИЩЕННОМ ГРУНТЕ

When growing herbaceous vegetable crops in the world practice, great importance is given to the use of grafting method. The development of environmentally safe methods to increase the yield and resistance of plants to adverse growing conditions is very relevant in vegetable production. One such method in pumpkin crops is grafting. The aim of our work was to study the effect of domestic pumpkin rootstock on growth, development and yield characteristics of cucumber hybrid using grafting method. Grafting on pumpkin species improved the growth and development of plants depending on the rootstock, compared with rootstock plants. The aim of our research was to study the influence of domestic pumpkin rootstock on the growth, development and yield characteristics of the cucumber hybrid (scion). As a scion, the variety (Asylum), recommended for cultivation in protected ground conditions, was used, which was grafted on five domestic rootstocks: 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), 2 (Karina), 3 (Aphrodite), 4 (Mindalnaya) and Russian selection 5 (Stofuntovaya) pumpkins from vegetable and melon crops. According to the generally accepted method, the graft was grafted (cucumber Asylum) on the rootstocks of pumpkin. Using a sample of pumpkin 1 (Mozoleevskaya 10), flowering began on the fifth day earlier in comparison with non-grafted plants, and when grafting on a sample of pumpkin 4 (Aphrodite), the fruit ripened earlier by six days. To get the greatest increase in early productivity by 30%, it is possible to use both rootstocks. A significant increase in total yield was provided by samples of rootstocks 2 (Karina) – 3.9 kg/m2 and 3 (Stofuntovaya) - 8.0 kg/m2. The grafted cucumber plants with all the rootstocks used were superior to the root ones in height, in terms of the percentage of marketability of fruits and in terms of fruit weight. At the beginning of fruiting on grafted cucumber plants, the number of female flowers increased depending on the sample. In all grafted plants, the dry matter content in the fruit increased significantly. Because of our research, rootstocks 2 (Karina) and 3 (Stofuntovaya) were noted, which are recommended for use in further research breeding work and the production of grafted plants.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГРОЗОЗАЩИТНЫХ ЗАЗЕМЛЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ

This work covers some problems in measurements and calculations related to lightning protection grounding systems of electrical grid objects. An insufficient understanding of some phenomena (soil ioni-zation, frequency dependence of electrical soil properties, lightning parameters, etc.) is marked out. The main calculation and measuring methods for electrical parameters of earth electrodes are listed.

Targeted conservation management of white pines in China: Integrating phylogeographic structure, niche modeling, and conservation gap analyses

White pines (Pinus subsect. Strobus) are important in many Northern Hemisphere forest ecosystems, and white pine species are often narrowly distributed or even endangered in China. In this study, we integrated phylogeography, ecological niche modeling, and conservation gap analysis to assess conservation priorities for the white pine species in China, and subsequently provided valuable insights for their effective conservation. First, to infer their phylogeographic structure, DNA sequence data were obtained for three plastid and two mitochondrial regions from 87 individuals representing all 12 natural species in China. Then, the effectiveness of existing protected areas (PAs) in China was evaluated by overlapping 1372 PAs to the current and future suitable habitats identified by MaxEnt. We also used the software Marxan to assess irreplaceable planning units (IPUs) and conservation priority areas. Our results revealed that the plastid and mitochondrial data generated different phylogenetic relationships, indicating historical introgressions among the white pine species. Additionally, half of the species in China, including endangered species such as P. dabeshanensis, P. wangii, and P. kwangtungensis, are poorly protected with low percentages (<10%) of suitable habitats held within the current PAs. We also identified 73,390 IPUs representing 201 conservation priority areas for the white pine species. Those IPUs, as well as priority areas, are also poorly protected especially in southern China. Our results demonstrated large conservation gaps for white pines in southern China that need to be filled by creating more nature reserves. Given these findings, we concluded that white pine species in China urgently need targeted conservation management to ensure effective protection and to maintain the species’ overall genetic diversity. Such management should include in situ and ex situ conservation, ground protection, and assisted migration.