Protective Buffer Research Articles

Land use conversion to agriculture impacts biodiversity, erosion control, and key soil properties in an Andean watershed

AbstractThe conversion of natural vegetation to agricultural land uses in mountainous Andean landscapes threatens an array of key ecological processes and ecosystem services (ES). In protected areas and buffer regions that provide water to cities, it is critical to understand how interactions between plants and soil communities sustain a range of ecosystem functions associated with nutrient recycling, soil structure, and erosion control. We sought to examine how land use conversion within a mountainous tropical forest landscape influences the diversity of vegetation and soil macrofauna communities, soil physicochemical properties, and hydrological regulation services. Biodiversity and a suite of key soil‐based ES were compared in five major land uses of the Cali River watershed: (1) annual cropping systems, (2) coffee plantations, (3) pastures, (4) abandoned shrubland, and (5) secondary forests. The diversity of woody and herbaceous vegetation, as well as soil macrofauna, was assessed in each land use. Soil chemical fertility and aggregate morphology were assessed via laboratory analyses and visual separation of soil aggregates based on their origin. Infiltration, runoff, and sediment production were measured using a portable rainfall simulator. We found a decrease in the diversity of woody vegetation across land uses to be associated with lower diversity of soil macrofauna. At the same time, agricultural management, annual crops in particular, supports the largest earthworm populations, likely due to increased organic inputs and low impact tillage, which appears not to diminish soil fertility and water infiltration. In contrast, the low soil fertility in pastures was associated with the lowest values of soil C, poor aggregation, and high bulk density and likely reflects overgrazing, with negative implications for water infiltration and erosion. Associations between the different sets of variables, evaluated with co‐inertia analysis, highlight the hierarchical relevance of plant cover and woody diversity on ES. The biological complexity associated with intact forest cover appears to generate “bundles” of co‐occurring ES, with this land use demonstrating the highest infiltration, and low runoff and sediment losses. Our findings demonstrate that forests and tree‐based agricultural systems may better contribute to the provision of multiple ES, including biodiversity conservation and hydrologic regulation.

Active Engagement, Protective Buffering, and Depressive Symptoms in Young-Midlife Couples Surviving Cancer: The Roles of Age and Sex.

ObjectiveCancer researchers have found midlife couples to have poorer outcomes compared to older couples due to the off-time nature of the illness for them. It is unknown if young couples (aged 18–39), who are under-represented in cancer studies and overlooked for supportive programs, are at further risk. This study explored the moderating roles of survivor age and sex on the associations between active engagement and protective buffering and depressive symptoms in couples surviving cancer.MethodsThe exploratory study comprised 49 couples (aged 27–58) 1–3 years post-diagnosis. Multilevel modeling was used to explore the moderating roles of survivor age and sex, controlling for interdependent data.ResultsApproximately, 37% of survivors and 27% of partners met clinical criteria for further assessment of depression, with 50% of couples having at least one member meeting the criteria. Survivors and their partners did not significantly differ on depressive symptoms, active engagement, or protective buffering. Male survivors reported significantly higher levels of active engagement by their partners than female survivors and female survivors reported significantly higher levels of protective buffering by their partners than male survivors. We found some evidence to suggest that survivor age and sex may play moderating roles between active engagement and protective buffering and depressive symptoms. Older partners and female survivors appeared to experience more positive effects from engaging in positive dyadic behaviors than younger partners and male survivors.ConclusionFindings not only confirm the important role of dyadic behaviors for couples surviving cancer together, but also the important roles of survivor age and sex may play in whether such behaviors are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Future research that examines these complex associations over time and across the adult life span in diverse populations is needed.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness May Protect Memory for Poorer Sleepers.

ObjectivesPhysical activity has been shown to protect executive functions against the deleterious effects of poorer sleep among older adults (OA); however, it is unknown whether memory is protected too, and if this relationship differs by age. The present study investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, sleep, and memory in both older and young adults (YA).MethodsThis observational study recruited 26 OA (70.7 ± 2.8 years) and 35 YA (21.0 ± 3.1 years). Participants completed the Rockport 1-mile walk test to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants wore an actigraph for 1 week to measure habitual sleep and returned for a second visit to perform the memory tests. The interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep to predict memory was assessed separately in OA and YA.ResultsIn OA, cardiorespiratory fitness significantly moderated the relationship between memory and sleep quality, specifically number of nighttime awakenings, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. Further analyses reveal that a high number of nighttime awakenings and low sleep efficiency significantly predicted worse memory performance in the low fit OA, but high fit OA. Notably, every nighttime awakening was associated with a nearly 4% decrease in memory in low fit OA, but not high fit OA. Wake after sleep onset did not significantly predict memory in either fitness group. No interaction was found when looking at sleep duration or self-report sleep quality in OA and no significant interactions were observed between fitness, sleep, and memory in YA.ConclusionOverall, the results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness may act as a protective buffer for memory in OA with poor sleep quality. These same was not true for YA suggesting that the protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on sleep-related memory impairments may be age specific.

Deforestation in Continental Ecuador with a Focus on Protected Areas

Forest conservation is of particular concern in tropical regions where a large refuge of biodiversity is still existing. These areas are threatened by deforestation, forest degradation and fragmentation. Especially, pressures of anthropogenic activities adjacent to these areas significantly influence conservation effectiveness. Ecuador was chosen as study area since it is a globally relevant center of forest ecosystems and biodiversity. We identified hotspots of deforestation on the national level of continental Ecuador between 1990 and 2018, analyzed the most significant drivers of deforestation on national and biome level (the Coast, the Andes, The Amazon) as well as inside protected areas in Ecuador by using multiple regression analysis. We separated the national system of protected areas (SNAP) into higher and lower protection levels. Besides SNAP, we also considered Biosphere Reserves (BRs) and Ramsar sites. In addition, we investigated the rates and spatial patterns of deforestation in protected areas and buffer zones (5 km and 10 km outwards the protected area boundaries) using landscape metrics. Between 1990 and 2018, approximately 4% of the accumulated deforestation occurred within the boundaries of SNAP, and up to 25.5% in buffer zones. The highest rates of deforestation have been found in the 5 km buffer zone around the protected areas with the highest protection level. Protected areas and their buffer zones with higher protection status were identified as the most deforested areas among SNAP. BRs had the highest deforestation rates among all protected areas but most of these areas just became BRs after the year 2000. The most important driver of deforestation is agriculture. Other relevant drivers differ between the biomes. The results suggest that the SNAP is generally effective to prevent deforestation within their protection boundaries. However, deforestation around protected areas can undermine conservation strategies to sustain biodiversity. Actions to address such dynamics and patterns of deforestation and forest fragmentation, and developing conservation strategies of their landscape context are urgently needed especially in the buffer zones of areas with the highest protection status.

Family Adjustment to Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Systematic Review.

Hereditary cancer syndromes are inherited pathogenic genetic variants that significantly increase the risk of developing cancer. When individuals become aware of their increased probability of having cancer, the whole family is affected by this new reality and needs to adjust. However, adjustment to hereditary cancer syndromes has been mainly studied at an individual level, and research about familial adjustment remains dispersed and disorganized. To overcome this gap, this review aims to understand how families adjust to genetic testing and risk management, and to what extent the family’s adjustment influences the psychological response and risk management behaviors of mutation carriers. We conducted searches on the PubMed/Med Line, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases and used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT-v2018) to assess the methodological quality of each selected study. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most results highlighted the interdependent nature of adjustment of pathogenic variant carriers and their families. The way carriers adjust to the syndrome is highly dependent on family functioning and related to how family members react to the new genetic information, particularly partners and siblings. Couples who share their worries and communicate openly about cancer risk present a better long-term adjustment than couples who use protective buffering (not talking about it to avoid disturbing the partner) or emotional distancing. Parents need help dealing with disclosing genetic information to their children. These findings reinforce the importance of adopting a family-centered approach in the context of genetic counseling and the necessity of involving family members in research.

Systemic safety inequities for people with learning disabilities: a qualitative integrative analysis of the experiences of English health and social care for people with learning disabilities, their families and carers

BackgroundFailures in care for people with learning disabilities have been repeatedly highlighted and remain an international issue, exemplified by a disparity in premature death due to poor quality and unsafe care. This needs urgent attention. Therefore, the aim of the study was to understand the care experiences of people with learning disabilities, and explore the potential patient safety issues they, their carers and families raised.MethodsTwo data sources exploring the lived experience of care for people with learning disabilities were synthesised using an integrative approach, and explored using reflexive thematic analysis. This comprised two focus groups with a total of 13 people with learning disabilities and supportive staff, and 377 narratives posted publicly via the feedback platform Care Opinion.ResultsThe qualitative exploration highlighted three key themes. Firstly, health and social care systems operated with varying levels of rigidity. This contributed to an inability to effectively cater to; complex and individualised care needs, written and verbal communication needs and needs for adequate time and space. Secondly, there were various gaps and traps within systems for this population. This highlighted the importance of care continuity, interoperability and attending to the variation in support provision from professionals. Finally, essential ‘dependency work’ was reliant upon social capital and fulfilled by paid and unpaid caring roles to divergent extents, however, advocacy provided an additional supportive safety net.ConclusionsA series of safety inequities have been identified for people with learning disabilities, alongside potential protective buffers. These include; access to social support and advocacy, a malleable system able to accommodate for individualised care and communication needs, adequate staffing levels, sufficient learning disabilities expertise within and between care settings, and the interoperability of safety initiatives. In order to attend to the safety inequities for this population, these factors need to be considered at a policy and organisational level, spanning across health and social care systems. Findings have wide ranging implications for those with learning disabilities, their carers and families and health and social care providers, with the potential for international learning more widely.

Peer Victimization and Adverse Psychosocial Wellbeing of Black/White Biracial Adolescents: Is Ease of Talking With Family a Protective Buffer?

A limited number of findings from empirical studies show that biracial adolescents are at a heightened risk of peer victimization. Black/White biracial adolescents are frequent targets of peer victimization due to racism and systematic oppression that are inherent in U.S. schools. Similar to adolescents of other racial and ethnic groups, biracial adolescents who are victimized by their peers are likely to exhibit psychosocial and behavioral issues. However, little is known about protective factors that might buffer the link between peer victimization and adverse outcomes of these youth. The study examines whether perceived ease of talking with parents and siblings moderates the association between peer victimization and psychosocial problems among Black/White biracial early adolescents. Data were derived from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study. Participants were 158 early adolescents, ages 10–14, who self-reported as both Black and White. Adolescents who perceived their fathers as easy to talk to were less likely to bully others or carry a weapon when victimized by their peers. Adolescents who perceived their mothers to be easy to talk to were less likely to carry a weapon. There were also lower rates of psychosomatic symptoms for youth who reported perceived ease talking with siblings. Impact Statement The current study is one of the few empirical studies that examined the association between peer victimization and adverse psychosocial wellbeing as well as protective factors that buffer this association among a sample of Black/White biracial adolescents. Findings from this study contribute to a growing demand for additional research on biracial adolescents and their peer victimization experiences, which provides concrete insights for possible interventions. In this perspective, the study findings can also bring relevance to the development and implementation of antibullying programs that are culturally appropriate for biracial adolescents.

Trans Masculinity: Comparing Trans Masculine Individuals’ and Cisgender Men’s Conformity to Hegemonic Masculinity

IntroductionMasculinity and masculine norms are still relevant in the current social context. Literature showed that some masculine norms could be considered protective health buffers, while traditional masculinity has negative consequences on men’s behaviors, relationships, and health.MethodsIn the present study, we aimed at investigating trans masculine and cisgender men’s levels of adherence to different dimensions of hegemonic masculinity. A total of 200 participants (100 trans masculine people and 100 cisgender men) took part in the study.ResultsResults exhibit that trans masculine individuals showed higher scores than cisgender men on the dimensions of emotional control and self-reliance, whereas cisgender men showed higher endorsement of norms such as heterosexual self-presentation and power over women.ConclusionsResults are discussed in light of the minority stress model and masculinity threat theory.Policy ImplicationsThe present work should act as a reminder of the pressure that trans masculine people may feel to conform to certain aspects of hegemonic masculinity. This may have the adaptive function of protecting them from the discrimination and threats that they expect from others.

Teacher wellbeing and social support: a phenomenological study

ABSTRACT Background Internationally, teachers are increasingly reporting elevated levels of stress, anxiety, exhaustion and burnout. Although social support has been found to be a protective buffer against stress, depression and burnout, there have been limited strength-based studies examining the relationship between social support and teacher wellbeing. There is also a need for qualitative research to facilitate in-depth understanding of teachers’ application of positive psychology strategies to improve wellbeing. Purpose Using the positive psychology PERMA wellbeing framework, this strengths-based, qualitative study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by asking: what are teachers’ experiences of consciously providing social support to their colleagues, and what are the reported effects on their wellbeing and teaching practice? Method The study employed a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were held at three time points with a small sample of five Australian teachers, none of whom had previous experience with applying positive psychology strategies to support their wellbeing. The study required participants consciously to use the positive psychology strategy of providing social support to their colleagues for 15 working days. In addition, the teachers completed daily written reflections. Data from the interviews and written reflections were analysed thematically. Findings The core themes emerging from the data were ‘eudaimonia and altruism’, ‘friendship’ and ‘pedagogical practice and professional development’. Teachers reported providing social support at work by engaging in eudaimonic and altruistic behaviours, supporting their own wellbeing, collegial relationships, pedagogical practices, professional development and whole school operational practices. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of understanding how teachers provide social support, and the flow-on effects of socially supportive behaviours in schools. Findings from this study may inform future research and changes to pedagogical practices and professional development that are supportive of teacher social support and teacher wellbeing.

Not Just about the Money: Which Job Qualities Compensate for Unjust Pay?

Social scientists have documented that perceived underpayment is a chronic stressor that has clear links to job dissatisfaction. However, few have evaluated which job qualities function as alternative compensating rewards that weaken this relationship. Using the job demands–resources model as a guide, the authors investigate the moderating effects of prominent job qualities: support, control, challenge, and advancement opportunities. Analysis of a national sample of Canadian workers confirms that perceived underpayment is associated with job dissatisfaction. The authors elaborate on this relationship by documenting that job qualities located at the organizational and interpersonal levels—advancement opportunities, supervisor support, and schedule flexibility—function as protective buffers, but job qualities located at the individual task level (job autonomy and job challenge) do not. These observations have theoretical and practical implications by specifying the particular job qualities that buffer the effects of perceived underpayment. The authors integrate insights from organizational support theory to interpret the underlying mechanisms.

Understanding migration to protected area buffer zones in Costa Rica utilizing cultural consensus analysis

Human migration to the world’s protected areas’ (PA) buffer zones is widely seen as a significant threat to conserving biodiversity. Research since 2005 has demonstrated some evidence for global migration trends but also highlighted the simultaneous need to understand the local, contextual factors that drive migration around individual PAs. Investigation into human migration patterns to these buffer zones has frequently relied on methods that do not accurately capture the calculus used by migrants in their decisions. The research presented here uses a mixed-methods, cognitive anthropological approach to assess the motivations of Costa Rican migrants to the buffer zones of three national parks. Employing cultural consensus analysis methodology in combination with a demographic analysis based on the Costa Rican census, this study was able to develop important insights into Costa Rican migrant motivations. Importantly, the research finds that there is not a single cultural model among the migrants surveyed regarding conditions driving their decisions. However, data collected indicate significant trends in migrants’ evaluation of critical variables driving decisions, how they relate to one another, and their significance to these migrants. Thus, migrant assessments of the conditions of these variables in both previous and current communities reveal a more complex, contextual picture. This work demonstrates the potential of cognitive anthropological methods to help unpack migrant decision making and help conservation managers understand the factors that drive migration to surrounding communities. The analysis provides further evidence supporting calls for methods that help managers and communities understand the particularities of migration behavior in PA contexts.

Mental health implications of the acting white accusation: The role of cultural betrayal and ethnic-racial identity among Black and Latina/o emerging adults.

The "acting white" accusation (AWA) is a cultural invalidation commonly experienced by people of color that challenges their ethnic-racial authenticity for demonstrating behaviors that are not traditionally associated with their ethnic-racial group. Prior research shows that the AWA has negative implications for mental health and ethnic-racial identity (ERI). Cultural betrayal trauma theory also suggests that harmful events perpetrated by ingroup members have unique harm due to the violation of (intra)cultural trust. Prior research has yet to examine the distinct mental health implications of the AWA from ethnic-racial ingroup versus outgroup perpetrators. The present study examines this gap in the literature using longitudinal data and investigates whether ERI centrality moderates the relationship between AWA perpetrators and mental health outcomes. Emerging adults (N = 401; 43% Black, 57% Latina/o; 65% female) were recruited upon enrollment at five predominantly White universities in the Midwest U.S. and surveyed multiple times over their first year of college. Results indicated that AWA insults from ethnic-racial ingroup members were associated with more severe mental health outcomes (greater anxiety and depressive symptoms). Further, ERI centrality provided a protective buffering effect that reduced depressive symptoms, but this effect only occurred for students who received the AWA from White perpetrators and ERI centrality was not protective against AWA insults from ingroup perpetrators. Study findings highlight that specific AWA perpetrators and a person's level of ERI centrality should be taken into consideration when determining the best strategies for helping Black and Latina/o college students cope with cultural invalidations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

南方丘陵山区生态安全格局构建与优化修复——以瑞金市为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 南方丘陵山区生态安全格局构建与优化修复——以瑞金市为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202106061490 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41861036）；中国博士后科学基金面上一等资助项目（2018M630738）；江西省自然科学基金项目（20192BAB213023）；江西省教育厅科技项目（GJJ200504） Construction, optimization and restoration of ecological security pattern in the southern hilly and mountainous region of China: A case study in Ruijin City Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41861036); the 63th Batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M630738); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20192BAB213023); and the Science and Technology Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ200504) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:构建科学合理的生态安全格局、落实生态保护修复与空间优化是促进区域生态系统健康运行和社会经济可持续发展的重要途径。以南方丘陵山区瑞金市为例，综合生态敏感性评价与最小阻力模型，解构瑞金市生态安全格局及其自然生态与社会经济特点，并提出生态保护修复与空间优化方案。结果显示：（1）瑞金市生态源地共有123.22km2，占总国土面积5%，主要为重要山林地和水域，环绕中部盆地呈卫星状分布；（2）潜在廊道119条，生态节点72个，在周边山地呈闭合网络状，但中部盆地廊道单一、节点密集，网络连通性较低；（3）瑞金市是典型的高原型阻力面，中部盆地城镇发展区、沟域经济延伸带、西部工矿挖采点生态阻力高、源地辐射弱，应生态预警与重点修复。瑞金市生态保护修复与空间优化应宏观统筹、分区推进、精细落实，划分生态修复核心区、生态监测预警区、生态保护缓冲区和生态保护重点区，明确空间管控原则、分区推进生态保护，围绕"源地-廊道-节点"落实生态修复。 Abstract:Establishing ecological security patterns, and implementing ecological restoration and spatial optimization are important ways to promote the health of regional ecosystems and the sustainable development of society and economy. Using Ruijin City, a southern hilly and mountainous region of China, as a case, this study demonstrated the regional ecological security patterns and the bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics through ecological sensitivity assessment and a least resistance model. Then the strategies for ecological restoration and spatial optimization were finally proposed. The results show that:(1) the identified ecological source areas in Ruijin City is 123.22km2, accounting for 5% of the total area. They are mainly composed of important mountainous forests and water bodies, and distributed around the central basin. (2) There are 119 potential corridors and 72 ecological nodes, which form a closed network in the surrounding mountains. However, the central basin only possesses a single corridor with dense nodes and low network connectivity. (3) The mountainous Ruijin City turns to be a typical plateau resistance surface. The urban areas under development in the central basin, the economic extension zone in the gully area, and the west mining areas, where the ecological resistance is extremely high while the radiation from the ecological source is weak, should be ecologically pre-warned and restored with priority. In terms of spatial optimization and ecological protection and restoration in Ruijin City, the work should be arranged macroscopically as a whole, propelled regionally and implemented meticulously. Moreover, the ecological restoration core area, the ecological monitoring and pre-warning area, the ecological protection buffer area, and the ecological protection key area should be classified with distinct principles for spatial regulation. Specific countermeasures for regional ecological protection and restoration should be based on the "source-corridor-node" pattern. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Relationship between Cancer Caregiver Burden and Psychological Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Social Connectedness.

The present study: (a) examined the extent of caregiver burden and psychological wellbeing and (b) tested whether social connectedness moderated the association between caregiver burden and psychological symptoms in caregivers of people with cancer. The cross-sectional survey study included 189 cancer caregivers (mean age = 36.19 years, standard deviation = 11.78; 80.4% female). Data were collected on caregiver burden, social connectedness, and depression and anxiety. Moderation analysis was conducted to examine the effect of social connectedness on the relationship between caregiver burden and depression and anxiety. Caregiver burden was positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Controlling for significant demographic and caregiver characteristics, the moderation model showed as perceived social connectedness increased, the relationship between caregiver burden and depression decreased (β = −0.007, se = 0.004, 95% CI: −0.014, 0.000, p = 0.05). By contrast, social connectedness did not moderate the association between caregiver burden and anxiety. Findings have implications for the management of depression in cancer caregivers. Social connectedness appears to provide a protective buffer from the negative impacts of caregiving, providing increased psychological resources to manage the burden associated with caregiving, resulting in lower depression. Research on strategies to improve caregiver wellbeing through enhancing engagement with social networks in ways that improve perceived sense of connectedness with others is warranted.

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF ACTIVITY OF THE RUSSIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACTIVE REGULATION OF OPERATING COSTS AND EXTERNAL EFFECTS (SHOCKS)

The author considers influences of active regulation of operating costs and negative effects (shocks) on financial policy of the Russian public companies. The Russian firms make the choice for benefit of internal financing for the purpose of increase in the corporate benefit in the conditions of external financial restrictions (sectoral sanctions). Growth of the corporate benefit leads to increment of company assets and respectively to welfare of the shareholder. The Russian public companies will review the capital structure in the conditions of growth of adjustment costs. The active policy of the Russian companies is connected with availability of sufficient size of assets which are source of mortgage providing for regulation of capital structure. Thereby, the organization solves problem of adverse selection – financing source selection taking into account its price. The companies are forced to regulate actively the capital structure in the conditions of growth of operating costs and negative shocks. Regulation of capital structure is connected with the aspiration of the company to keep part of debt for its use as financing source. Operating costs are the indicator estimating efficiency of management decisions. The Russian companies will finance the investments, first of all, by internal financing sources. Cash flows are the resource servicing the investment capital. The firms will be attracted the loan capital in the period of deficit of cash flow. The Russian companies will work in logic of precautionary motive, creating monetary stock in the conditions of shocks. The precautionary motive is the protective buffer from negative impacts from the capital markets. Low values of cash flows allow to limit the management concerning his illegal behavior – decision making in private interests.

Families Playing Animal Crossing Together: Coping With Video Games During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic was stressful for everyone, particularly for families who had to supervise and support children, facilitate remote schooling, and manage work and home life. We consider how families coped with pandemic-related stress using the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons. Combining a family coping framework with theorizing about media as a coping tool, this interview study of 27 families (33 parents and 37 children) found that parents and children individual coped with pandemic-related stress with media. Parents engaged in protective buffering of their children with media, taking on individual responsibility to cope with a collective problem. Families engaged in communal coping, whereby media helped the family cope with a collective problem, taking on shared ownership and responsibility. We provide evidence for video games as coping tools, but with the novel consideration of family coping with media.

Modeling the Size of Protection Zones of Cultural Heritage Sites Based on Factors of the Historical and Cultural Assessment of Lands

This article addresses the global issue of preserving cultural heritage, which is associated, among other things, with the lack of provision for boundaries of protection zones for cultural heritage sites. This paper analyzes the worldwide experience in the field of establishing protection zones for cultural heritage sites, identifies the issues of preserving cultural heritage in Russia, as well as imperfections in the management of lands containing cultural heritage sites. To improve the management of such lands, a method of historical and cultural assessment of territories has been developed, which, on the basis of evaluative factors, makes it possible to characterize the historical and cultural value of a territory. In this article, based on this list of factors, a method for mathematical substantiation of the boundaries of protection zones of cultural heritage sites has been developed; this method includes seven stages. Using mathematical and statistical methods, models were obtained to determine the area of the protection (buffer) zone and the development control zone, the analysis of which revealed differentiation between the factors of historical and cultural assessment that characterize the urban environment, depending on the type of zones. The interpretation of the obtained models and the fields of their use are given.

Impact of Disturbances on Species Diversity and Regeneration of Nepalese Sal (Shorea robusta) Forests Managed under Different Management Regimes

Sal (Shorea robusta) forests, a dominant forest type in Nepal, experience different disturbance intensities depending on management regimes. This study compares the impact of disturbance on Nepalese Sal forests, which are managed on three major management regimes: protected area, state-managed forest, and buffer zone community forest. Using a systematic sampling approach, we sampled 20 plots, each covering 500 square meters, and nested plots within each main plot to measure pole and regeneration for each management regime. We recorded forest characteristics including tree species, counts, diameter, height, crown cover, and disturbance indicators. We compared forest attributes such as diversity indices, species richness, and stand structure by management regime using analysis of variance and regression analysis. The forest management regimes were classified into three disturbance levels based on disturbance factor bundles, and the buffer zone community forest was found to have the highest disturbance while the protected forest had the lowest disturbance. Species richness, diversity, evenness, abundance, density and basal area were higher, but regeneration was lower in protected area and state-managed forest compared to the buffer zone community forests. This suggests positive impacts of moderate disturbance on regeneration. The management plan should prioritize the minimization of excessive disturbance to balance forest conservation and provide forest resources to local users.

Open Communication and Physical Intimacy in Young and Midlife Couples Surviving Cancer Beyond the First Year of Diagnosis.

To assess the association between levels of dyadic coping (e.g., collaboration, communication) and sexual satisfaction in young and midlife couples surviving cancer beyond the first year of diagnosis. This cross-sectional study included 49 young and midlife couples (aged 21-57 years) beyond the first year of diagnosis. Couples were from rural and urban areas. A mailed survey was used to gather data from cancer survivors and their partners. Controlling for cancer survivor sex and age, open communication was significantly associated with greater involvement in affectionate and sexual behaviors of the couple. Protective buffering behaviors (i.e., concealing worries and avoiding communication) were not significantly associated with engagement in physical intimacy. Perception of how much a partner openly communicates was more salient for engaging in physical intimacy than one's own open communication. Nurses should include partners in planned care, assess the concerns of the partner, and treat the couple as the unit of care.

Relationships among stress, resilience, and incivility in undergraduate nursing students and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic: Policy implications for nurse leaders.

Developing successful targeted interventions to reduce incivility for undergraduate nursing students and educators will require understanding the differences in their unique experiences. Although resilience may act as protective buffer against stressors, little is known about the relationships between stress, resilience, and perceptions of the frequency of incivility in the academic environment. The purpose of this study was to compare relationships among and differences between perceptions of incivility frequency and self-reported stress and resilience levels in undergraduate nursing students and faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative descriptive and correlational research design was utilized. An online survey was used to collect data from undergraduate nursing students and faculty (n=710) at one public university. Students were significantly more stressed and less resilient than faculty. Faculty reported significantly greater low and high-level student and low-level faculty incivility behaviors than students. Understanding student and faculty perceptions of uncivil behavior frequency occurring at the intersection of high stress and moderate resilience levels is key to the creation of targeted interventions and policy development.