Protection Unit Research Articles

Empowerment of Satlinmas in Improving Public Order and Security

The general background highlights the growing need for community involvement in safeguarding human rights and maintaining social stability, particularly in the context of regional apparatus empowerment. The specific background focuses on the role of Satlinmas in Candi District, where community members are organized to take an active part in protecting citizens against human rights violations. Despite existing research on community empowerment, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of Satlinmas in achieving these goals. This study aims to investigate how Satlinmas empowerment contributes to maintaining public order and security through a framework called Tri Bina, which encompasses Human Development, Business Development, and Environmental Development. The results indicate that Satlinmas has successfully enhanced community capacity through training and education, supported local businesses by ensuring a conducive environment for economic activities, and engaged in environmental preservation efforts. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to community empowerment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of various developmental aspects. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of integrating community protection units into broader public safety strategies, highlighting the potential for improved community resilience and collaboration in safeguarding rights and maintaining order. Highlights: Community protection units improve public order and security. Tri Bina framework enhances human, business, and environmental development. SATLINMAS promotes community engagement in safety and environmental cleanliness. Keywords: Empowerment, Security, Environment, Community, Business

Catalytic Decontamination of Carbon Monoxide Using Strong Metal–Support Interactions on TiO2 Microparticles

The traditional catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) using metal oxide catalysts often requires either high temperatures (thermocatalysis) or ultraviolet light (UV) excitation (photocatalysis), limiting practical applications under ambient conditions. Our research aimed to develop a catalytic system capable of oxidizing CO to CO2 at room temperature and in the dark. Using the Strong Metal–Support Interaction (SMSI) methodology, several titanium oxide (TiO2)-complexed metals were prepared (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt). The highest catalytic efficiency of CO oxidation at room temperature was demonstrated for the TiO2-Pt complex. Therefore, this complex was further examined structurally and functionally. Two modes of operation were addressed. The first involved applying the catalytic system to remove CO from an individual’s environment (environmental system), while the second involved the installation of the catalysis chamber as a part of a personal protection unit (e.g., a mask). The catalytic activity exhibited a significant reduction in CO levels in both the environmental and personal protection scenarios. The practical application of the system was demonstrated through efficient CO oxidation in air emitted from a controlled fire experiment conducted in collaboration with the Israel Fire and Rescue Authority.

Brazilian Cerrado and Conservation Units

Objective: The present study aims to demonstrate the importance of the Brazilian cerrado, and its preservation through Conservation Units (UC’S). Theoretical Framework: The cerrado is home to one of the main components of Brazilian fauna and flora and is considered one of the twenty-five global hotspots. Even though it is not a cataloged biome, it covers around two million square kilometers, second in size only to the Amazon forests among South American biomes (COLLI et al. 2020). It is filled with several Conservation Units, divided into two groups: Integral Protection Units and Sustainable Use Units, which are complementary components of the cerrado, important for protecting biodiversity. Despite its importance as a natural environmental instrument, the cerrado has already lost approximately 56% of its coverage (KLINK; MACHADO, 2005). Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a comprehensive analysis, instrumented by a deductive approach and bibliographic and documentary procedures. Results and discussion: The results demonstrate that UC'S, especially those with full protection, are important strategies for preserving biodiversity and ecosystems, in addition to stopping the expansion of activities that degrade the environment, such as agricultural expansion, mining, urbanization and construction of hydroelectric plants. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how cerrado areas still seek recognition, appreciation, protection and conservation. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature and draws attention, especially from the academic community, to the need to create new Conservation Units and effectively maintain those already created.

OPTIMIZATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM SAFETY THROUGH DATA ANALYSIS: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD FOR EVENT MONITORING AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGY FORMULATION

The development of the photovoltaic (PV) sector in Poland, as a crucial component of the renewableenergy transition strategy, faces a challenge related to limited user awareness of operational risks.Our study addresses this gap by presenting the development and implementation of an interactivedashboard for the National Fire Department’s Decision Support System (SWD PSP), aimed atoptimizing the safety of PV installations through data analysis and the formulation of preventivestrategies. Utilizing data from fire protection units, this tool enables the monitoring of incidentsand identification of potential threats, while simultaneously increasing societal awareness. Thedashboard, leveraging advanced data visualization techniques, provides easy navigation anddynamic presentation of statistics, facilitating quick responses to changing data and potentialhazards. The results of our study highlight the significance of such tools in enhancing the safety ofusing PV installations, which can contribute to the further development of the renewable energysector, ensuring its safety and efficiency.

Метод обработки сигналов токов статора асинхронного двигателя для диагностики обрыва стержня ротора

The study is relevant due to high requirements to the reliability of the operation of auxiliary mechanisms of thermal power plants (TPP). The main source of mechanical power of auxiliary mechanisms of TPPs is high-voltage induction motor with squirrel cage rotor (IMSC). One of the most difficult causes of emergency shutdown to detect early is a broken rotor bar. The breakage of IMSC rotor bar is of latent character. It can be for a long time without considerable influence on the machine operation mode. Nevertheless, the fact of the breakage can be considered as an emergency condition of IMSC, and the consequences of leaving the groove of the magnetic core are irreversible. Scientifically, early diagnostics of IMSC rotor bars breakage of TPP auxiliary needs is both a difficult and extremely urgent task. The existing methods of diagnostics of such damage are based on measurement and analysis of vibration and acoustic physical quantities. The most common electrical parameter, used as a source of information, as a rule, is current consumption. And most of methods are based on Fourier analysis. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical algorithm to process digitized curves of stator phase currents to diagnose high-voltage IMSC. The theory of electric machines, the method of analytical approximation of experimental data, the method of regression analysis have been used to solve the problem. Experimental data is obtained, and testing of the algorithm is conducted on an experimental installation with a 0,4 kV induction motor with a modified design of the active part of the rotor developed for physical simulation of IMSC broken rotor bar. This paper proposes a new method of digital processing of stator current signals based on the regression analysis method for diagnostics of IMSC rotor winding. The authors have developed an algorithm for mathematical processing of digitized stator current curves based on regression analysis in the cosine-sine basis to identify the diagnostic sign of failure of one rotor bar of IMSC rotor. The authors have determined the number of harmonic components that best describe the initial signal from the point of view of the balance between saving computational resources and accuracy of approximation. A mathematical algorithm to detect the rotor bar breakage of an induction motor based on regression analysis of stator currents has been obtained and tested. It allows to detect rotor circuit damage with 97 % accuracy. At the same time the diagnostic sign changes its level when one bar breaks by 5 %. It is recommended to adapt the algorithm to the programming languages of microprocessor relay protection units.

Information for Decision Making in Child Protection: A study of Decision Making in Delhi

Decision making is a complex phenomenon which is usually defined as a process or a sequence of activities involving the stages of problem recognition, search for information, definition of alternatives and the selection of one from two or more alternatives with the highest degree of reward. Best Interest of the Child is one of the guiding principles under the UNCRC Article 3). Decision making in the ‘Best Interest of the Child’ in the field of child protection is necessary as the life of the child revolves around the decisions taken for him/her. In normal circumstances, the onus of taking decision for the child is on the biological parents. However, due to certain circumstances which push the children out of the safety net, the decision-making shifts to the state which has the duty to preserve the rights of the children. It is therefore important to examine the dynamics of decision making in the area of child protection by the state. Data was collected from key functionaries involved in decision making in child protection, including District Child Protection Units and Child Welfare Committee members on various aspects of their decision making Results of the study revealed that decision mkers often face difficulties in taking decisions ensuring the Best Interest of the Child due to insufficient, inaccurate and lack of quality information about the child.

Listing Villages for Conservation: Practices and Impacts of the Village Conservation Project in China

ABSTRACT Due to the rapid destruction and disappearance of villages caused by mass urbanisation in China over the past decades, the Chinese government launched in the 1990s a nationwide ‘village conservation project.’ Villages are officially viewed as a fundamental component of Chinese society, integrating essential elements of Chinese heritage and culture. Consequently, the government has created multiple officially recognised lists to restore, protect, and showcase traditional villages, such as wenwu baohu danwei (cultural relics protection units), lishi wenhua mingcun (historical and cultural villages), chuantong cunluo (traditional villages), xiangcun lvyou zhongdiancun (rural tourism key villages), and meili yiju cunzhuang (beautiful and livable villages). By examining the implementation process of this ‘village conservation project’, this study reveals the motivations and impacts of the Chinese government’s efforts in listing villages for conservation and development. This study contributes to museum and heritage studies by providing a lens for understanding the conservation practices in rural areas in China.

A high-precision automatic extraction method for shedding diseases of painted cultural relics based on three-dimensional fine color model

In recent years, with the development of 3D digitization of cultural relics, most cultural sites contain a large number of fine 3D data of cultural relics, especially complex geometric objects such as painted cultural relics. At present, how to automatically extract surface damage information from the fine 3D color model of painted cultural relics and avoid the loss of accuracy caused by reducing the dimension using conventional methods is an urgentproblem. In view of the above issues, this paper proposes an automatic and high-precision extraction method for cultural relics surface shedding diseases based on 3D fine data. First, this paper designs a 2D and 3D integrated data conversion model based on OpenSceneGraph, a 3D engine, which performs mutual conversion between 3D color model textures and 2D images. Second, this paper proposes a simple linear iterative clustering segmentation algorithm with an adaptive k value, which solves the problem of setting the superpixel k value and improves the accuracy of image segmentation. Finally, through the 2D and 3D integrated models, the disease is statistically analyzed and labeled on the 3D model. Experiments show that for painted plastic objects with complex surfaces, the disease extraction method based on the 3D fine model proposed in this paper has improved geometric accuracy compared with the current popular orthophoto extraction method, and the disease investigation is more comprehensive. Compared with the current 3D manual extraction method in commercial software, this method greatly improves the efficiency of disease extraction while ensuring extraction accuracy. The research method of this paper activates many existing 3D fine data of cultural protection units and converts conventional 2D data mining and analysis into 3D, which is more in line with the scientific utilization of data in terms of accuracy and efficiency and has certain scientific research value, leading value and practical significance.

MISUNDERSTANDINGS REGARDING THE OPERATION OF THE BRITISH FLOYDFORCE AMONG YUGOSLAV PARTISANS

Floydforce was a British artillery force that landed in Yugoslavia in October 1944 together with its protection units. Its task was to provide artillery support to the Yugoslav Partisan army in combat against the German units retreating from Albania, Greece, and Yugoslavia. Together with the Partisans and the Balkan Air Force (BAF), Floydforce participated in attacks on the retreating German units, including operations Risan and Podgorica. The leadership of the Partisan movement kept a close eye on the activities of the British units in Yugoslavia because Tito was concerned that the Greek scenario would also play out in Yugoslavia and because, first and foremost, he wanted Yugoslavia to be liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans without the help of the Anglo-American Allies. Floydforce assisted the Partisans for the last time in the Mostar and Zadar areas, after which the Partisans began to reject British assistance. At the end of January 1945, Floydforce had to withdraw from Yugoslavia.

INNOVATIVE HOSE GAMMA FLAW DETECTOR “RID 50W”

An innovative model of a portable class hose gamma flaw detector “RID 50W” is presented, equipped with environmentally friendly tungsten components: a biological protection unit, a shutter assembly and a multi-link source holder for working with emitters based on 75Se and 192Ir. The design features of the radiation head model, the principles of release and shutdown of the radiation beam in the “RID 50W” apparatus, issues of optimization, synthesis, and computer engineering of critical components are considered, and a quantitative assessment of the technical parameters and characteristics of the equipment is presented. The exposure dose rate of the diffusion flux of penetrating gamma radiation from a working emitter based on 192Ir was calculated in the Geant4 software package, followed by practical verification using standard dosimetric monitoring tools. Conclusions based on the results of verification of the obtained data are presented. The design and operating principle of a patented laser sight designed to expand the functionality of a hose gamma flaw detector during operation, including in critical conditions of structural constraint, is also considered.

Natural language recognition technology in the training of hybrid teams of fire protection units

Natural language recognition technology in the training of hybrid teams of fire protection units

Enhancing public safety and order: Assessing the role of SATLINMAS in Bandung

The research examines the function of the community protection unit in upholding public safety and order within Bandung City, Indonesia; operating within the framework of Sishankamrata (the community defense and security system). It is a crucial collaborator with the Military of Indonesia (TNI) and the Police of Indonesia (POLRI). SATLINMAS plays an essential role in preserving security and public order. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study evaluates the status of the regional community unit in Bandung, with a specific focus on enhancing the capabilities of its members. The results of this research uncover deficiencies in the personal, organizational, and institutional system dimensions, thus underscoring the need for targeted capacity-building interventions. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of community engagement in enhancing the efficacy of Sishankamrata.

АНАЛИЗ НАДЕЖНОСТИ СРЕДСТВ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ ПОЖАРНЫХ

The article examines the analysis of the equipment of fire and rescue units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Vladimir region with personal respiratory and visual protection equipment for firefighters. The statistics of their failures are presented, as well as the process of determining the most unreliable elements of the personal respiratory and visual protection equipment for firefighters, as well as an analysis of the causes of failures. It was determined that the main reasons for the failures of the personal respiratory and visual protection equipment for firefighters are a decrease in the reliability of the functional elements of the pulmonary automaton: a violation of the tightness of the housing, incomplete switching on/off of the additional air supply button (bypass) due to mechanical action on the actuator (springs, membranes), a change in the shape and chemical composition of plastic elements. It is shown that a significant number of negative factors affect the reliability of the personal respiratory and visual protection equipment for firefighters. The results of the study will be useful for both responding fire and rescue units and manufacturers of personal respiratory and visual protection equipment for firefighters in terms of forecasting and monitoring the reliability of their elements. In practice, this will increase the safety and efficiency of fire protection units in an inhospitable environment.

Temporal, Spatial Distribution Characteristics, and Influencing Factors of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in the Yangtze River Delta

Temporal, Spatial Distribution Characteristics, and Influencing Factors of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in the Yangtze River Delta

Phylogeography of Morella nana: The Wumeng Mountains as a natural geographical isolation boundary on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive isolated habitat of the limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng Mountains, which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan and Guizhou. This study aimed to assess the effects of geographic isolation and past climate fluctuation on the distribution of flora in the YGP. To achieve this, we carried out the phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence in relation to past (Last Glacial Maximum) and present distributions based on ecological niche modeling for Morella nana, an important wild plant resource and endemic to the YGP once considered a vulnerable species. The results suggest that the genetic and chlorotype network structures of M. nana are divided into at least two groups: cpDNA chlorotype H2 (or dominant nrDNA haplotypes h1 and h2), distributed primarily to the east of the Wumeng Mountains, and cpDNA chlorotypes H1 and H3-H10 (or dominant nrDNA haplotype h2 and h3), distributed to the west of the Wumeng Mountains. A deep genetic split was noted within the two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment variation. This east-west divergence reveals the existence of a natural geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mountains, and supports the existence of at least two glacial refuges during the Quaternary glacial period, along with two genetic diversity center, and at least two large geographic protection units for the important species of M. nana. This study indicates that the phylogeographical pattern of M. nana can be attributed to geographic/environmental isolation caused by the Wumeng Mountains and climate fluctuation during the last glacial maximum, and proposes an effective strategy to protecting this important plant resource.

Administrative and legal status of subjects of information support for the administration of justice

Introduction. Information support is an integral part of the effective functioning of the justice system in a democratic state governed by the rule of law. The proper work of responsible entities directly affects compliance with the principles of the rule of law, transparency, equality before the law, etc. Timely transfer of data, protection of confidential information, ensuring access to materials for participants in the process - all this is the responsibility of special subjects of information support of justice. However, in the context of the development of information technology and cyber threats, there is a need to thoroughly study their administrative and legal status, functions, tasks and responsibilities. The purpose of the paper is to study the legal nature of the administrative and legal status of subjects of information support for the administration of justice. Results. The paper examines the legal nature of their status and its constituent elements. The author identifies the main groups of such subjects: subjects of administration of registers and databases, subjects of administration of judicial communications, and subjects of information protection. The paper analyses the administrative and legal status of the High Council of Justice, State Judicial Administration, National Information Systems, Information Court Systems, Centre for Court Services, and the information protection units within the framework of their functions, duties and responsibilities. The author substantiates the need for a comprehensive review of the principles of functioning of the subjects of information support of justice in order to improve the efficiency of the judicial system in the context of digitalisation and combating cyber threats. Conclusion. Information support is critical for the effective operation of the justice system in the context of digitalisation. The proper operation of responsible entities directly affects compliance with the principles of justice. Their administrative and legal status is determined by their functions, rights, duties and responsibilities under the law. Given cyber threats and technological development, a comprehensive review of the legal framework for the functioning of these entities is needed to optimise their work and increase the efficiency of the judicial system. The list of such entities is not exhaustive and requires further research.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Inscription Sites in Henan Province

This paper takes 1929 inscription sites in Henan Province as the study object and uses methods such as kernel density and nearest neighbor index to analyze their spatiotemporal distribution patterns and influencing factors. It also studies those patterns of various levels of inscription cultural relics’ protection units and content. All of these will help our understanding of the development process and characteristics of Central Plains art and provide reference for the protection and development of inscriptions in Henan in the future. The study indicates the following: (1) The spatial distribution of inscription sites is relatively uneven and the clustering is obvious, being mainly concentrated in the northern and northwestern regions of Henan, showing the characteristics of “one belt and four clusters” as a whole. The density is high in the north and low in the south, gradually decreasing from north to south. (2) In terms of time, the number of these inscription sites shows a fluctuating trend of first a slight increase and then a decrease with a significant increase and then a decrease. The center of the sites migrates from southwest to northeast over time. (3) These inscriptions can be divided into five primary themes and further subdivided into 16 secondary themes in terms of content. The main type is chronicle. (4) Inscriptions in Henan are mainly influenced by five major factors: topography, climate, economy and transportation, politics and society, culture and religion.

About the possibility of protecting UAVs from suppression of control signals

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in a wide variety of sectors, both in the national economy and for military purposes. In the agricultural industry, they are used to monitor farmland, analyze soil samples, and even for livestock grazing. In search and rescue operations, UAVs are used to rescue people from life-threatening situations, and each time this technology proves its usefulness more than ever. UAVs are gradually finding their application in retail trade, transportation, entertainment, home security and even in construction using 3D printers. Simultaneously with the growth of the capabilities of UAVs, methods and means were developed to counteract them. The most affordable method of combating an UAV is to suppress the radio signals used to control it. As a result, the UAV loses contact with the operator, which leads to malfunctions in its operation. Therefore, the relevance of developing methods and means of combating suppression of control signals cannot be doubted and is becoming more and more necessary. The purpose of the work is to develop a scheme of the device (protection unit) that protects the UAV from interference radio signals in the operating mode. The peculiarity of the developed device is that in the absence of interference signals on the standard frequency of the UAV, the protection unit receives the operator's control signal and transmits it to the input of the UAV receiver, which moves in the operating mode and performs the tasks assigned to it. In the event of the appearance of interference radio signals on the standard frequency, it independently detects them and, using the UAV transmitter, issues a command to the operator to change the operating frequency to an additional frequency. At the same time, the output frequency of the protection unit remains constant and is equal to the standard frequency of the UAV. Thus, the protection unit is a simple and inexpensive device that detects interference signals and automatically switches the control of the UAV to an additional operating frequency. A functional diagram of the receiving device was developed, and a detailed description of its operation was provided.

Women’s Empowerment Activities of Non-Governmental Organizations in Turkiye: Refugee and Local Women’s Triple Role

Objective: Development is an essential concept of social and economic progress. In Turkiye, non-governmental organisations contribute to development and empowerment through their activities. The aim of this research is to respond to “What are the alterations caused by NGOs empowerment activities in the field of development of refugee and local women’s triple role in society after the 2011 Syrian crisis?” Method: This research article employed qualitative methodology with semi-structured face-to-face and online interviews. The interviewer was selected from 10 NGOs officers between the ages of 24-35 who graduated from social sciences and humanities and had at least 2 years’ experience working in the social cohesion, livelihoods, and protection units of NGOs. Results: The findings reveal that NGOs empowerment activities that considered "class and gender," "community participation," and "social cohesion, as concepts have effects on refugee and local women’s triple role in society after the 2011 Syrian Crisis. Conclusion: Development policies and NGOs activities have an important role in the civil society. It enhances women status in the society. Additionally, NGOs’ activities that focused on women's empowerment and women's strategic life choices (resources, agency, and success), have positive impacts women’s triple roles.

Characteristics of children aged 5 and under presenting with ingestion: An analysis of cases from a tertiary child protection unit.

This study aimed to determine what proportion of children presenting to a tertiary children's hospital with ingestion were referred for child protection assessment, and to describe the characteristics of the referred group. This is a retrospective case series study of children who presented to a tertiary children's hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 with ingestion (poisoning). Demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record and patients who underwent child protection assessment were identified. The child protection group was compared to the whole cohort. The child protection group had psychosocial data gathered and descriptively analysed. Two hundred and three patients were included. The most common substances ingested were over-the-counter medications (45%) followed by prescription medications (41%). Most patients were discharged from the emergency department (70%). Of the 203 patients, 24 (11.8%, 95% CI 7.72-17.08) were referred to the child protection unit. A significant proportion of these patients had a history of parental depression (64%) and other mental health conditions (41%), parent separation (77%) and domestic violence in the home (64%). The patients assessed by the child protection team had high prevalence of psychosocial risk factors that also place the patients at risk of child abuse and neglect. Most of the other patients did not have a psychosocial history documented in the medical record, and this group likely contains a high proportion of vulnerable children. By screening patients presenting with ingestion we may be able to identify children at risk and provide opportunities for protective intervention.