Protection Subsystem Research Articles

Integration of electromagnetic and mechanical models for effective lightning protection in buildings

The study focused on the design of an advanced algorithm for the optimal sizing of protection systems against atmospheric discharges in architectural structures, applying the rolling sphere method. This technique facilitated the incorporation of user-specified parameters through an advanced graphical interface. The methodology began with the exhaustive accumulation of data relevant to the project. Risk indices were estimated through sophisticated risk analysis software applications. If adjustments were required, the process continued; If not, the building was considered to be adequately secured. The ground resistivity was evaluated according to IEEE Std. 81, and the rolling sphere method was implemented according to IEC 662305-3. The grounding systems were configured in accordance with IEEE Std. 142 and IEEE Std. 80. To analyze the interaction of electrical discharges with the protected building, the electrical equivalents of elements such as meshes, fused copper rods were computed. , and conductors positioned horizontally and vertically. Using these data, a model was built in ATPDraw, interconnected with Python for the generation of graphical representations of the current waves in the different protection subsystems. To conclude and corroborate the effectiveness of the process, the risk indices were reevaluated. The validation of the algorithm was achieved by minimizing the margin of error to insignificant levels by incorporating standardized data proposed by organizations such as IEC and IEEE, thus confirming the precision of the designed algorithm

Electronic anti-theft protection for vehicles of people with special needs

The article presents an electronic anti-theft protection subsystem that was incorporated into the vehicle control system dedicated to people with special communication needs. The aim of the work was to design and test an electronic subsystem allowing for the acquisition and quick analysis of fingerprint images, checking whether they belong to the vehicle owner and generating a signal allowing the vehicle to be started. The following hypothesis was put forward: it is possible to use artificial intelligence for accurate, automatic classification of fingerprint images acquired in a system with a single-chip microcomputer in order to identify a person. The research niche includes the use of biometrics in electronic anti-theft security adapted to people with special needs. This solution reduces the risk of theft and unauthorized use of special vehicles tailored to the owners' individual needs. The use of a commercial algorithm offered by the sensor manufacturer or the use of artificial neural networks for the classification of fingerprints was considered. The results of research on the accuracy of fingerprint recognition obtained from the developed subsystem are presented. The experiments performed based on the NASNetLarge artificial neural network model confirmed the possibility of achieving recognition accuracy for the test set of 99.99%. Additionally, practical aspects of the applicability of the presented device in an electric vehicle control system supporting the movement of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities were discussed. The presented solution, after minor modifications, can be used in access security systems for protected rooms, as well as vehicles and military equipment.

Evaluation method of the coordination degree between landscape protection and tourism development in the traditional village

Landscape protection and tourism development are a pair of contradictions in the revitalization of traditional villages. It is an important topic to study the coordination between them. This research reveals the interactive mechanism between the protection of traditional rural features and the development of tourism, based on which the evaluation model and index system of the coordination degree of the composite system are constructed. The result is illustrated by the example of the first three plots of traditional Chinese villages in the Gansu Longzhong area from 2013 to 2018. The evolution trend of the traditional village landscape protection subsystem, the development of the tourism subsystem, and the composite system’s coordination degree were analyzed. The results show that the coordination of traditional village landscape protection and tourism development composite system at the same base period gradually increases. Nevertheless, the coordination between adjacent base periods is at a low level. The increase in the synergy between the landscape protection subsystem and the tourism development subsystem tends to be the same, and the two subsystems are in a positive development that promotes each other. Based on the above conclusions, this research puts forward the coordination strategies and suggestions for the protection of traditional villages and tourism development.

Efficiency evaluation and nonlinear multi-objective optimization of forestry industry transformation in the Heilongjiang state-owned forest region

With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development of the whole society, protecting forest resources has become a crucial task of the current society. The present forestry industrial structure of Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas has undergone significant changes, and the transformation of the forestry industry has become increasingly prominent. How to deepen the forestry industry transformation and improve its efficiency has become an important research direction in forest areas. This work first analyzes the data envelopment method, and further designs the evaluation method of forestry transformation efficiency in forest areas. Then, the evaluation index system of forestry industry transformation efficiency in Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas is built. The relevant nonlinear multi-objective optimization (MOO) constraints are designed. Relevant data are quoted to evaluate the efficiency of the forestry industry transformation in the Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas. The results show that: (1) During 2015–2021, the average value of the scale, technical, and comprehensive production efficiencies of Heilongjiang state-owned forest areas were 0.765, 0.53, and 0.399, all of which were less than 1. And they were in a relatively ineffective state. (2) The overall industrial transformation of state-owned forest areas was optimistic. The technical efficiency decreased slightly in 2017, while the pure technical efficiency was greater than 1 in 2016 and 2018. The efficiency value increased to the peak by the end of 2021. (3) In the transformation of the forestry industry in state-owned forest areas, the influence of the industrial economy and resource protection subsystems was the first and backward, and the contribution of the social development subsystem was in the middle. (4) In the MOO problem, the forest area should be planned according to the proportion of public welfare, multi-functional, and commercial forests: 35.2%, 38.8%, and 26%, respectively. This work provides an essential reference for protecting forest resources and contributes to the transformation and development of the social forestry industry.

Dynamic analysis and design of novel distributed lump-parameters mounting system for marine power devices

Marine power devices (MPD) are one of the dominant vibration and noise sources on board marine vessel. Its vibration can be attenuated effectively through floating raft mounting system. But this becomes unsuitable to implement due to a more stringent light-weighting request. In this paper, a novel distributed lump-parameters mounting system (NDLMS) for MPD is proposed consisting of two-stage mounting subsystem, attitude monitoring and controlling subsystem, and emergency protection subsystem. A theoretical model under multiple excitations is presented to estimate the vibration isolation effectiveness (VIE) using equivalent mobility matrix methods. To improve the VIE of NDLMS, distributed dynamic vibration absorbers (DDVA) are introduced. Compared with the equally weighted rigid mass blocks, DDVA has a qualitative improvement in the attenuation ability of the characteristic spectrum. Replacing part of the mass of mounting system with finely tuned DDVA can greatly reduce the vibration transmitted from vibratory MPD to the foundation. DDVA are validated to compensate for the vibration transmission loss by light-weighting. A scaled and a practical NDLMS prototypes are manufactured and tested. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of theoretical models and show that the performance of NDLMS satisfies the operation requirements of MPD.

Real-time processing system and Internet of Things application in the cultural tourism industry development

The introduction of the Internet of Things and other information technologies provides new methods for tourism information innovation. The development of computer technology has changed the traditional tourism mode and made the information-based tourism industry develop. With the improvement and development of embedded systems, embedded systems will develop in the direction of networking, intelligence, standardization and integration. In the process of innovation, the tourism system needs innovation support, support and protection, guidance and response mechanisms. The innovation of tourism system mainly relies on market demand and supply as its most important part, in which market demand is the main driving force for formation. The operation of the system is supported by the tourism support and protection subsystem, with the innovative technology subsystem as the most important content. Based on the traditional theory of tourism industry, this paper sorted out and analyzed the related needs of tourism industry, and combined with the computer industry, according to the embedded real-time network system and the convenience of the Internet of Things industry, on the relevant technology platform to establish a modern tourism industry development system. By using the powerful advantages of computer technology, this paper from the perspective of destination selection, management optimization, industrial development, consumption upgrading, service diversification and other aspects, to promote the development of modern cultural tourism industry.

Can industrial symbiosis policies be effective? Evidence from the nationwide industrial symbiosis system in China

Policies directly or indirectly influence the development of industrial symbiosis (IS). Quantitatively analyzing the effects of policies on IS at a national level is necessary, but current research has lagged. Focusing on the symbiotic system that includes the thermal power industry, cement industry, iron and steel industry, and social sector in China, this paper assesses the efficacy of policies on this nationwide IS system between 2015 and 2022. A policy influence framework is proposed, combining a cost-benefit analysis, agent-based model, and comparative analysis. Results show: (1) the symbiosis probability of the nationwide IS system experiences a fluctuating increase. The maximum increments of the symbiosis probability are 5%, and the resulting environmental benefits are equivalent to an emission reduction of 6.99 Mt from blast furnace slag, 20.97 Mt from iron mine tailing, 36.02 Mt from household waste, 25.01 Mt from steel slag, and 22.95 Mt from fly ash. However, the stimulation effects of policies vary across different subsystems. (2) Thermal power-chemical subsystems, thermal power-environmental protection subsystems, iron and steel-environmental protection subsystems, and social sector-cement subsystems need policy support in the future. (3) Approximately 50% of fields in this nationwide IS system is insensitive to current policies; policy approaches should shift from economic stimulation to symbiotic guidance. This paper fills the research gap by quantitatively studying the IS policy efficacy from a national level. The findings can contribute to the improvement of the Chinese IS policy system.

Blackstart Capability and Survivability of Wind Turbines With Fully Rated Converters

The blackstart capability of wind turbines is critical for the recovery of wind-dominant power systems from blackouts. If wind power plants are not able to restore a power system, the incorporation of wind resources into electric grids could be limited by blackstart capability. This paper tackles this problem by setting forth a grid-forming controller for Type 4 wind turbines, which employ fully rated power converters. To this end, we engineer two-axis anti-windup proportional-integral regulators that serve to ride through restoration disturbances. We also design an active protection system to prevent wind turbines from stalling during recovery from blackouts. We demonstrate in a high-fidelity simulation environment that Type 4 wind turbines with the developed controllers and protection subsystem can: (i) re-energize a notional wind-dominant grid; (ii) ride through asymmetrical faults; and (iii) survive low-wind-speed events.

Peculiarities of the integration of systems of protection against unsanctioned actions in modern information systems.

The purpose of this material is a brief review of the main options for integrating elements of systems (subsystems) of protection against unsanctioned activities (NSА) into information systems (IS) for various purposes. It is noted that the degree and method of mutual integration of the main systems are the result of the projection of the realized hierarchical relations between them. Attention is drawn to the fact that, depending on the operating conditions and the purpose of the base system, a significant reconfiguration of the logic of their relationship is possible, regarding the depth of mutual control and the possibilities of blocking the specified control functions (and/or critical processes). It is emphasized that with the general similarity of the basic ideas, the specific features of the design of protection subsystems against NSА in each case have their own specifics and limitations. Attention is focused on the fact that the declared level of legitimation of management procedures determines the required level of integration of interfaced systems (device). It is concluded that the level of functional dependence of the protection subsystem on the current modes of operation of the basic information system and the actions of its personnel is determined by the content of the (NSА) tasks assigned to it.

Fuzzy Adaptive Protective Control for High-Speed Trains: An Outstretched Error Feedback Approach

This paper presents a fuzzy adaptive protective control method for autonomous high-speed trains (HSTs) automatic operation using a new outstretched error feedback design approach. In order to stabilizing the error dynamics with respect to target position and speed profiles of controlled HSTs, nonlinear transformation in prescribed performance control methodology is used to convert running states subject to protective (constrained) information, imposed by automatic train protection (ATP) subsystem, to new coordinates in unconstrained form. By blending a new outstretched error feedback and fuzzy approximation, it is guaranteed above-mentioned errors are kept within regions characterized by error boundary (or prescribed performance) functions and control parameters simultaneously, which can be adjusted to arbitrarily small even without error decreasing boundary functions. Fuzzy approximation is used in compensating unknown running resistances. It is rigorously proved that the resulting closed-loop system is stable in sense of Lyapunov stability in the presence of unknown resistance, containing basis and aerodynamic resistances with uncertain parameters and piecewise continuously slope resistance over varying gradient profile. The proposed control is demonstrated to be effective by comparative simulations of train G1 running on Beijing-Shanghai railway line.

Non-Fermi liquid induced by Bose metal with protected subsystem symmetries

Understanding non-Fermi liquids in dimensions higher than one has been a subject of great interest. Such phases may serve as parent states for other unconventional phases of quantum matter, in a similar manner that conventional broken symmetry states can be understood as instabilities of the Fermi liquid. In this work, we investigate the emergence of an exotic non-Fermi liquid in two dimensions, where the fermions with quadratic band-touching dispersion interact with Bose metal. The bosonic excitations in Bose metal possess an extended nodal-line spectrum in momentum space, which arises due to the subsystem symmetry or the restricted motion of bosons. Using renormalization group analysis and direct computations, we show that the extended infrared singularity of Bose metal leads to a line of interacting fixed points of an exotic non-Fermi liquids, where the anomalous dimension of the fermions varies continuously, akin to the Luttinger liquid in one dimension. Further, the generalization of the model with multiple low-energy excitations is used to explore other unusual features of the resulting ground state.

Перспективная автоматизированная система обеспечения надежной и безопасной эксплуатации объектов наземной космической инфраструктуры космодрома «Восточный»: структура и решаемые задачи

The article discusses the relevance of creation the Vostochny cosmodrome automated system for ensuring reliable and safe operation of ground-based space infrastructure, outlines its purpose, composition, principles of construction and tasks solved by it. Ground-based space infrastructure is a set of launch and technical complexes, underground and ground structures for storing rocket fuel components, a filling and neutralization station, heat, water and power supply systems, measuring complex and communication facilities. The article describes functional subsystems of the automated system for ensuring reliable and safe operation including a subsystem for integrated monitoring the technical condition of objects of rocket and space technology and the cosmodrome ground space infrastructure; a decision support subsystem for the control of rocket and space technology operation; a subsystem for ensuring the safety of space rocket launches; a subsystem for analyzing reliability, safety of rocket and space technology and cosmodrome ground space infrastructure; subsystem for providing information on the results of operation, technical condition and reliability of the rocket and space technology and cosmodrome ground-based space infrastructure, navigation and information subsystem for monitoring vehicles, especially important and dangerous cargoes of the cosmodrome; information protection subsystem. The effect of the system introduction at the Vostochny cosmodrome is assessed.

Pension provision in the system of social protection of the population

A large number of works in the scientific literature are devoted to the study of pensions in the social protection system, because today the issue of providing social guarantees to the population is very painful. Today's pension system in Ukraine operates in conditions of constant financial stress, instability and requires constant improvement as it is unable to provide citizens with a decent standard of living and therefore needs to be reviewed and reformed. Reforming socio-economic processes necessitates comprehensive public administration of reforms in the pension system by improving organizational and economic mechanisms.
 Pension provision is an important component of Ukraine's economic system. Pension rights are one of the basic social rights guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, which are not only proclaimed or declared, but also implemented and apply to everyone.
 State-funded pension benefits are important factors in determining the living standards and well-being of the poorest and are designed to prevent poverty, meet basic needs and maintain a normal standard of living after losing one's job.
 The article considers the functioning of the pension system in Ukraine, namely, the need and composition of pensions, evolutionary processes, economic nature, as well as sources of formation of the Pension Fund and the use of funds. The need to amend the legislation of Ukraine to reform the pension system in Ukraine has been identified.
 Scholars' views on the interpretation of the concept of "pension provision" and "social protection system" are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the study of the constituent elements of the social protection system, which includes: social assistance, social security, social insurance. The three-level pension system in the context of the components of social protection subsystems is also studied.

The Design of the Lightweight Smart Home System and Interaction Experience of Products for Middle-Aged and Elderly Users in Smart Cities.

The research aims to improve the comfort and safety of the smart home by adding a motion recognition algorithm to the smart home system. First, the research status of motion recognition is introduced. Second, based on the requirements of the smart home system, a smart home system is designed for middle-aged and elderly users. The software system in this system includes intelligent control subsystems, intelligent monitoring subsystems, and intelligent protection subsystems. Finally, to increase the security of the smart home, the intelligent monitoring subsystem is improved, and an intelligent security subsystem is proposed based on a small-scale motion detection algorithm. The system uses three three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract three image features, so that the data information in the video can be fully extracted. The performance of the proposed intelligent security subsystem based on a small-scale motion detection algorithm is compared and analyzed. The research results show that the accuracy of the system on the University of Central Florida (UCF101) dataset is 94.64%, and the accuracy on the HMDB51 dataset is 90.11%, which is similar to other advanced algorithms. Observing whether there are dangers such as falling inside and outside the family through motion recognition technology has very important application significance for protecting people's personal safety, life, and health.

Model of the information security protection subsystem operation and method of optimization of its composition

Increasing threats to the confidentiality and integrity of information require careful consideration of the problem of its protection. This is confirmed by the constantly spreading information about successful hacker attacks. Thus, the problem of securing information that has financial, competitive, military or political value is extremely relevant. However, increasing confidentiality should not forget about its antipode – availability. An effective information security protection subsystem must ensure a rational balance between the values ​​of these dependability attributes. Analytically, this concept of balance can be embodied in the task of optimizing the values ​​of the characteristic parameters of such a subsystem. At the same time, the concept of efficiency should be extended to such a mathematical apparatus. Its complexity should ensure the adequacy of the description of the information protection process but not be excessive to ensure that it can be applied. Based on these initial provisions, the article presents a method of operational optimization of the composition of the information security protection subsystem, taking into account the aggressiveness of cyberspace in which the target information system is operated. The method is formalized in the paradigm of Markov chains with the approach to the formulation of the classical optimization task, which is classified as nonlinear discrete. Considering the lack of a universal method for solving such mathematical programming tasks, the article adopts the method of sequential variants analysis for such purposes. The results of the experiments proved the adequacy and functionality of the proposed method.

A modified super-efficiency network data envelopment analysis: Assessing regional sustainability performance in China

The super-efficiency technique aims to improve the discriminating power of data envelopment analysis (DEA) through re-evaluation after excluding the evaluated object from the reference set. However, the super-efficiency radial network DEA with undesirable production variables faces the infeasibility problem as the traditional DEA. To solve this issue, this paper detects one new origin of infeasibility in network DEA not existing in traditional DEA and provides the necessary and sufficient conditions of infeasibility occurrence. Then, a modified super-efficiency radial network DEA is developed without infeasibility. We apply the modified model to assess the regional sustainability performance in China from 2009 to 2017. Considering the internal connectivity and influences among the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability, we construct a three-stage network system, i.e., economic growth (EG), waste disposal (WD), and health protection (HP) subsystems. The results show that the regional sustainability performance of China was on a downward trend until 2015 but has improved significantly since then. Besides, the status quo of a regional disparity in sustainability performance is confirmed. The results suggest that the eastern region remains the leader in promoting the regional sustainability of China, the central and western regions are trying to catch up with it, and the northeast region still needs more support from the government to keep pace with the coordinated development of China.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ЖИВУЧЕСТИ АВТОНОМНОЙ ГРУППЫ РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕРПОЛЯЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕДУР В ПОЛЯХ ГАЛУА

The article describes an autonomous group of robotic systems forming a distributed data storage system. The destructive influences of an attacker in an autonomous group of robotic systems are intended to violate the qualitative characteristics of information that determine its suitability for its further purpose. One of the key requirements that determine the effectiveness of the functioning of the robotic system autonomous group is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information at a level that allows the goal of the system to be fulfilled with a given quality, regardless of destructive influences. It is believed that the confidentiality of information in such systems is ensured by standard means of cryptographic information protection. At the same time, the integrity of information is limited only by control methods (hash functions) at the level of an individual robotic device and does not solve this problem for the group as a whole. As a result, it becomes necessary to form an «active» property of overcoming the consequences of harmful factors, an information survivability. It is proposed for such operating conditions in order to ensure the information survivability of an autonomous group of robotic complexes, the task of ensuring the integrity and, as a consequence of the availability of information, to be carried out as follows: the totality of storage devices located on board various robotic means should be considered as a single memory system with a cryptocode information protection subsystem. The subsystem of cryptocode information protection is based on the aggregated application of block encryption algorithms and codes based on interpolation procedures in Galois fields. The combination of various methods of secure data processing within the framework of a single memory system of an autonomous group of robotic systems ensures the integrity of information and, as a result, accessibility in conditions of physical loss of a certain established maximum number of complexes.

Decision Support System for Finding an Optimal Postquantum Key Encapsulation Mechanism. Part 2. Prototype Evaluation

This is the final part of the series of articles devoted to the development of a decision support system for choosing the optimal post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism. Efficiency of the methodology proposed for choosing the optimal implementation of the post-quantum cryptographic algorithm is evaluated and substantiated. The economic feasibility of approach is shown and its positive impact on the quality of the cryptographic information protection subsystem is demonstrated. Efficiency comparison of the prototype of the decision support system with existing software products aimed at supporting decision-making in the field of information security is carried out. The consistency of prototype’s recommendations with the conclusions of analytical studies in the field of post-quantum cryptography is checked.

Reliability Enhancement of Power IGBTs under Short-Circuit Fault Condition Using Short-Circuit Current Limiting-Based Technique

Like the widely-used semiconductor switch, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are subject to many failures and degradation in power electronic converters. In Short Circuit Fault (SCF), as the most reported failures in IGBTs, drastic, sudden temperature rise, and peak SCF current are widespread failures owing to a relatively long delay of the protection subsystem. This paper proposes a protection strategy to limit the junction temperature rise by limiting the SCF current by adding a small value resistor in the IGBT emitter. Second, it reduces the SCF current to a value much less than the saturated current. With the proposed control approach, sudden temperature rise during SCF is controlled, preventing significant failure in IGBTs. The extension of the permissible SCF time is achieved even for the cases with temporary arcs. A simple control loop activates in the SCF condition and does not create slow transients for the IGBT. The results of this paper are validated through simulation and experiment.

Implementation of a built-in self-test for nuclear power plant FPGA-based safety-critical control systems

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are being widely used in the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems of nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, FPGAs have the possibility of failure, resulting in the reliability not being fully guaranteed; therefore, some methods are required to evaluate and verify their reliability. The built-in self-test (BIST) method is a technology that implants relevant functional circuits into another circuit during design to provide self-test functions. It has many advantages over external test devices. For this study, the FPGA-based reactor protection subsystem of the CPR1000 NPP was selected as the test object. This paper presents the principle of system partition, the main objective of which is to reduce the test time and provide convenience for subsequent modifications; then, we use the BIST method and build the BIST architecture to test each input signal channel as a black box. For several common failures, 100% diagnostic coverage can be obtained, which improves the reliability of a protection system. BIST can be used as a supplement to external tests; it can reduce the test time, reduce testing costs, and solve many problems that cannot be solved using external tests, such as the lack of interfaces. The research results provide theoretical and technical references for the application and review of FPGA-based applications in NPP safety–critical systems.