Corrosion Protection Of Mild Steel Research Articles

Electrochemical and hydrodynamic flow characterization of corrosion protection persistence of nickel/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite coating

Nickel/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNTs) composite coatings have been reported to exhibit corrosion protection. A number of works in the literature have investigated the application of this nanocomposite in the protection of different metals under static conditions. The present work investigates the persistence (integrity) and overall effectiveness of Ni-MWCNTs on mild steel through electrochemical methods and hydrodynamic flow. Ni-MWCNTs were prepared in a modified watts type electrolyte and tested for corrosion protection of mild steel in a static and flow media containing 3.5% NaCl electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance, potentiodynamic polarization, and weight loss measurements were all made to find the corrosion behavior of the composite coatings with respect to time on the metal surface. The electrochemical studies revealed higher resistance of the composites to corrosion with extended service life compared to nickel coating alone on steel. The surface morphology and microstructure of the coatings were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and other complementary techniques.

An intelligent coating based on pH-sensitive hybrid hydrogel for corrosion protection of mild steel

• A novel hybrid hydrogel of BTA@PHVA/PEI was synthesized by one-pot synthesis method. • The releasing rate of BTA@PHVA/PEI rises upon external pH values due to its pH-sensitivity. • The smart coating based on BTA@PHVA/PEI can provide strong corrosion protection. In the present study, we developed an intelligent coating for the corrosion protection of mild steel. A novel hybrid hydrogel of BTA@PHVA/PEI was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The morphology and composition of BTA@PHVA/PEI were characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA/DSC. The as-prepared BTA@PHVA/PEI presents high thermal stability and the weight percentage of the loaded BTA is about 10.12 wt%. The self-releasing property of BTA@PHVA/PEI was evaluated by UV–vis spectroscopy, which indicates that the releasing rate rises with increasing the external environment pH values. Furthermore, an intelligent coating was fabricated on mild steel by using an alkyd primer doped with various contents of BTA@PHVA/PEI. The corrosion protection of the intelligent coating was evaluated by electrochemical measurements and neutral/acid salt spray tests. The results demonstrate that the anti-corrosion capability of the intelligent coating increases with the content of BTA@PHVA/PEI doped into the coating. The corrosion of mild steel was prohibited by forming a layer of inhibitor-adsorptive film from the released BTA inhibitors, which was detected on the steel surface after 30 days immersion in the corrosive medium by EDS and FTIR. The as-prepared intelligent coating in this work shows remarkable corrosion protection for mild steel, which also sheds light on corrosion protection of other metals and alloys.

Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel by the Synergetic effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates and Zinc Sulfate in Sodium Chloride Solution

Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel by the Synergetic effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates and Zinc Sulfate in Sodium Chloride Solution

Characterization of Polyorganosilazane-Derived Hybrid Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Chloride Solution

Polysilazane (PSZ) have been used for many years as precursors for the development of ceramic materials. Recently, hydrocarbon-substituted polysilazane, which is called organopolysilazane (OPSZ), has been proposed as possible alternative to silanes for the corrosion protection of metals by the sol gel route. In this work, polymethyl(hydro)/polydimethylsilazane-derived coatings were deposited on low-carbon steel for corrosion protection purposes. The effect of the OPSZ precursor concentration (10–40 v/v %) in butyl-acetate on the final properties of the coatings was investigated. Coatings in the thickness range of 1 to 3.5 µm were obtained. The experimental results showed that the concentration of OPSZ in the solvent affects the structural properties as well as the dry film thickness of the hybrid layer. In particular, the network arrangement seems to be influenced by the dilution of the OPSZ precursors solution. The electrochemical characterization revealed that a minimum thickness of about 2 to 3 µm is needed to provide the mild steel substrate with enhanced corrosion protection properties compared to the bare substrate. Comparing the obtained results with literature data, it seems that OPSZs are a potential alternative to coatings derived from organisilicon precursors.

Reduced Graphene Oxide–Epoxy Grafted Poly(Styrene-Co-Acrylate) Composites for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

Reduced graphene oxide–epoxy grafted poly(styrene-co-acrylate) composites (GESA) were prepared by anchoring different amount of epoxy modified poly(styrene-co-acrylate) (EPSA) onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets through π–π electrostatic attraction. The GESA composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anti-corrosion properties of rGO/EPSA composites were evaluated by electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in hydroxyl-polyacrylate coating, and the results revealed that the corrosion rate was decreased from 3.509 × 10−1 to 1.394 × 10−6 mm/a.

Performance evaluation of zinc anodes for cathodic protection of mild steel corrosion in HCL

Abstract An assessment of performance of zinc anodes on the cathodic protection of mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid was made at both the room and elevated temperatures. The cathodic protection reactions process was evaluated by weight-loss method, corrosion rate calculation and potential measurement methods. The effectiveness of zinc sacrificial anodes were found to be cathodically protective on mild steel in the hydrochloric acid at both the room temperature (27 °C) and elevated temperature (60 °C). There was close correlation of the results obtained for the weight-loss method and potential measurement in the HCL environment.

Combined molecular simulation, DFT computation and electrochemical studies of the mild steel corrosion protection against NaCl solution using aqueous Eucalyptus leaves extract molecules linked with zinc ions

Being low cost and non-hazardous, the inhibitors from green sources have become one of the most popular materials used for metals protection against corrosion nowadays. Despite the satisfying efficiencies of these compounds in acidic environments, they show poor performance in neutral atmospheres. One way to overcome this weakness is the employment of insoluble metallic ions in the inhibition system. In this study, we have investigated the synergistic impact between the eucalyptus leaves extract (ELE) and divalent zinc ions. Surface characterization was accomplished by ultra-violate visible analysis (UV–Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscope (AFM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle (CA) measurements. The electrochemical behavior of different ratios of ELE:Zn was evaluated by EIS and potentiodynamic spectroscopy (PDS). Moreover, the computational studies were utilized to scrutinize the nature of the interactions between the organic and inorganic compounds. Results showed that 200 ppm ELE + 600 ppm Zn had the highest inhibition efficiency and synergistic impact. The efficiency in this sample reached 90% after 48 h which is a desirable value. This performance is attributed to the hydrophobic complexes and chelates formed on the surface of the substrate. The theoretical investigations disclosed that the ELE:Zn complexes adsorbed on the steel surface mostly based on donor-acceptor adhesion mechanism.

Chitosan based new nanocomposites for corrosion protection of mild steel in aggressive chloride media

Chitosan is one of the important natural bio-polymers. Besides its good green value, it is rarely used to protect metals in aggressive media in direct form due to rapid degradation of its molecules in acid. Hence, it is necessary to use some means to increase protection efficiency of chitosan. In present work, cobalt and tin sulfide nanoparticles are used to synthesize chitosan-cobalt and chitosan-SnS2 nanocomposites, and used for corrosion protection of mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl at room temperature. The prepared composites are investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, HRSEM, HRTEM and EDAX techniques, which have shown successful formation of nanocomposites. Corrosion behavior of the composites have been examined by Tafel polarization curves (TPC), single sine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SSEIS) and surface analyzing techniques. The results have declared that chitosan-cobalt nanocomposite is more effective in corrosion inhibition of mild steel than chitosan-SnS2 nanocomposite. Alone chitosan provide only 77% inhibition to mild steel, while it increases for chitosan‑cobalt (>95%) and chitosan-SnS2 (>80%) composites. Isotherm study suggests that adsorption of chitosan/composites over MS is main reason of inhibition and can be best defined with Frumkin isotherm. Adsorption of chitosan and chitosan-nanocomposites over MS is also evident by SEM and AFM.

An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Biodegradable Gemini Surfactants and Surfactant/Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Mixtures as New Corrosion Inhibitor

Inhibition performance of noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with biodegradable gemini surfactants on mild steel surface in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution was examined by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman analysis, and zeta-potential (Z-potential) measurements are also applied to discuss the stability of studied solutions. Ester-containing cationic surfactants; monomeric betainate, dodecyl esterquat gemini (ET), and dodecyl betainate gemini (BT) were used as potentially superior noncovalent functionalization agents for CNT-based formulations. For the first time, the anticorrosive efficiency of these surfactants on mild steel was investigated. The noncovalent functionalization of CNTs with ester-containing surfactants showed more appropriate inhibition properties at higher surfactant concentrations as a result of further dispersing ability. The best inhibition efficiency (IEE = 93%) is reported for BT (2.5 mM)-suspended nanotubes, while the effectiveness is decreased (IEE = 12%) dramatically at low concentration (0.1 mM). Surface observations are also employed to verify the corrosion protection of mild steel covered with noncovalent functionalization of CNTs. Density functional theory was employed for quantum chemical calculations, and a good correlation between experimental data and theoretical data has been obtained.

Evaluation of Piper sarmentosum extract’s corrosion inhibitive effects and adsorption characteristics for the corrosion protection of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl

The current study is focused on the inhibitive effects and adsorption characteristics of Piper sarmentosum extract (PSE) to mitigate the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl medium. In addition, the study involved the analysis of the antioxidant activity of Piper sarmentosum. The applicability of PSE as a corrosion inhibitor was tested by employing electrochemical techniques namely; potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electrochemical noise measurement (ENM). Mild steel’s corroding nature was investigated at 303–333 K temperature range to acquire the influence of temperature on corrosion. It was revealed that the Piper sarmentosum extract operated as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor yielding highest inhibition efficiency of 92.18% with the incorporation of 1000 ppm. In view of SEM analysis, mild steel panel treated with PSE showed a significantly improved surface condition, i.e., a much smoother surface morphology.

Conductive Polymer Doped with 2D-MoS2 Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

Conductive Polymer Doped with 2D-MoS₂ Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

Electrochemical Behavior of Composite Nanoparticles on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Different Media

Zn0.97Mn0.03O and Zn0.87Mn0.03Fe0.1O nanoparticles have been synthesized using co-precipitation technique. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The elemental contents of the prepared nanoparticles were determined using particle-induced X-ray emission. Besides, the oxygen content of these nanoparticles was determined using non-Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of 10 ppm nanoparticles on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaCl solutions containing 1% SDS was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The mechanism of inhibition of the studied nanoparticles was discussed and explained. Iron containing nanoparticles enhanced the corrosion protection of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl due to the ability of Fe2+ to deposit onto metal surface. However, in neutral 0.5 M NaCl medium, both nanoparticles have approximately similar efficiency.

The Synergistic Impact of the Aqueous Valerian Extract and Zinc Ions for the Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Environment

Abstract Herein, the corrosion inhibition performance of mild steel (MS) in an acidic environment (1.0 M HCl) by the valerian extract has been studied via weight loss method (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The results illustrated that the inhibition efficiency, raised by the rise of the extract concentrations. The inhibitory mechanism depended on the creation of a stable plant extract-complex on the mild steel surface. Polarization studies confirmed that the extract behaved as a mixed type inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition was supposed to exist via adsorption of the main components of the valerian extract. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to investigate the change in the surface morphology and confirmed the corrosion inhibition mechanism. The complete study confirmed that the efficiency of the valerian extract as a safe, eco-friendly and exchange corrosion inhibition for mild steel in an acidic environment.

Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical evaluation of a functionalised coating for mild steel corrosion protection

ABSTRACTA functionalised coating for mild steel corrosion protection was prepared in this study. A composite material SBA-15 (silicon oxide) was used as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor. The porous matrix (SBA-15) was loaded with fluconazole (F), as an inhibitor container. A sol–gel technique was used to synthesise SBA-15; and the active molecule (F) was extracted from an outdated medication using methanol as solvent. The final composite was obtained by SO2 dispersion in a methanol-F solution. The composite material was dispersed in a nitrocellulose resin, and it was characterised by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and physical adsorption of Nitrogen. Coatings were electrochemically evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, using a chloride/sulphate solution prepared from NaCl and (NH4)2SO4. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the inhibitor delivery system and the consequent protection of metal against the corrosion process.

Enhanced epoxy coating based on cerium loaded Na-montmorillonite as active anti-corrosive nanoreservoirs for corrosion protection of mild steel: Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical behavior

In this study, Na-montmorillonite (MMT) was intercalated with the cerium cations. The Ce3+ cations intercalated sodium montmorillonite (Ce-MMT) nanoreservoirs were incorporated into the epoxy coating. The active inhibitive performance of the synthesized nanoreservoirs and their effect on the protective behavior of the epoxy coating was investigated in the present study. For this purpose, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to characterize the synthesized nanoreservoirs. Characterization results showed that the Ce3+ cations successfully intercalated into the MMT structure. The active anti-corrosion performance of the Ce-MMT was proved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential, and salt spray tests. In the electrolyte phase, the obtained results showed that the corrosion resistance of the steel samples significantly improved in the presence of the Ce-MMT extract and the observed corrosion efficiency was about 93%. Also, the results of surface study confirmed the subsequent effect of the active nanoreservoirs on the chemical composition and surface morphology of the steel samples. In the coating phase, the result of the EIS and salt spray tests confirmed the enhanced inhibitive behavior of the epoxy coating in the presence of the Ce-MMT nanoreservoirs.

4-aminoazobenzene modified natural glucomannan as a green eco-friendly inhibitor for the mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution

The corrosion inhibition effect of a green eco-friendly 4-aminoazobenzene modified natural glucomannan (GL-PA) on the corrosion protection of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution is investigated by electrochemical measurements and surface characterization. The results show that the GL-PA acts as a mixed-type inhibitor and can provide effective corrosion inhibition for mild steel. The corrosion inhibition is achieved by the chemical as well as physical adsorption of the GL-PA on the surface of the mild steel, and the adsorption fairly obeys the Langmuir isotherm.

Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivative Di-Cationic Surfactants and Their Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

In the current study, two quinazoline derivatives di-cationic surfactants, that contain long carbon chain, have been synthesized. Their structures were supported by spectroscopic methods, and their anticorrosive protection on mild steel was tested in acidic medium at room temperature for 24 h. Corrosion processes were evaluated by the gravimetric method based on the weight loss of metal plates. Fairly good corrosion inhibition efficiencies (92.44%–95.49%) were achieved at different concentrations of the inhibitors. SEM images of the metal surfaces supported the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the products.

Effect of the Incorporation of Micro and Nanocellulose Particles on the Anticorrosive Properties of Epoxy Coatings Applied on Carbon Steel

Polymeric coatings may act as a physical barrier between the aggressive ions and the metal substrate. However, prolonged exposure may cause damage to the polymer coating, leading to a continuous reduction of the barrier effect and consequently loss of the corrosion protection. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), cellulose and polyaniline emeraldine-salt (PAni ES) in an epoxy coating on the corrosion protection of mild steel. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) functionalized or not with PAni ES were used and compared. The coating properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt spray test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of the carbon steel, after 1000 h of exposure, did not present evidence of superficial corrosion. Polymer coatings using CNW and PAni ES showed improved corrosion protection properties even after 90 days of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The greatest increase in the corrosion resistance of the coating was found by EIS for the epoxy coating reinforced with CNW functionalized with PAni ES, revealing a synergistic effect of the electroactivity of a conducting polymer and nanosized cellulose particles.

Smart Coating Based on Urea-Formaldehyde Microcapsules Loaded with Benzotriazole for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel in 3.5 % NaCl

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules loaded with linseed oil (LO) and benzotriazole (BTA) as core materials have been synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization. The capsules were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and particle size analysis. Surface morphology of the microcapsules was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microcapsules were incorporated into epoxy resin and coated on a mild steel substrate to form a corrosion resistant organic coating. The self-healing property of coatings loaded with different weight % of microcapsules containing LO + BTA was tested by immersion of the UF coated mild steel specimens in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. It was analyzed through visual inspection, weight loss measurements, and SEM of the scribed region of coating. It was observed that the addition of microcapsules enhances the corrosion resistance of the scratched samples.

Preparation, Characterization and Corrosion Evaluation of Poly(o-toluidine), Poly(m-Toluidine), and Poly(p-Toluidine) Blended with Waterborne Polyurethane

In this study, poly-toluene isomers, such as poly(o-toluidine), poly(m-toluidine), and poly(p-toluidine), (abbreviated as POT, PMT, and PPT, respectively), were investigated for the corrosion protection of mild steel in 3.5% NaCl. The polymers were prepared by chemical oxidation and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion inhibition abilities of these coatings were evaluated by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous NaCl solution. The results of this study showed that the inhibition efficiency of PMT reached 82.1%, which was greater than those of POT and PPT with 74.5% and 69.2%, respectively. In addition, the corresponding corrosion rates of PMT, POT, and PPT are 1.3 × 10−4 mm/year, 1.0 × 10−3 mm/year, and 4.1 × 10−2 mm/year, respectively. All these data reveal excellent properties of PMT in terms of corrosion protection.