Protection Of Migratory Birds Research Articles

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Coverage in the Sub-Lakes of Poyang Lake Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing

As the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake is an internationally important wetland and the largest migratory bird habitat in Asia. Many sub-lakes distributed in the lake basin are seasonal lakes, which have a significant impact on hydro-ecological processes and are susceptible to various changes. In this study, using multi-source remote sensing data, a continuous time-series construction method of water coverage suitable in Poyang Lake was developed. That method combined the downscaling of the MNDWI (modified normalized difference water index) with the ISODATA (iterative self-organizing data analysis technique algorithm), and its accuracy can be up to 97% in the months when Landsat 8 is available or 87% when it is unavailable. Based on that method, the increasing variation in water coverage was observed in the sub-lakes of Poyang Lake during 2013–2020 to be within a range of 200–690 km2 normally. The center of the sub-lakes always remained inundated (>80% inundation frequency), while the surrounding areas were probably kept dry for seven months (except for June to September). The dominant influencing factors of water coverage variations were different in different hydrological periods (wet season and dry–wet season: discharge; dry season: temperature and wind speed; wet–dry season: temperature and precipitation). In addition, “returning farmland to lakes” affected the increase in the water area in the sub-lakes. This study is helpful for the management of water resources and the protection of migratory birds in the Poyang Lake region.

Consideration of climate change impacts will improve the efficiency of protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ABSTRACT The protection of migratory birds and their habitats is important to the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Currently protected areas (PAs) were designed in accordance with species distribution patterns under current climatic conditions, thus ignoring climate change will lead to a decrease in the protection efficiency of PAs. In this study, using the flagship species Grus nigricollis, as an example, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to simulate the distributions and conservation status of G. nigricollis and optimized the existing PA boundaries . The results showed that (1) suitable habitat- for G. nigricollis accounts for 12.48% of the QTP area, and the PAs established under current climatic conditions cover 17.84% of this suitable habitat area; (2) future climate changes will influence the distribution and quality of G. nigricollis habitats, and the average protection efficiency of the current PAs in four climatic scenarios will decrease from 17.84% to 15.31%; and (3) through optimization, the efficiency of existing PAs can be increased by 0.75 times and reach 28.37%, indicating PA planning must consider not only current climate conditions but also the effects of climate changes. Our results aim to address shortcomings in the conservation efficiency of PAs and provide an example for resolving mismatched PA boundaries and habitat changes for species.

Galliform exclusion from the Migratory Bird Treaty Act has produced an alternate conservation path, but no evidence for differences in population status

Abstract The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) is critical to avian conservation in the United States, both through its protection of migratory birds and as a catalyst for a century of coordinated avian conservation. While more than 1,000 species are protected by MBTA, of extant bird species native to the continental U.S., only 20 species belonging to the order Galliformes are explicitly excluded. Management of galliforms has occurred largely without direct federal oversight, placing this group on a fundamentally different conservation path during the century following MBTA passage. In this paper, we review the historical context and biological justification for exclusion of galliforms from MBTA and synthesize how their present-day conservation differs from that of migratory birds. We find the most prominent difference between the two groups involves the scope of coordination among stakeholders. The U.S. government, primarily via the Department of Interior, acts as de facto coordinating body for migratory bird conservation and plays the central role in oversight, funding, and administration of management in the United States. In contrast, galliform management falls primarily to individual state wildlife agencies, and coordinated conservation efforts have been more ad hoc and unevenly spread across species. Migratory birds benefit from an almost universally greater scope of research and monitoring, scale of habitat conservation, and sophistication of harvest management compared with galliforms. Galliform harvest management plans, in particular, are less likely to use measurable objectives, reporting of uncertainty in population parameters, and explanation of harvest management techniques. Based on a review of species status lists (e.g., the U.S. Endangered Species Act), we found no evidence that galliforms were more frequently listed than migratory species. Regional trend estimates from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) were more likely to be negative for galliforms over the period 1966–2015, but this was primarily driven by Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Data to assess galliform population status are generally poor, which complicates assessment for roughly half of galliform species. Increased support for coordination among state agencies and other stakeholders, similar to that applied to migratory birds, could help to ensure that galliform conservation is poised to tackle forthcoming challenges associated with global change.

Environmental Characteristics and Macrobenthic Community Structure of Yubu Island, a UNESCO-Designated Migratory Bird Sanctuary in the South Korea

This study investigated the environmental characteristics and macrobenthic community structures of an intertidal flat located on Yubu Island in the western coastal area of the Yellow Sea of South Korea. The study site has been well known for the migratory bird protection designated by UNESCO. We collected the samples of surface and depth core sediments and macrobenthos from the unused saltern and the area surrounding it in July 2017. Our results demonstrated that the means of mud, total carbon, and total nitrogen contents were 50%, 0.35% and 0.05%, respectively, and the origin of sediment composed of marine sources. The sedimentation rate ranged from 0.99 to 1.66 cm y−1, which was higher than other tidal flats in the Yellow Sea. The result of a topographic analysis indicated that the area in the unused saltern was 289.489 m2, and the length and width were 625 m and 500 m, respectively. A total of 13 species occurred with a mean density of 92 ind. m−2 and a mean biomass of 58.6 gWWt m−2. The Heteromastus filiformis (23.1%, 21 ind. m−2) was the most dominant species, followed by Perinereis linea (19.2%, 18 ind. m−2) and Tubuca arcuata (17.3%, 16 ind. m−2). Thus, this environmental information will help to establish policies to protect migratory birds in the future.

Heavy metals exposure risk to Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) in wetland ecosystem, Northeast China

Qixing River wetland is very representative of the marsh environment of Sanjiang Plain, northeast China. The wetland plays an important role in maintaining ecological service functions especially for protecting migratory birds. Despite Qixing River wetland being impacted by a number of diffuse and point sources of pollution (primarily from agricultural activities), a comprehensive survey of heavy metal exposure risk to migratory birds has never been undertaken. Identifying heavy metals exposure risk is significant for further improving the protection scheme of migratory birds. In the present study, the comprehensive water pollution index (WPI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to assess the degree of contamination of water and sediments, respectively. Single-pollutant exposure metrics (HQ) were applied to measured concentrations in order to estimate the heavy metal exposure risk to migratory birds. In addition, an integrated hazard index (HI) was derived to assess the comprehensive risk of exposure to multiple heavy metals and associated risk threshold values calculated. The decreasing trends of average concentration of heavy metals were Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd in sediments and Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd in water. Concentrations of Cr were significantly elevated compared to the threshold of Aquatic Life Water Permissible Limits (AWPL) and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SGQ) (p < 0.01), thus may pose negative impacts to the aquatic ecological system. Values of WPI indicated ‘Clean’ status for more than 85% sampling sites with Zn accounting for 58% of the value of the WPI. Most of the sediment sampling locations were deemed to be ‘Clean’ or ‘Low’ status as defined by Igeo with Zn and Cd (mainly derived from agricultural sources) identified as the dominant indicators of pollution. Comprehensive exposure risk assessment indicated ‘Moderate’ risk (HI > 1) status for local populations of Eurasian Spoonbill. Despite the majority of heavy metals (except for Zn) being assigned ‘Clean’ or ‘Low’ pollution status, the elevated hazard quotient (HQ > 3) associated with Cr enhanced overall values of HI, especially for nestlings, indicating that current pollution control measures are insufficient for the protection of migratory birds. This study has supplemented current knowledge of the impacts of agriculture on wetland ecosystems and provides evidence that exposures of migratory birds to some heavy metals may exceed ‘safe’ levels. This study thus provides a scientific rationale for determining the safe feeding water depth for migratory birds.

Spring migration routes and activity characteristics of populations of Anser fabalis wintering in Lake Poyang

了解迁徙路线和迁徙前后活动规律对候鸟的保护具有重要意义.2019年2-3月，在鄱阳湖对20只豆雁（Anser fabalis）佩戴了卫星跟踪器，研究了鄱阳湖豆雁越冬种群的迁徙路线和活动特征.结果表明，最早的个体在3月12日开始北迁，较晚的个体4月25日北迁，截至6月20日仍有部分个体没有迁徙.豆雁卫星追踪时间为60.5±15.6天（n=19），迁徙距离为1349.5±1004.9 km （n=18），迁徙时间为34.7±16.1天（n=18），停歇地的数量为6±3（n=18）.豆雁的春季迁徙路线可以分为东线和中线两部分，东线经过我国安徽、江苏、山东、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江，进入俄罗斯；中线经过我国湖北、安徽、河南、河北、内蒙古，进入蒙古.豆雁在30°~40°N之间较少做长时间的停留，而在40°~50°N之间会做2.7±1.1次（n=9）较长时间的停歇，每次停歇长达12.7±7.2天（n=24），东北平原和内蒙古高原东部是豆雁重要的中途停歇地.豆雁日间的活动量显著高于夜间，迁徙前期的活动量显著高于迁徙期，迁徙前期在8：00-9：00和18：00-19：00两个时段为活动高峰，迁徙期每天7：00-8：00和18：00-19：00两个时段为活动高峰.在不同环境温度区内豆雁的活动距离存在显著差异（n=8827，df=9，P=0.000），在0~5℃时的平均活动距离最大，为4.9±14.4 km/h.;Understanding animal migration route and activity rhythm are of great significance to protection of migratory birds. From February to March 2019, 20 Bean geese (Anser fabalis) in Lake Poyang were tracked with satellite collars. We analyzed their migration routes and activity rhythm during their migration period based on the data collected from these GPS collars. The results showed that Bean goose started migration most early in 12, March, and some started in 25, April. The Bean geese were tracked for 60.5±15.6 days (n=19), with migration distance 1349.5±1004.9 km (n=18) and stop site number 6±3 (n=18). The spring migration routes of Bean goose formed two lines:the east line and the middle line. The east line passed through Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang Provinces, and arrived at Russia. The middle line passed through Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia Provinces, and arrived at Mongolia. Bean goose didn't stay for a long time in stopover sites between 30°-40°N latitude, but stopped for a significant longer time (12.7±7.2 days) between 40°-50°N latitude. Northeast China Plain and the eastern Inner Mongolia plateau are important stopover sites for them. Bean goose is a diurnal animal; its activity level in day is significantly higher than that at night. In the pre-migration period, the activity peaks at 8:00-9:00 and 18:00-19:00, while the activity peaks occurred in 7:00-8:00 and 18:00-19:00 during migration. There was significant variation of average migration distance in different environment temperatures (n=8827,df=9,P=0.000), and its maximum migration distance (4.9±14.4 km/h) occurred in 0-5℃.

年内水热条件变化对冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的影响机制

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 年内水热条件变化对冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的影响机制 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201512272581 作者: 作者单位: 江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,清华大学环境学院,武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）项目（2012AA12A407）；国家自然科学基金项目（41101341，41461079） Impact of hydro-thermal conditions on the spatio-temporal patterns of migratory bird populations Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:环鄱阳湖湿地是东亚重要的冬候鸟栖息地，由于湿地内部分区接纳水源的不同，人为活动及地表类型的差异，使得该区冬候鸟数量的时空分布特征相对复杂。综合利用遥感数据、冬候鸟航空调查数据及气象观测数据，借助分区相关性统计分析方法，研究不同尺度环鄱阳湖湿地年内水热要素对冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的影响；通过水文要素之间的相关性分析以及地表温度的时空分布格局研究，探索水热要素之间的耦合关系，进而揭示鄱阳湖区年内水热条件变化对冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的影响机制。研究发现：12月份气温是影响鄱阳湖湿地冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的驱动因素；受分区农业及生态特征的影响，水文条件的年内变异成为影响鄱阳湖冬候鸟数量时空分布特征的决定因素。研究结果为环鄱阳湖湿地冬候鸟栖息地的保护提供决策依据。 Abstract:Poyang Lake wetland is a key wintering habitat for migratory birds in East Asia, where the spatio-temporal pattern of migratory bird populations (STP-MB) is complex. This study used multi-source data from MODIS (NASA) from 2000 to 2010, including 10 days/nights of MODIS composite images of land surface temperature data (MODLT1T, provided by International Scientific & Technical Data Mirror Site, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.gscloud.cn)), annual aerial survey data of migratory birds from 2001 to 2009, and meteorological data. Inter-annual variation in hydro-thermal factors (IAV-HT) and the correlation with migratory bird populations was analyzed at multi-spatial scales to examine the influence of IAV-HT on the STP-MB. Correlation between precipitation and water area, and the spatial pattern of land surface temperature was analyzed to assess coupling correlations within hydro-thermal factors. The final impact of IAV-HT on the STP-MB was revealed by the aforementioned coupling analysis. We found that the atmospheric temperature in December was the driving factor behind bird migration; and inter-annual changes in hydrological conditions were the determining factors of STP-MB, which was influenced by agricultural activities and ecological conditions in subzones. This research contributes towards the protection of migratory birds in Poyang Lake. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Environmentalism in the crosshairs: Perspectives on migratory bird hunting and poaching conflicts in Italy

Migratory bird hunting has a long tradition in the Mediterranean, but remains a highly controversial issue. Here we examine the Mediterranean migratory bird hunting controversies through the case of Italy. We interviewed key informants and carried out participant observation on both legal and illegal migratory bird hunting and migratory bird protection, in four key migratory bird hunting sites in Italy. In many cases, both migratory bird hunters and bird protection activists consider themselves as the stewards of nature. Environmentalists accuse hunters of illegal practices, while hunters believe anti-poaching activists aim to threaten the existence of hunting itself. Yet surprisingly, the legality of specific hunting practices emerges as peripheral to the concerns of both groups. The lack of dialogue and increasingly polarized positions on both sides make it difficult to assure compliance with EU and national migratory bird hunting laws, and hinders finding shared solutions that consider differing values in a rapidly changing society.

Migratory bird protection, a crack in the armor: the case of the Double-crested Cormorant

Migratory bird protection, a crack in the armor: the case of the Double-crested Cormorant

Differentiating between stopover and staging sites: functions of the southern and northern Yellow Sea for long‐distance migratory shorebirds

Evidence‐based protection of migratory birds at flyway levels requires a solid understanding of their use of ‘stopping sites’ during migration. To characterize the site use of northward‐migration great knots Calidris tenuirostris in China, we compared length of stay and fuel deposition during northward migration at areas in the south and the north of the Yellow Sea, a region critical for migrating shorebirds. Radio‐tracking showed that at the southern site great knots stayed for only short periods (2.3 ± 1.9 d, n = 40), and bird captures showed that they did not increase their mean body mass while there. In the north birds stayed for 1 month (31.0 ± 13.6 d, n = 22) and almost doubled their mean body mass. Fuel consumption models suggest that great knots departing from the northern Yellow Sea should be able to fly nonstop to the breeding grounds, whereas those from the south would require a refueling stop further north. These results indicate that the study sites in the northern and southern Yellow Sea serve different roles: the southern site acts as a temporary stopover area that enables birds with low fuel stores to make it to main staging areas further north, while the northern site serves as the critical staging site where birds refuel for the next leg of their migration. The rapid turnover rate in the southern Yellow Sea indicates that many more birds use that area than are indicated by peak counts. Differential use of the southern and northern sites indicates that both play crucial roles in the ability of great knots to migrate successfully.

Economics of Migratory Birds: Market Creation for the Protection of Migratory Birds in the Inner Niger Delta (Mali)

This article contributes to the discussion of protecting migratory birds from the perspective of economic efficiency. So far, most conservation measures are implemented in developed rather than developing countries where migratory birds reside during the wintertime. Economic rationality, however, would call for interventions at all locations along the migration route, and focus on places offering the highest cost efficiency. This study develops a conceptual framework to determine the economic feasibility of an international market for migratory bird protection. The argument is that migratory birds can be protected at a much lower cost in West Africa than in Western Europe. Moreover, a contingent valuation survey among Dutch citizens proves that taxpayers who indirectly pay for the conservation measures also support the protection of migratory birds in their wintering areas in African countries for about the same amount as in the Netherlands. The results of the study justify the creation of an international market for migratory bird protection in which biodiversity services are supplied by West African communities to beneficiaries in Western Europe.

The impact of the bird flu on public willingness to pay for the protection of migratory birds

In this paper, we present the results of a unique time series analysis of contingent values and models for migratory bird protection based on an identical contingent valuation (CV) survey carried out over a three year time period since the first bird flu outbreak in 2003. Although there exists no scientific evidence for a direct relationship, migratory birds are believed to play an important role in spreading the bird flu virus worldwide. The time series analysis allows us to test the temporal stability of stated preferences for migratory bird protection and at the same time examine indirectly the possible impact of increased media attention and public awareness levels regarding the bird flu. We test the impact of the bird flu on public willingness to pay (WTP) for migratory bird protection in the final 2005 survey whilst accounting for procedural variance introduced by sequencing and question ordering-effects, but we are unable to demonstrate a direct negative relationship. A novelty of the study presented here is that respondents in the CV surveys are given the opportunity to pay an annual money amount or a one-time-off lump-sum. Annual WTP values appear to be significantly higher than one-time-off WTP values, suggesting a negative implicit discount rate. Self-selection bias is an important reason for the observed differences. We find that respondents who agree to pay annually differ significantly from respondents who wish to pay a lump-sum in terms of their underlying preferences and motivations towards migratory bird protection.

The Price of Preparing for War

Located a few miles from Anchorage, Alaska’s Eagle River Flats is a coastal saltwater marsh teeming with fish, wildlife—and unexploded mortar and artillery shells. The marsh lies on the Department of Defense’s (DOD) 62,000-acre training facility at Fort Richardson, headquarters to the Army’s Alaskan command and control units. Since World War II, Eagle River Flats has been Fort Richardson’s primary “ordnance impact zone,” where soldiers stationed at the fort come to train with live munitions. Environmental assessments undertaken at the Flats by the Army have revealed high levels of contaminants including heavy metals, explosive compounds, and white phosphorus, a toxic agent used to generate smoke cover on the battlefield. It was this contamination with white phosphorus, which can damage bones and major internal organs, that in 1994 landed Eagle River Flats on the Superfund National Priorities List, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) compilation of the nation’s most polluted properties. Since then, the Army has been conducting an EPA-approved effort to clean up the white phosphorus. But in April 2002 the DOD was sued by a citizens’ coalition urging the Army to address remaining contamination problems at the Flats. Among the plaintiffs were the indigenous Chickaloon Indians, who claimed the Army’s use of live munitions was polluting traditional hunting and fishing grounds. The suit also charged that unexploded mortar rounds and artillery shells in the area were leaching toxic chemicals that were migrating to nearby Cook Inlet. The plaintiffs’ attorney, Scott Allen of the San Francisco, California–based law firm Cox and Moyer, says the suit requested that the Army remove some 10,000 unexploded mortar rounds and artillery shells from the area (the number estimated in the Army’s 1998 proposed Superfund cleanup plan), remediate toxic contamination, and abstain from using the range for bombing exercises until a Clean Water Act permit had been obtained for munitions discharges. When confronted with the lawsuit, the DOD took its case to Congress. There, it argued that the laws on the books were not intended to be applied to operational military ranges in this way, citing long-standing past state and federal regulatory interpretation and practice. The DOD further argued that suits like those brought at Eagle River Flats, if successful, could set a legal precedent whereby environmental litigants could halt military training and thus undermine troop readiness on the battlefield. Before the 2002 lawsuit even arose, the DOD had proposed new legislation called the Readiness and Range Preservation Initiative (RRPI) to prevent just such lawsuits attempting to use hazardous waste laws to limit training. The RRPI calls for exemptions from a number of environmental laws on more than 8,000 operational DOD training ranges, a land area equal to roughly 24 million acres. Under this proposed new legislation, munitions would not be subject to hazardous waste permitting or cleanup requirements as long as they remain on operational ranges.

Conservation of migratory birds—1972 Convention with Japan for Trotection of Migratory Birds—1916 Convention with United Kingdom for Protection of Migratory Birds

Conservation of migratory birds—1972 Convention with Japan for Trotection of Migratory Birds—1916 Convention with United Kingdom for Protection of Migratory Birds

The Avifauna of Teuri and Yagishiri Islands, Hokkaido

The author investigated the birds of Teuri and Yagishiri Islands Hokkaido, in the middle of June, 1951, and aquired a knowledge of the avifauna of that region during the breeding season.1. Twenty-eight species were recorded on Teuri, and Thirtythree species recorded from Yagishiri.2. The avifauna of both islands is concentrated, and many birds adapt their habits to the environment.3. More protection must be afforded to the sea birds on Teuri since they are decreasing.4. An interesting addition to the zoogeography is the occurrence of Alauda arvensis lonnbergi and AL a. japonica in the same territory on Yagishiri.5. Larvivora sibilans and Eurystomus orientalis abundus have been collected on Yagishiri.6. Falco peregrinus leucogenys may be breeding on Yagishiri.7. Many migratory birds make use of both islands as resting places, so both islands are important locations for the protection of migratory birds.8. The birds of Anatidae and Ardeidae are few, indicating that the main migratory route does not pass over the islands.

Mexico-United States: Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals

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Conservation of Wild Life in Canada

IN spite of the energy with which the Canadians are devoting themselves to the prosecution of the war and its successful conclusion, the necessity of conserving our natural resources is not being forgotten. Not the least important of these resources is the wild life of the Dominion. The economic value of the wild life to the country is fully realised by the Canadian Government. On this account it is taking steps to conserve, while it is still able to do so, the wild life upon which many of its economic interests depend. The necessity of greater protection for the species of migratory birds which are important to agriculture as insect destroyers was mainly responsible for the conclusion of the recent international treaty with the United States for the protection of migratory birds in Canada and the United States. This treaty is undoubtedly the most important and far reaching measure ever taken in the history of bird protection. The full text of the treaty and the circumstances responsible for its consummation are given in an article by the present writer in the Agricultural Gazette of Canada. for December last. In addition to the protection of insectivorous birds, the treaty provides that no species of migratory wild-fowl, such as ducks, geese, or shore-birds (plovers, sandpipers, etc.), shall have a longer open season than three and a half months, and the open seasons are so restricted as to prevent the killing of the birds in the breeding season. Close seasons for periods of several years are provided for certain species of birds the continued existence of which has become seriously menaced.

Convention Between The United States and Great Britain for the Protection of Migratory BirdsSigned at Washington, August 16, 1916; ratifications exchanged December 7, 1916

Convention Between The United States and Great Britain for the Protection of Migratory Birds<i>Signed at Washington, August 16, 1916; ratifications exchanged December 7, 1916</i>

Proposed New Regulations for the Protection of Migratory Birds

Proposed New Regulations for the Protection of Migratory Birds

Police Power. Nature and Extent. Federal Protection of Migratory Birds

Police Power. Nature and Extent. Federal Protection of Migratory Birds