Protection Of Cultural Property Research Articles

Protection of Natural Environment and Cultural Property during Armed Conflict: An International Humanitarian Law Perspective

With the evolution and development of jus in bello, conflicts of both internal and international character have given due consideration to limit human casualties and minimize suffering. Post-World War trials in Nuremberg and Tokyo played a crucial role in influencing modern International Criminal Law. The international community soon realized the necessity to draft various international legal documents and establish the International Criminal Court to prosecute individuals for various categories of crimes including War Crimes. Article 8 of the Rome Statute has classified acts of destruction of the natural environment and cultural property within the ambit of the definition of War Crime. However, with a higher threshold required to prove the crime of destruction of the natural environment and a human rights approach taken in cases of destruction of cultural property, both areas seem to need much exploration and research. This paper scrutinizes the development of laws of war and dives deep into the jurisprudence laid down in various decisions of the ICC to protect these civilian objects during armed conflict. It further elucidates the lacunas in the law and explains how they may lose their protection guaranteed by humanitarian law and can be the target of attack if these civilian objects are used to achieve a military advantage. Based on the elucidation of various primary sources like legislations and case laws along with secondary sources like legal textbooks and commentaries, law review articles, and legal encyclopedias, the paper generated is descriptive with a slight element of critical analysis of the international legal framework.

Preservation of Cultural Sites and Artifacts During Wartimes

ABSTRACT This article is an overview of some of the foreign policies implemented regarding cultural heritage protection during wartimes, with specific focus on the Gulf Wars in Iraq and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. This article follows historical examples prior and post-World War II, noting pertinent international laws such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The author also highlights current technological advances that are being implemented to help survey and better understand the destruction of cultural sites. This article argues for an increased focus on cultural heritage protection and preemptive measures that should be put in place by cultural institutions to protect their heritage. Information professionals are stewards of cultural heritage and part of their mission should be disaster-preparedness to best preserve artifacts and heritage sites.

Protecting the cultural property of religious communities during war: The Church of Sweden and total defense planning

Abstract Even though places of worship are protected by the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, they often become targets. To safeguard the cultural property of religious communities, it is necessary to plan for wartime protection under peaceful conditions, but studies of how this planning was conducted after 1945 are largely missing. This Article compares how the cultural property of the Church of Sweden (Lutheran) has been planned for protection up until 2023. Cultural property protection was first introduced in World War II, but the Church had to plan and carry out most protective measures without state support. During the Cold War, a system for protecting movable property was developed that lasted until it was replaced in the 1980s by cultural protection plans that employed a more holistic approach to risk mitigation in peace as well as in war. Finally, the recent development and future challenges are discussed in relation to the 1954 Hague Convention and the reconstruction of a Swedish total defense due to the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Genesis of the development of liability for encroachment on archaeological heritage sites: the Soviet period (1917–1991)

The article is devoted to the study of the Soviet period of development of liability for encroachment on archaeological heritage sites. The main legal acts inherent in this period are identified.
 Having studied the peculiarities of the Soviet period, the author establishes that during the existence of the Soviet State the regulation of liability for trespass to cultural property, cultural and archaeological heritage has undergone significant changes, and as a result, this period can be divided into two stages.
 The first stage is characterized by the fact that cultural property ceases to be the subject of special protection, being the subject of a crime, it is subject to protection by criminal law in the general order, if it falls under their scope. The legislative field is dominated by contradictory, ideologically aligned legal acts. Thus, the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR of 1922 was characterized by weak legal protection of cultural property. In addition, the lack of regulation of other types of encroachments on cultural property, such as theft, destruction or damage, etc. was a gap in the criminal legislation of the Ukrainian SSR. The subsequent Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR of 1927 contained only one provision protecting historical and cultural monuments from criminal attacks. It established liability for concealing collections and monuments of antiquity and art subject to registration, accounting, or transfer to state storage facilities.
 At the second stage (from the mid-1940s), the state and society gradually realized the public danger of encroachments on cultural property. Legislation was updated, and responsibility for the destruction or damage of historical and cultural monuments was introduced and gradually increased. The Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR of 1960, on the one hand, abolished such a crime as concealment of collections and monuments of antiquity and art and archival materials subject to registration, accounting or transfer to state repositories, and on the other hand, introduced liability for the destruction or damage of cultural monuments. In 1983, the range of objects that could be encroached upon under Article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR was expanded. In 1991, the Law of the USSR «On Criminal and Administrative Liability for Violation of Legislation on the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Monuments» was adopted, which established criminal liability for the following criminal acts: intentional destruction, destruction or damage to historical and cultural monuments (para. 1, Art. 1; intentional destruction, destruction or damage to historical and cultural monuments committed repeatedly or causing grave consequences (para. 2, Art. 1); desecration of a historical and cultural monument committed with exceptional cynicism (Art. 3); desecration of a historical and cultural monument without the signs provided for in Article 3 (Art. 5). The above provisions were to be incorporated into the criminal and administrative codes of the union republics. However, the legislator did not introduce the relevant amendments to the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR.

Selected issues concerning the legal and factual protection of contemporary cultural property in Poland

Selected issues concerning the legal and factual protection of contemporary cultural property in Poland

Challenges Requiring New Thinking in Museum Security

Our goal is to provide guidance to those responsible for security involving the protection of cultural property. It’s important to note that the authors here are speaking from positions as practitioners. Our experience in operations, security design, as well as careers in cultural property protection that provided knowledge through trial and error over time as well as working with colleagues in the development of industry best practices as a result of those trials, were instrumental in helping us form the opinions contained in the article. Hence the absence of research and academic references in this article.

Biblioclasm :A Sociocultural Study of Knowledge Destruction and Prevention Through Legal Mechanisms

‘Biblioclasm: A Sociocultural Study of Knowledge Destruction and Prevention Through Legal Mechanisms’ explores the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of biblioclasm, the deliberate destruction of books and knowledge repositories, from a sociocultural perspective. This paper explores the causes of biblioclasm, its historical and modern expressions, and the function of legislative safeguards in preserving intellectual variety and cultural heritage. The study explores the sociocultural roots of biblioclasm and considers the different ideological, political, religious, or cultural motivations that people or groups may have for wanting to eliminate information. The study offers insights into the destructive forces that have affected human history by using historical examples like the burning of the Library of Alexandria and contemporary examples like the destruction of cultural artifacts by terrorist organisations. This study also emphasises the value of legislative safeguards in preventing biblioclasm and safeguarding the world's cultural heritage. It examines the efficiency of international treaties and conventions, such as the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, in averting the loss of knowledge and fostering cultural preservation. The study also looks at how domestic legal systems in particular areas or countries deal with biblioclasm. Keywords - Book Burning, Biblioclam, Iconoclasm, Destruction of Knowledge, Information Censorship, Destruction of Information

International Legal Framework for the Protection of Cultural Objects

Introduction. For thousands of years, historical and cultural monuments have been damaged or destroyed as a result of armed conflicts and acts of vandalism. Given the role that these sites play in the development of humanity, international humanitarian law (IHL) establishes the basis for the international legal protection of religious, cultural and scientific sites. At the beginning of the 20th century. the situation was complicated not only by the absence of a universal international treaty that would be devoted exclusively to the international legal protection of these objects, but also by an international intergovernmental organization that would develop appropriate norms and standards. These problems led to the creation in 1945 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Thanks to the activities of this specialized UN agency, as well as the activities of a number of non-governmental international organizations, it was possible to form an international legal regime for the protection of cultural property both in peacetime and during armed conflicts.As a result of changes in the strategy of conducting armed conflicts, as well as improving the methods and means of conducting them in the 21st century, cultural objects are in great danger. In this regard, the analysis of current international legal norms and principles for the protection of cultural property in the context of international humanitarian law is of particular relevance.Materials and methods. As for the materials, we were talking about legal acts, Russian and cultural information based on the cultural traditions of international law. methodological basis based on scientific methods of lysis and synthesis, comparative legal method, scientific method of delivery.Research results. The evolution of the system of international legal protection of cultural property and world cultural heritage allows us to draw a conclusion about the comprehensive level of such protection, applied both in peacetime and in armed conflicts. The international legal responsibilities of states in this area are associated, first of all, with assessing the significance of cultural objects and giving them the appropriate legal status through national legislation or inclusion in the registers of international organizations.Discussion and conclusion. At the same time, the activities of states and international organizations related to the special designation of cultural objects in armed conflicts, the training of civilian and military personnel, and taking into account the specifics of the placement and maintenance of such objects are of particular importance. The general body of knowledge and skills for the protection and protection of cultural objects is formed by UNESCO as a specialized agency of the United Nations, which strives to preserve the universal heritage as the highest achievements of art and science.

A practical tool to enable Indigenous enterprise planning and development grounded in culture

AbstractGlobally, Indigenous people seek to develop sustainable livelihood options that enable them to practice their culture, look after their traditional estates and generate economic development outcomes for their wider community. Enterprise development can and may provide one such pathway. However, challenges can arise with regard to reconciling the core drivers of ‘economic development’ with aspirations to practice and preserve culture. Current enterprise development approaches and models do not always suit Indigenous contexts. In this paper, we present a practical tool to enable Indigenous leaders, their partners, and others, to consider enterprise development options grounded in culture that may generate multiple benefits including economic outcomes. Our tool combines critical review of alternative development models, with empirical research to outline a set of foundational principles, building blocks and potential enterprise development options. We apply the practical tool to a case study of a nascent enterprise from the northern Australia Indigenous-led bush products sector. The case study illustrates how enterprise development planning is integral and discussions should consider how to enable cultural governance, protection of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property, potential benefits and sharing, access to resources, as well as the ‘building blocks’ for enterprise development and consideration of different enterprise approaches. The practical tool aims to ensure development pathways build on local economies and ecologies, do not compromise culture and recognise the influence of extra-local political economies on lived experiences and outcomes.

중국의 박물관 정책과 집안고구려박물관

This study aims to review examined the unique origin and development process of Chinese museums, focusing on cultural property protection policies. The purpose of this paper is to promote an understanding of the rapidly changing Chinese museum policy and the improvement of the Goguryeo cultural heritage in the family, and to actively utilize it in research on this field. In China, museums possess cultural properties, disseminate history and cultural knowledge, and implement patriotism and socialist education to the public. Local museums, built after the 2000s, are shedding new light on the ancient history and culture of the region from the perspective of the 21st century. To protect the cultural heritage of Goguryeo in the city, the National Cultural Heritage Administration of China has built a new House Ji'an Goguryeo Museum to focus on the relationship between Goguryeo and China's central countries. It best reflects China's ancient Korean history policy through its improved regional cultural heritage, emphasizing that Goguryeo is a part of China's history.

독일의 연방 문화유산법제에 대한 고찰을 통한 우리나라 문화유산법제 개선에의 시사점

With the enactment of ʻthe Basic Law on National Heritageʼ in Korea, The ʻCultural Property Protection Actʼ will be renamed ʻthe Act on the Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Heritageʼ(acronym: the Cultural Heritage Act) from May 17, 2024. The Cultural Heritage Act shall serve as the basic law related to the cultural heritage legislation. The Cultural Heritage Act includes such as contents; the establishment and promotion of the protection of cultural heritage as defined in the Basic Law on National Heritage, the creation of a foundation for cultural heritage protection, and the nationally designated cultural heritage, general movable cultural heritage, and municipal-designated cultural heritage. In the Basic Law on National Heritage, cultural heritage refers only to tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage is separately classified as intangible cultural heritage. But both tangible and intangible cultural heritage should be considered as the subject of the cultural heritage legislation. Korea had a representative comprehensive cultural property protection legal system in the past, but government recently divided the Intangible Cultural Property Act, the Buried Cultural Property Act, and the Cultural Property Repair Act from the previous Cultural Property Protection Act. Furthermore, Matters related to the preservation and management of natural monuments and scenic spots will be stipulated in newly enacted the “Act on the Preservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage” (acronym: Natural Heritage Act). Although the laws was divided from previous Cultural Property Protection Act, the jurisdiction of the Cultural Heritage Administration remains the same. In order for an effective cultural heritage policy to be activated under the changed legal environment, it is necessary to analyze and examine international agreements related to the globalization of cultural heritage and related legal systems of major countries. And these analysis and examination will be contributed to make legislative and policy improvements to the issues that have been problematic domestically. In this regard, this paper aims to draw implications by examining the German cultural heritage legal system which the federal and state cooperate while maintaining a dual system. In Germany, the protection and management of domestic cultural heritage is protected by the State(Land) in the form of monument protection laws, and the federal government operates the cultural property protection law, which aims to prevent cultural property from being lost by controlling the export, import, and distribution of cultural property. I think it will be a great reference for improving legislation for the globalization of cultural heritage in Korea. In particular, the regulations related to the return of cultural properties illegally leaked abroad and the international exchange of cultural properties are worth referring to. Germany's Cultural Property Protection Act as a federal law has detailed regulations that control the export, import, and distribution of cultural properties, so I think it will be a great reference for improving legislation to globalize Korea's cultural heritage. In particular, regulations related to the return of illegally leaked cultural properties overseas, the guarantee of return of international loans, and the international exchange of cultural properties are worth referencing in Korea's legislative improvement.

CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK OF RUSSIAN ARCHITECTS IN THE CITY OF NIKŠIĆ IN MONTENEGRO, THE END OF THE 19th AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY

Introduction: During its long and dramatic history, Montenegro has had close political, economic, and cultural ties with Russia. However, in the context of architecture, the connections between these two countries are the least known and explored. Purpose of the study: The present study aims to present for the first time some of the most significant achievements made by Russian architects in the city of Nikšić in Montenegro in the period between the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century to a wider professional audience. We present two cases: the project of the Cathedral Church of Saint Basil of Ostrog, which was designed by the architect Mikhail Timofeevich Preobrazhensky, and the project of the Upper Ostrog Monastery, the most significant achievement of the architect Vladimir N. Sukurenko. Methods: The methodological approach required classification and comparison of archival materials through the processes of synthesis, analysis, and deduction. Based on the guidelines of the Law on the Protection of Cultural Property of Montenegro, we formed criteria that were used to evaluate the work of the aforementioned architects. The criteria are sorted into three groups. The first group involves building characteristics, where we evaluate authenticity and integrity, degree of preservation, uniqueness, and rarity. In the second group, covering the significance of the building, we assess the historical and scientific significance, archaeological significance, architectural and artistic significance, and technical significance. Finally, in the third group of criteria, we study the age of the buildings, social and economic importance, environmental and landscape importance. Results: Based on our criteria, we find that the Cathedral Church of Saint Basil of Ostrog is a symbol and the most important spatial element of the identity of the city of Nikšić, while the Upper Ostrog Monastery, one of the most important sanctuaries in orthodox Christianity, represents the pinnacle of the construction and architectural process.

The Goodwill and Consistency of Türkiye in the Repatriation of Foreign Cultural Property: Case Studies of China and Iraq

There are many national and international legal frameworks for the protection of cultural property. However, even though states enact laws to protect cultural property, ratify multilateral conventions, and adopt bilateral agreements, the illicit trade in cultural property remains a problem. The return of any cultural property is a multi-layered process, and it is critical that a state’s policy towards displaced cultural property is consistent and based on goodwill to ensure international protection of cultural properties. This article elaborates on Türkiye’s goodwill and consistency in returning foreign cultural property to its country of origin. Two repatriation cases are examined to assess how Türkiye applies the principles of the 1970 UNESCO Convention and the bilateral agreements done accordingly regarding goodwill and consistency. The first case is, the Republic of Türkiye & the People’s Republic of China where the return was based on a bilateral agreement while the second case is the Republic of Türkiye & the Republic of Iraq where the repatriation took place based on diplomatic relations.

Improving the FAIRness of Japanese Archaeological Grey Literature

In Japan, archaeology is predominantly an administrative pursuit, with only 15,261 research-driven excavations compared to 331,574 rescue excavations linked to development projects from 1976 to 2022. This approach operates within a broader framework focused on protecting archaeological sites, part of a larger cultural property preservation program governed by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. The law emphasizes both the preservation and utilization of cultural properties, with protection encompassing these activities. Administrative tasks, including excavation, analysis, selection, repair, public sharing, museum display, and preservation, constitute a cyclical process of cultural property management. The decentralized administrative structure involves the national-level Agency for Cultural Affairs and local boards of education at prefectural and municipal levels. Notably, 95% of excavations over the past fifty years were conducted by administrative agencies as part of cultural property preservation. Fieldwork reports are considered the end-products of excavations, crucial for disseminating results and claiming common ownership. However, due to decentralization, the production and dissemination of grey literature in Japanese archaeology lack coherent management. Initiatives like the Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan (SORAN) aim to enhance the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIRness) of Japanese archaeological grey literature.

Ochrona światowego dziedzictwa kulturalnego i jej znaczenie podczas konfliktów zbrojnych

The article is part of the topic related to the protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage. This protection became the subject of a nationwide scientific conference organized in Poznań on June 20, 2022, titled: “The role of international organizations in the protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage. Reflections on the 50th anniversary of adopting the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage”. The author deals with the issues of civil and military protection of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict. Hence, the article refers to the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the Protocol amending it. This subject is also relevant today in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine. The article also deals with the subject of diplomacy as a tool for creating regulations securing cultural property against destruction and describes the role of international organizations taking up this challenge. Finally, it presents the role of Poland and other countries involved in the process of saving cultural goods in the fighting Ukraine.

Application of experience gleaned from the WHL system in national heritage protection systems – opportunities and benefits

As part of the UNESCO World Heritage System, a unique methodology for the analysis of cultural properties and standards for their protection and management have been developed. The protection of UNESCO properties should be carried out in accordance with these standards. However, the protection of cultural property inscribed on the World Heritage List is carried out within the framework of national monument protection systems. Meanwhile, the standards, methodologies and procedures in force in the World Heritage system, developed by international experts, are in many respects not inconsistent with national heritage protection systems. Therefore, it is necessary to postulate the inclusion of the World Heritage methodology in national heritage protection systems. This is justified for two reasons – it will facilitate the protection of UNESCO properties in accordance with established standards, and it will improve the quality of national heritage protection systems.

Squaring the Triangle of Cultural Property Law. Seventy Years of UNIDROIT’s Work

Squaring the Triangle of Cultural Property Law. Seventy Years of UNIDROIT’s Work A lot has been written about the “Eternal Triangle of Cultural Property Law”, the sale of a cultural object by a non-owner, and the innovative provisions of Article 4 of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects. This article aims to demonstrate how almost 70 years of UNIDROIT’s work in the field have shaped the principles regulating a non domino sales of stolen cultural objects. The article focuses on the work conducted by UNIDROIT; from the drafting of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the draft Convention providing a Uniform Law on the Acquisition in Good Faith of Corporeal Movables to the adoption of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention; and examines its impact on domestic legislation and case law.

The Existence of The Blue Shield Emblem on Cultural Heritage Property in Armed Conflict

The intentional destruction of cultural heritage in armed conflict that is not used for military purposes causes the greatest losses of mankind. Lots of cultural properties have great value as the cultural heritage of mankind. Creating the distinctive emblem through the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols d become a crucial way in terms of the protection of cultural properties. Based on these instruments, three categories of distinctive emblem gave for cultural properties over general, special and enhanced protection. It could impact cultural property under unnecessary damage when armed conflict occurred. Therefore, this research d a crucial basic issue on how form, function, and assignation of the distinctive emblem should be, based on the provisions of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols, as well as related International Humanitarian Law. As the result of this research, it can be said that the existence of a distinctive emblem is remained unclear in terms of its size form and assignation on cultural property. This research ed that the use of distinctive emblem shall be regulated by decisive provisions through a Convention or such a guideline of implementation so that distinctive emblem can be seen by the dispute parties to avoid unnecessary damage to cultural property.

International Treaties of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of an Armed Conflict and the Establishment of Criminal Liability for Encroachments on It

The article is devoted to the analysis of international and national laws on criminal liability for infringements on cultural values in the event of an armed conflict. According to statistical data, 54 armed conflicts happened in the world in 2021, and resulted not only in the loss of human life and destruction, but also in the loss of cultural property. The objects of research are international treaties of the Russian Federation and the norms of national legislation: the Hague Convention On the Laws and Customs of War on Land of 1907; the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 and its protocols; Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims of 1949; Manual on International Humanitarian Law for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the legal conceptual apparatus used in these documents, as well as the theoretical approaches to understanding it, and give their own assessment of the quality and specifics of terminology. The article presents the characteristics of the historical development of the international legal protection mechanism for the abovementioned objects, as well as the implementation of these norms in the national criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The conducted research revealed some drawbacks in establishing liability within the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the inclusion of formal elements of crimes under different chapters, and the absence of necessary features in the description of crimes. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Art. 356 of the CC of the RF within the context of using it for crimes against cultural property in the event of an armed conflict. According to the authors, such legal recognition could have a negative impact on the possibility of bringing the guilty persons to justice. As a result of their research, the authors put forward a suggestion to divide infringements on cultural property in the event of an armed conflict into war crimes committed by combatants, and crimes committed by civilians. The authors use this classification to describe the specifics of the possible inclusion of corpus delicti within the criminal law.

The evolution of the international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict

INTRODUCTION. In recent decades, there has been an escalation of armed clashes in the territories of African states, the states of the Middle East and Central Asia with the participation of military formations, international terrorist groups that everywhere use the practice of attacking and looting cultural property as a military strategy. In this regard, of scientific and practical interest is a comprehensive study of the legal and organizational foundations of international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts, evaluation of their effectiveness and identification of promising tasks for the development of additional measures and strategies for the preservation of cultural heritage, taking into account new challenges and threats.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This paper examines the provisions of key international treaties, decisions of the main bodies and specialized agencies of the UN, which together form the existing international legal regime for the protection of cultural property in armed conflict. The author also analyzes the jurisprudence of international criminal justice bodies on bringing individuals to justice for deliberate attacks on cultural sites as part of hostilities. Special attention is paid to the study of scientific works of both domestic and foreign scientists, within which international legal concepts are formed, designed to resolve existing problems in the current international legal regulation of the issue under study, as well as to form promising concepts in the framework of the development of the doctrine of international law. The methodological basis is made up of general scientific and special research methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. According to the results of the study, it was found that during the XX century states have consistently developed norms for the protection of cultural property from threats associated with armed conflicts, while the XXI century was marked by best practice in the application of the rules on liability for attacks on cultural property in situations of armed conflict in the activities of international justice bodies. In addition, it was determined that for the first time in the history of UN peacekeeping, the UN Security Council tested the mandate of the Multidisciplinary Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, in which the peacekeeping contingent, among other things, performed the tasks of protecting, safeguarding and restoring cultural heritage sites together with UNESCO. It seems significant to identify and generalize the prospects for the development of new international legal measures for the preservation of cultural heritage for future generations, taking into account the changing nature of armed conflicts, the intensification of the activities of international terrorist groups and the growing practice of destroying the centuries-old cultural heritage of peoples in the framework of the so-called “cultural cleansing". The topical aspect of the study was the establishment of new approaches of states to the protection of cultural heritage as a means of ensuring international peace and security.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The publication presents the author's objective assessments of the established international legal framework, judicial practice of international criminal justice bodies, as well as doctrinal approaches of both domestic and foreign scientists on the issue of international legal regulation of the protection of cultural property during armed conflicts. Separately, the forms of international legal cooperation of states at the UN site within the framework of the UNESCO profile organization for the development of modern regulatory and organizational foundations for the interaction of the competent authorities of states to prevent and suppress the destruction of cultural heritage, as well as the looting and illegal export of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict, especially terrorist groups.