Protection Of Citizens Research Articles

The Situation of People With Disabilities in the Category of Socially Protected Groups

Objective: «The phenomenon of disability is closely linked to acute problems in society. Social isolation and «disability - lack of access to a decent education – difficulty finding a job – poverty» - this is a bitter truth that exists in the beginning of millions of people and none of them is insured. The main aim of the work is to study the situation of social protection of disabled citizens from a scientific-theoretical, for legislative purposes, to reveal some concepts in accordance with certain stages of social development and to give separate conclusions. Methode: The basis of the research methods is the analysis of theoretical and legal concepts, statistical, understanding, and systemic methods that appear when considering the situation of citizens with disabilities. Result: The rights of people in need of social protection have long been the subject of close scrutiny by the international community. Nowadays a number of documents have been developed and adopted. Such acts determine the attitude of society and the state to people with disabilities, as well as the relationship of this group of people with society and the state. Many provisions of these acts provide a reliable legal basis for the life and social protection of people with disabilities in the country. Suggestions: The problem of people with disabilities requires from society not only understanding, but also ensuring the participation of many structures in this process. Providing a number of benefits, we are talking about how to continue to improve the issues of citizens with disabilities, to improve the legislation regulating public relations in the field of social protection, to increase the amount of measures taken to promote public life. Analyzing the situation of people with disabilities in the modern Kazakhstani society, we can say that the state is doing a lot to improve their quality of life, but still a lot of work needs to be done in the field of rehabilitation of people with disabilities. Among them, it is necessary to improve education, employment, health care measures.

Current aspects and problematic issues of the use of a polygraph in public service in modern conditions

In the work, the author examines problematic issues related to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and legal regulation of the use of a polygraph in public service. The article deals with various aspects of the use of a polygraph in the public sphere, including legal aspects, psychological and pedagogical features, physiological and ethical issues, as well as the protection of citizens' rights. In addition, it examines the experience of using a polygraph in various conditions when the procedure for obtaining, identifying, processing, storing and reliability of data is carried out, and as a result, it becomes necessary for competent public sector specialists to constantly pay special attention to the safety of storing and using confidential information received. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the use of a polygraph, the paper describes the tasks facing specialists, considers algorithms and techniques used to assess the reliability of the information received. The following methods were used in the preparation of the article : an analysis of literature, a system approach, comparative analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical thinking techniques, classification. The main conclusions of the research conducted by the author are organizational aspects aimed at respecting the rights and freedoms of citizens who, for one reason or another, will have to undergo the testing procedure on a polygraph device. A prerequisite is the fact that the legal regulation of the use of a polygraph in the civil service requires clear formulation, transparency and objectivity of procedures, timely clarification of the upcoming nuances of the polygraph examination, related possible restrictions, but at the same time compliance with guarantees for employees who are being tested. This topic, in its content and meaning, is relevant, and therefore, today, the development of legal and methodological mechanisms for the use of a polygraph in the public sphere, based on scientific developments by leading scientists and practitioners in this field of knowledge, is in demand.

РИНОК ПРАЦІ: ВИКЛИКИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ

The article discusses topical issues related to the impact of the digital economy and wartime on the labor market. It is determined that the consequences of the war are primarily reflected in job losses, the difference between labor supply and demand, deepening imbalances in qualifications and the difficulty of reproducing the labor force. It is analyzed that, in addition to traditional methods of labor reproduction, digital reproduction is effective in this context, providing technological industrial renewal and reforming the educational system. Although digital transformation poses challenges, such as the displacement of certain social groups from the labor market and the growing digital divide, it has been shown to increase productivity, increase wages, and reduce labor needs. The study concluded that amid the war in Ukraine, there is a problem of access to the digital economy, technological modernization of industry, legislative reform, and intensification of entrepreneurship. An important area for the implementation of these measures is the development of a program of state incentives, reform of the educational system and social unemployment insurance. Digital innovations are affecting the skills requirements for employees and for successful employment in general, which can lead to social disputes and significantly widen the gap between different social groups. The consequences of the war, including active hostilities and shelling, are leading to increased imbalances in the labor market and a reduction in the number of jobs. The author concludes that in order to minimize the risks associated with digital transformation, it is critical to use strategic solutions, including the creation of a government incentive program to increase jobs, legislative regulation of employee rights protection and restrictions on automation, and the creation of an education system to meet the requirements of digital labor market reforms. In addition, it is necessary to ensure effective social unemployment insurance measures to ensure stability and protection of citizens in the new labor market conditions.

STRATEGIC CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE MANAGEMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENTERPRISES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the insufficient conceptual development of the paradigm of strategic management of telecommunications enterprises in the digital economy. The article reveals the essence of defining and applying strategic criteria for assessing the management of telecommunications enterprises. It is determined that the essence lies in the ability to predict the business situation, prevent the negative impact of internal and external factors, introduce measures to minimize costs, ensure the achievement of the set goals and, above all, obtain a positive financial result of the enterprise's activity - the desired profit. The article argues that the digital economy, which is spreading through active digitalization and is based on the activities of telecommunications enterprises, gives rise to a new type of strategic management and leads to profound changes in how telecommunications enterprises should be organized today and managed in the future. The article describes the current trends that already have a major impact on the organization of telecommunications enterprises and will shape changes in the strategic management of telecommunications enterprises in the near future. These circumstances require further scientific developments on the formation of new approaches to the strategic management of telecommunications enterprises and tools for their implementation based on strategic criteria for assessing the management of telecommunications enterprises in the context of the development of the digital economy. The author's approach to determining the directions of digitalization's impact on the activities of telecommunications enterprises is proposed, which allows to outline the strategic criteria for assessing the management of telecommunications enterprises in the long term. The study allows us to conclude that the strategic management of telecommunication enterprises in the digital economy requires expanded monitoring and analysis of the external environment; enhancing the safety, protection and empowerment of citizens, ensuring freedom of choice on the Internet, continuous improvement and development of telecommunication devices and channels and integration of innovations; supporting participation in the digital public space by creating a digital environment in which interaction between participants takes place through digital services.

Formation of civic stance in the aspect of inclusive decision-making

Issue of forming a civic stance of universities in the context of an inclusive approach to decision-making within the framework of global and national societal values is raised. The paper emphasizes the importance and necessity of studying and implementing progressive global experience in the field of inclusion. The ways of introducing into Ukrainian society the latest paradigm of inclusive social and educational environment of universities as a basis for social protection, social cohesion, and responsibility of citizens of our state in the conditions of modern integration challenges are analyzed as a means of forming civic stance and strengthening the social cohesion of the public. The current issues of the role of universities in society, strategies for shaping their strategies for implementing an inclusive approach to decision-making, promoting career development of students (including those with special educational needs), internationalization of education, etc., are outlined. An analytical overview of trends in the development of higher education institutions as factors of integration into the global scientific and educational space is provided. The urgent state of formation of an inclusive, innovative, socially cohesive society is highlighted, and concepts of reform, bases of a perspective vision of the development of Ukrainian higher education are characterized. Key parameters for ensuring the ability of specialists to compete in society are identified. The prospects for forming the civic stance of universities through an inclusive approach to decision-making for the professional training of specialists in the conditions of an inclusive society are also identified

Історико-теоретичні аспекти дослідження Шведської моделі розвитку

Swedish model of development is one of the most successful in the world, with high levels of well-being, social equality and economic stability. An analysis of its historical and theoretical foundations allows us to understand what factors contributed to the achievement of these results. In today’s world, many countries face challenges such as economic inequality, aging populations, migration crises, climate change, etc. The Swedish model can offer valuable experience that can be adapted by other countries to address these challenges. The object of the research is the Swedish model of socioeconomic development. The subject of the research is the historical and theoretical aspects of of studying the Swedish model of development. The aim of the article is to study the historical prerequisites and stages of formation of the socioeconomic policy of Sweden. In the course of the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the theoretical method, the method of comparison, the calculation and constructive method, the analytical and prognostic methods were used. The article highlights the socioeconomic and political profile of Sweden; the main stages of historical development and formation of socioeconomic policy of Sweden are identified. The authors concluded that national models of economic development, despite some common features, demonstrate unique characteristics in each country. An important aspect of the success of such models is the reliance on general principles and norms that promote socioeconomic growth. The success of the socioeconomic policy of any country is based on deep historical values, an active foreign policy and reliable social protection of citizens, including access to education, health care and social support. Achievements in the economic sphere allow Sweden to conduct an active foreign policy and strengthen its position in international organizations and entities. Sweden also uses economic leverages to advance its foreign policy goals, which provides it with influence in the international arena not only economically, but also politically and strategically. In the future, Sweden must maintain a balance between a high level of social protection and economic sustainability. It is important to improve strategies to combat unemployment and stimulate the development of innovative sectors of the economy in order to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the Swedish economy at the international level.

Principle of separation of powers between the legislature and judicially

The separation of powers is a fundamental principle in modern democracies that serves to limit power and protect citizens' freedoms. In this context, the division of state power between the legislature and the judiciary is of particular importance. The question of the effectiveness of this principle and its impact on governance is of continuing interest to political science. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in limiting power and protecting citizens' rights. The central question is: To what extent does the division of state power between these two bodies contribute to safeguarding democracy and protecting individual freedoms? The research methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of literature sources, including theoretical works on the separation of powers and political philosophy. Case studies from different countries are also used to examine the practical application of this principle. Quantitative analyses of data on democracy and civil rights complement the qualitative research. The research shows that the separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary does indeed help to limit power and protect citizens' rights. The independence of the judiciary is crucial to upholding the rule of law, and the parliamentary system promotes political representation. In countries with an effective separation of powers, democracy and freedoms tend to be better protected. The findings of this research highlight the importance of the separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary as a fundamental principle of democratic governance. The clear separation of duties and the independence of these two bodies help to prevent abuse of power and protect citizens' rights. This becomes particularly evident when looking at countries where this principle is effectively implemented.

УЧЁТ ОТРАСЛЕВЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЕНСИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА)

The development of the pension system of the Russian Federation is ensured through the implementation of the Strategy adopted for the period until 2030. At the same time, industry characteristics and specifics of individual types of economic activity are not reflected. As part of the implementation of programs for import substitution and ensuring food security, it is extremely important to ensure a decent level of social protection for citizens employed in agriculture. It was revealed that agricultural workers can apply for insurance pensions in the amount of 12,483.98 rubles to 37,216.17 rubles (depending on the insurance period, the category affecting the salary, and the right to a 25% increase in the fixed payment). Currently, the minimum target value limit (2.5) is crossed only by managers of agricultural organizations with at least 30 years of experience. Moreover, in the study period, a reduction in this ratio was revealed from 2.60 to 2.54 (with 30 years of experience) and from 2.94 to 2.86 (with 35 years of experience). In order to solve the identified problems, the author proposes to supplement the Strategy for the Development of the Pension System until 2030 with provisions on the need to bring the average pension to 2.5-3 subsistence minimums, not only for the economy as a whole, but also for certain types of economic activity. It seems possible to reduce the existing gap by establishing a double fixed payment for all agricultural workers, regardless of place of residence. In order to fairly determine the amount of insurance pensions for citizens with a short period of insurance experience, it seems possible to pay an additional fixed payment in proportion to the ratio of the actual insurance experience and 30 years (currently enshrined in law for receiving a 25% premium to the fixed payment).

온라인공간에서의 테러정보 차단을 위한 비교법적 검토

Recently, illegal information about terrorism is being provided online due to change in the security environment. This phenomenon requires preventive and active functions and roles from related organizations. There are limits to the ability of relevant organizations in specific countries to prevent and respond independently because terrorist crimes transnational borders and the means and methods of criminal acts are carried out secretly. In particular, cooperation between relevant organizations and the international community are essential in surveillance and monitoring to prevent terrorism information, which are preventive functions, and investigation and punishment. In Korea, Act On Counter-terrorism For The Protection Of Citizens And Public Security, Act On Promotion Of Information And Communications Network Utilization And Information Protection, Act On The Establishment And Operation Of Korea Communications Commission, and the Deliberation Regulations on Information and Communications are being implemented in order to limit propaganda and incitement activities related to terrorism. In case of violation of the relevant laws, rejection, suspension, and restrictions on illegal information. Also, in countries such as the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Australia, the policy of proactively preventing crimes that violate national security or national interests has implications such as terrorist crimes.

To what extent are Dutch citizens' interests and rights protected by ethical guidelines for smart cities?

Over the past two decades, the notion of smart cities has become increasingly popular to solve the complex problems that cities are facing. To deal with the ethical implications of smart cities, the Netherlands face a proliferation of ethical guidelines, principles, and manifests. However: To what extent are Dutch citizens' interests protected by ethical guidelines? This study answers that question using a critical discourse analysis. This exploratory analysis uncovers unnoticed themes in the ethical discourse on smart cities and offers recommendations to strengthen the protection of citizens. Together, the ethical guidelines that are selected represent at least five major cities in the Netherlands. This study finds that the ethical guidelines support the Smart City discourse in which: data is seen as a promise for the future, citizens' interests are not central and public-private governance is pre-supposed in the digital public space. Indeed, the ethical guidelines overlook how Big Data analytics transforms ways of governing, which is described as ‘algorithmic governmentality’. Therefore, if guidelines want to commit to the protection of citizens' interests, this study encourages them to review their guidelines in a Big Data context. However, as ultimately only laws and regulations can ensure the protection of citizens' interests and rights, future research is encouraged to look into the restructuring of the legal system.

RETURNING TO THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION OF DOCTOR OF LAW L.T. ZHANUZAKOV AND CANDIDATE OF LAW B.K. NURGAZINOV «THE ROLE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN ENSURING STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTANI SOCIETY»

The article examines the role of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, adopted on August 30, 1995 at the republican referendum. Taking into account current trends and challenges, it is pointed out the need for further development and strengthening of civil society institutions in the country, strengthening mutual control by the state and society over the processes taking place in the country. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the fundamental basis for the development of the country, establishing the principles of the rule of law and strengthening constitutional and national security. It has defined new vectors for the development of statehood, ensuring stability and guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of every citizen. The Constitution clearly stipulates that the Republic of Kazakhstan is a sovereign and independent State. This means that it has full power and control over its affairs, makes decisions freely, conducts foreign policy and develops independently. Kazakhstan is also recognized as democratic, which implies the participation of citizens in decision-making, protection and observance of the rights and freedoms of each individual. An important principle laid down in the Constitution is the welfare State. This means that Kazakhstan strives to ensure equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of resources and social protection for all its citizens. Taking care of the well-being and well-being of each individual becomes a priority task of public policy. The state policy of Kazakhstan is aimed at ensuring the stability and prosperity of society. Through legislation, social programs and regulation, the country strives to create a favorable environment for the development of its citizens, maintaining their dignity and improving their quality of life.

General principles of the Code of Administrative Procedure as guidelines for public administration authorities

In general terms, administrative law can be defined as the part of the legal system that regulates the structure and functioning of public administration authorities in specific forms (in terms of the entities concerned and subject matter). With regard to the nature of the functions of public administration authorities, administrative law consists of an orderly set of legal norms, the rationale for which is the direct observance of the values identified by public administration authorities as being in the common interest. The concept of the common interest refers to the axiological foundations of this branch of law, as it aggregates all values specified in the Constitution and statutes for the implementation of which the law is made. By introducing uniform procedures for handling official cases, the administrative procedure ensures the protection of citizens from arbitrariness on the part of public administration authorities. The purpose of this article is to present the general principles of the Code of Administrative Procedure, CAP (PL: Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego, k.p.a.) as a structured catalogue. These principles provide guidance for public administration authorities. An official conducts administrative proceedings to the extent specified by administrative law. In order to properly fulfil their statutory duties, an official should have relevant knowledge of law. Keywords: code of administrative procedure, applicability of general rules, dministrative proceedings, general rules of administrative proceedings

Protection of Citizens' Electoral Rights: The Problem of the Proportionality of Criminal Sanctions

This article is a criminal law axiological study of the protection of electoral rights of citizens of the Russian Federation in modern conditions. The object and subject of research were determined on the basis of the analysis of current Russian legislation. The immediate object of the study are the Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation determining liability for obstructing the exercise of electoral rights or the work of electoral commissions; for violating the procedure of financing a candidate’s electoral campaign, electoral union, work of an initiative group conducting a referendum, or another group of referendum participants; for falsifying electoral documentation, documentation of a referendum, documentation of an All-Russian vote; for falsifying the vote’s results; for unlawful provision and obtaining of an electoral bulletin, bulletin for voting at a referendum, bulletin for an All-Russian vote. The main methodological instrument of the study is the «protection index» introduced into scientific discourse by representatives of the Ural Law School. In recent years the «protection index» has become widespread both in the general theory of law and in different branches of law, including criminal law. The use of this index lies behind an attempt to show the proportionality of sanctions for crimes against the electoral rights of citizens. The current article determines the methodology of the study, its goals and tasks. The authors suggest supplementing the existing methods with a new electoral protection index, which will allow them to better present the specific features of the subject under research. The diversity of criminal law sanctions for electoral crimes makes the research objectives considerably harder to achieve, but, at the same time, renders them more relevant and valuable from the practical viewpoint because the proportionality of sanctions is a problem not only of the theory of criminal law, but also the practice of determining punishments in criminal cases. Besides, the criminal law norm sanction is viewed not only as an element of the law norm, but also as a part of the criminal law regulation mechanism. The suggested method makes it possible to illustrate the proportionality of the sanctions for electoral crimes in criminal law norms and to formulate suggestions on improving the current legislation.

Administrative-legal support for the protection of citizens personal data: contemporary theoretical approaches

The article is devoted to the issues of modern understanding of the concept, essence and content of administrative and legal support for the protection of personal data of citizens. In this aspect, the author emphasizes the growing need to form an appropriate level of protection of an individual from information threats of the modern world and to form administrative and legal support for the protection of personal data of citizens.
 The methodological basis of the study. The selected issue is approached using a systematic methodology, which incorporates dialectical, formal-logical, and structural-functional methods, in addition to other standard scientific research techniques. Furthermore, specific legal methods, such as formal-logical, systematic-functional, comparative analysis, methods of legal interpretation, and legal forecasting, are employed. The study is grounded in the theory of cognition, with a particular emphasis on materialist dialectics as its overarching method. General scientific research methods used include formal-logical and systematic approaches.
 Results. The author emphasizes that legal protection of personal data by the authorities is based on legislation and regulations governing the rights and obligations of the authorities with respect to personal data processing. It is emphasized that these rules may include requirements for data registration, confidentiality, notification of an individual about the collection and use of his or her personal data, and establishment of liability for violation of data protection rules. The concept of personal data protection by the authorities includes the adoption of appropriate legal measures to ensure the security and confidentiality of these data.
 Conclusions. The administrative and legal support for the protection of citizens’ personal data takes place within the activities of government authorities as an element of their service function. The concept of administrative and legal support for the protection of citizens’ personal data is defined as the regulated administrative and legal activities of entities responsible for ensuring the protection of personal data, primarily the activities of public administration subjects, aimed at administrative and legal regulation, implementation, protection, and safeguarding of public relations in the field of personal data. It guarantees the rights and legitimate interests of all subjects of legal relations, focusing on creating the necessary conditions for compliance with legislation on personal data protection. It is emphasized that administrative support is the activity of public authorities manifested in legal regulation, application, and protection of the rights, freedoms, and interests of citizens.

A Review of the Current Regulatory Framework for Supersonic Civil Aircraft: Noise and Emissions Regulations

The request for faster and greener civil aviation is urging the worldwide scientific community and aerospace industry to develop a new generation of supersonic aircraft, which are expected to be environmentally sustainable, and to guarantee a high level of protection for citizens. The availability of novel propulsive technologies, together with the development of new civil supersonic passenger aircraft configurations and missions, is pushing international authorities to update the regulatory framework to limit nuisances on the ground and the contribution to climate change. Existing ICAO noise and emissions standards are outdated as they were developed in the 1970s and tailored to Concorde, the only SST that has ever operated in Western airspace. This article provides (i) a comprehensive review of current environmental regulations for SST, encompassing noise and pollutant emissions near airports (LTO cycle) as well as CO2 emissions and sonic booms, and (ii) updated information about the ongoing rulemaking activities by ICAO, FAA and EASA. This review clearly highlights the following findings: (i) the need to revise current rules to better fit future SST design, operations and technologies; (ii) the need to introduce new regulations to cover additional aspects, including stratospheric water vapour emissions and ozone depletion; and (iii) the need to support regulatory activities with solid technical bases, fostering cooperation with academia, research centres and industry in R&D projects. Eventually, a practical example of how SST rulemaking activities are supported by the collaborative research H2020 MORE&LESS is reported.

Implementation Of Legal And Human Rights Protection For Children And Disabilities

This research explores the legal protection of children and persons with disabilities in Indonesia within the framework of human rights. The study assesses the implementation of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning child protection and Law No. 8 of 2016 regarding disabilities. The constitutional context, incorporating human rights in the 1945 Constitution, sets the foundation for the protection of citizens' rights and obligations. While child protection laws exist, the increasing violations and challenges faced by children in various aspects of life underscore the need for an effective implementation mechanism. Additionally, the absence of derivative regulations for the Disability Law hampers its optimal enforcement, leading to uncertainties and potential rights violations for persons with disabilities. The study utilizes the Normative Juridical method, relying on secondary data through library research to analyze legal provisions and regulations. The results highlight the broad spectrum of legal protection for children, encompassing human rights, judicial processes, welfare, and protection from exploitation. Conversely, the research identifies shortcomings in the implementation of disability laws, emphasizing the crucial role of derivative regulations in ensuring effective protection for persons with disabilities. The conclusion emphasizes the need for improved government actions, collaboration, and the issuance of derivative regulations to enhance the practical realization of legal protections for both children and persons with disabilities.

Protection of the Rights of Russian Citizens at the Supranational Level: in Search of Alternatives

Recently, international relations have deteriorated sharply, provoking the erosion of supranational human rights institutions. Against this background, Russia withdrew from the Council of Europe and, accordingly, from the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Federal legislation has introduced norms on the protection of Russian citizens from international bodies whose decisions contradict national legislation. However, this does not solve the overall task of protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens at the supranational level. The article concludes that it is necessary to make more active use of the remaining opportunities to protect the rights of Russian citizens at the supranational level, as well as to create new alternative institutions for the protection of human rights within the framework of international associations friendly to Russia, such as the CIS, the SCO and the EAEU.

Civil Society in the Crosshairs

As a result of permanent crises, changing political circumstances, rise of populism and overwhelming socio-cultural conflicts, recently liberal democracy is on the decline. This process strongly affects the civil sector, which in the 21st century is still considered one of the main defenders of democracy and human rights. Civil sector also performs a couple of functions that help them try to monitor the state (watchdog function), protect citizens, minorities, human rights, environment, animals etc. and provide a normative behavioural attitude. Nowadays in many countries the activities of civil organizations are restricted, displaced or terminated. Focusing on those countries where democratic backsliding process can be clearly observed, this study examines the background and forms of the process by which civils turned from partners to “enemies” in the last decade.

Ethical Aspects of Biometric Identification

The term biometrics derives from Greek (bio=life and metrics=measure) and implies the measurement of biological signs. Biometrics is the science of recognizing people based on their physical, behavioral, and physiological attributes, such as fingerprint, face scan, iris, retina, and voice. The present paper aims to develop a study on biometric identification. The major objective of the study is to conduct a survey among the Romanian population on the importance and knowledge of biometric identification methods. This objective was achieved by assessing the knowledge held by the general population of Romania regarding biometric indicators and the degree of adaptability and openness of citizens related to the widest possible implementation of biometrics. The study was based on conducting a quantitative analysis using a questionnaire. Due to the high degree of accessibility, the online environment was chosen as a method of application, distribution being made through social networks. A biometric template digitizes the human body, it has been argued that the collection of biometric identifiers not only interferes with the privacy and right to protection of a person's data, but also with the integrity of an individual's body. In conclusion, the creation and storage of a unique biometric template must be seen in relation to the purpose of the operation. The protection of citizens from criminal activities is a primary obligation of the state. However, it must be exercised with due respect for a number of fundamental ethical values and in the light of modern human rights law.

Проблема выявления семейного неблагополучия на ранних стадиях (анализ нормативно-правовой базы)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Protecting the right of a child to live and be brought up in a family is an important area of State social policy. The realization of this right requires the identification of a violation of the functioning of the family at the initial stages. For early detection of dysfunctional families, it is necessary to establish clear rules for the exchange of information about dysfunctional families. This requirement is not currently being met. The Law on Education does not impose on teaching staff the obligation to inform the guardianship authorities about crisis families. The Law on the Protection of Citizens' Health does not allow medical workers to send information received during the provision of medical care to the guardianship authorities.</span></p>