Protection Of Ancient Buildings Research Articles

Digital 3D Reconstruction of Ancient Chinese Great Wild Goose Pagoda by TLS Point Cloud Hierarchical Registration

Digital reconstruction of ancient buildings is very challenging due to its architectural complexity and structural delicacy. Therefore, how to apply new Earth Observation (EO) technology to digitally reconstruct the complete and real model of ancient buildings without damage has become an urgent issue. This article proposes a multi-scan point cloud hierarchical registration method for 3D reconstruction of the ancient Chinese Great Wild Goose Pagoda based on Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) data. First, a multi-scan point cloud hierarchical registration method is elaborately designed for 3D reconstruction. Then, the outline feature of the ancient Chinese Great Wild Goose Pagoda is automatically extracted by point cloud slicing. Finally, fine modeling is carried out according to the outline feature extracted from the reconstructed point cloud, and after that block combination and texture mapping are conducted for 3D digitalization and documentation. The experiments indicate that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of multi-scan hierarchical registration of the translation and rotation are less than 3 cm and 0.862 ∘ , respectively, and the complete and real model of the Great Wild Goose Pagoda is obtained by fine modeling and texture mapping, which provides an important reference for 3D digital protection of ancient buildings.

A Study of Strategies for the Conservation and Reuse of Historic Building Spaces

Today there are many ancient buildings from the ancients, these buildings are not only the buildings themselves they carry the human civilization of each different era, so in modern times protecting these ancient buildings is particularly important. The protection of historical buildings is complex, and in this process, there are three important principles, the principle of comprehensive protection, the principle of maintaining the status quo as far as possible, and the principle of historical authenticity, which play a key role in the protection of ancient buildings, so that more ancient buildings with a long history can be preserved. At the same time, due to the limited nature of the earth's resources, the reuse of resources is particularly important nowadays, which can make the limited resources expand their usefulness, and the redevelopment of buildings is also the same. In terms of historical sites this not only does a good job of preservation but also economically promotes the economic development of today's society, so that society can be sustainable development.

Evaluation of Renovation Projects of Urban Villages and Historic Buildings in Shenzhen

With the continuous improvement of the urbanization level, urban construction and scale expansion, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the urban social economy, promote the rational and effective use of the urban land, improve the urban environment quality and urban facilities, urban areas must carry out the planned transformation. Aiming at Shenzhen, this paper discusses the principles of reconstruction, analyzes existing problems, and puts forward suggestions from the two directions of reconstruction of urban villages and historical buildings. The reconstruction of urban villages mainly follows the principle of the comprehensive renovation. The main problems are high rent, poor environment and high demolition costs. We suggest optimizing the structure of public space, unified government planning and guidance, more professional policies, market-oriented construction, and encouraging rural collective economic organizations to transform themselves. The reconstruction of historical buildings mainly follows the protection planning policies of historic areas. The existing problems include large-scale demolition and construction, lack of features and imperfect commercialization of historic districts. We suggest that the protection of ancient buildings should be strengthened, the architectural styles should be diversified, and other functions should be introduced in addition to the original residential functions.

Research on digital restoration and restoration methods of ancient buildings Based on PBR material technology-- Taking Shenyang Shifo Temple Pagoda as an Example

This thesis studies "the digital restoration and restoration method of ancient buildings based on PBR material technology". Based on physical principles, PBR material technology presents real light and shadow effects and materials. Taking the Stone Buddha Temple Pagoda as an example, through data collection, modeling, texture reconstruction, and the application of PBR material technology, the digital restoration of ancient buildings is realized. The evaluation of the restoration effect shows that digital restoration enhances the authenticity and sustainability of the restoration effect of ancient buildings, and brings new possibilities for the protection of cultural heritage. However, the application of PBR material technology needs to fully consider the characteristics of building materials and environmental conditions. This study promotes new ideas and methods for the protection of ancient buildings, and continues to promote innovation in the protection of ancient buildings.

Ethnonationalism and Cultural Heritage Law in Myanmar

This article highlights the legal and technical challenges of contemporary heritage conservation in the context of a weak democracy, ethnic unrest, and military rule. Burma was a military dictatorship from 1962 to 2010, followed by the operation of the civil government between 2011 and 2021, which was then overthrown by the military in 2021. These ten years of civil government were characterized by a reopening of the borders to the international community, initiatives towards democracy. In terms of cultural heritage, Myanmar appeared to have made progress in modernizing its legislation when the country ratified and implemented international conventions protecting tangible cultural heritage such as the World Heritage Convention, the 1970 UNESCO Convention, and the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention. In 2015, the elected parliament drafted new legislation protecting cultural heritage: the Law Protecting Ancient Objectsand theLaw on the Preservation and Protection of Ancient Buildings. How has the ratification of international conventions and new laws impacted domestic conservation practices in Myanmar? The democratic turn entailed a visible modernization of laws, policies, and conservation techniques. However, this time was also characterized by peaks of violence between the Burman government, the Rohingya people, and other ethnic minorities. Ultimately, this article reveals that the protection of heritage became closely linked to ethnonationalist ideologies that have survived the numerous changes of political regime. This is particularly true in the Burmese context. Foreign technical assistance must be aware of the country’s complexity and learn from lessons of the past.

Victorian values: past and present in the refurbishment of London’s historic churches

ABSTRACT In 1842, The Ecclesiologist, a publication dedicated to the development of church architecture, suggested that ‘to restore is to revive the original appearance … lost by decay, accident, or ill-judged alteration.’ 1 This sentiment informed the restoration of countless medieval churches over the nineteenth century and ultimately triggered the foundation of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB); the body that would shape twentieth-century conservation philosophy. This article suggests that a number of recent church schemes in London illustrate a growing shift away from orthodox conservation principles towards creative restoration. Three Anglican churches that are currently undergoing a programme of refurbishment will be examined to shed light on emerging practices. Though none of the refurbishments have attempted to recreate the original church, all three have foregrounded the original shell and plan and, in doing so reflect The Ecclesiologist’s position that ‘we must, whether from existing evidences or from supposition, recover the original scheme of the edifice, as conceived by the first builder … ’ 2 This article explores the factors that are influencing new approaches in church refurbishments, reading these against nineteenth-century debates on conservation and restoration.

3D Reconstruction and Intelligent Digital Conservation of Ancient Buildings Based on Laser Point Cloud Data

With the wide application of computer technology, how to carry out digital modeling and virtual simulation for the protection of ancient buildings has become a new research field. The combination of LiDAR (LiDAR) point cloud data can significantly improve the performance of 3D spatial information extraction of buildings. To improve the level of ancient building conservation, this article uses LiDAR point cloud data to collect ancient building data, extracts 3D spatial location information from multisource remote sensing optical stereo images, restores 3D spatial structure information of buildings from LiDAR point cloud data, conducts optimized topology research work, jointly extracts 3D spatial information of buildings with structural constraints, and compares the collected data with the original data. The research results show that the traditional data collection method has a large error of about 10%, while the data collected by LiDAR (LiDAR) point cloud data in this article is close to the original data. The error is around 3%, which can well complete the 3D reconstruction and protection of ancient buildings.

Study on Deterioration Law and Mechanism of Gray Brick Due to Salt Crystallization.

Salinization has an important impact on the degradation of ancient masonry buildings, and systematically mastering the law of salt migration and degradation of ancient masonry buildings is an important part of the protection of ancient buildings. In this paper, the damage law of gray bricks under the action of salt crystallization is studied. The orthogonal test method is used to carry out cyclic degradation tests on gray bricks. The nominal strength is proposed as a mechanical parameter to measure the structural damage of grey bricks, and the change in compressive strength and crystallization pressure of the samples after the test is measured and analyzed. The results show that the damage of different salts in the gray bricks shows a certain difference. Magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride cause significant damage to the surface of the gray bricks, while calcium chloride does not cause significant damage to the surface of the gray bricks. When the concentrations of sodium chloride solution, calcium chloride solution and magnesium sulfate solution are less than 13.73 mol/L, 11.47 mol/L and 17 mol/L, respectively, the nominal strength of gray brick samples increases; In the range of 9.9 mol/L and 4.73–8.94 mol/L, the crystallization pressure began to appear inside the sample. The research results provide an important scientific basis for evaluating the damage caused by salting to the damage of porous ancient building materials such as masonry.

Risk Identification and Weight Analysis of Meteorological Disasters on Ancient Buildings

Meteorological disasters impose significant challenges on protection of ancient buildings. By use of Delphi method and Multi-subject research including architecture, meteorology and archaeology, this work identifies major meteorological disasters on ancient buildings. The hierarchical model of risk influential factors is established. It contains four first-grade factors such as wind, flood, lightning and snow disaster, ten second-grade factors and twenty third-grade factors. Then, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to calculate weight of those factors. The result showed that lightning disasters had largest threat on ancient buildings among the four major kinds of meteorological disasters. Its weight was the highest of 0.383, followed by that of flood and wind disasters with weight of 0.31 and 0.22 respectively. Snow disasters had the smallest weight of 0.09. Lightning protection measures have significant influence on vulnerability of ancient buildings and on lightning disaster risks. So, to protect ancient buildings against meteorological disasters, besides characteristics of the disasters themselves, all the mentioned factors such as architectural structure, building types and environment should be taken into consideration. Specific protection strategies are then implemented according to weights of different factors.

Digital Protection of Ancient Buildings Based on BIM Simulation Technology

To improve the digital protection effect of ancient buildings, this study improves the space digital technology, combines the digital interpolation method to carry out the space digital simulation algorithm research, and combines the BIM simulation technology on the basis of the improved algorithm to carry out the digital protection processing of the ancient buildings. Moreover, this study starts from the actual situation to construct an intelligent digital protection system of ancient building. In addition, through the ancient building spatial data database, this study uses the visualization function and the powerful spatial analysis ability of GIS technology to design and research the digital protection system of ancient building. Through simulation research, it can be known that the digital protection system of ancient buildings based on BIM simulation technology proposed in this study has a good simulation effect and can provide reliable technical support for the protection and subsequent restoration of ancient buildings.

Application of 3D Information Expression Method of Ancient Buildings Based on Point Cloud Data and BIM

Recently, with the continuous development of technologies such as smart cities and virtual reality, the demand for 3D geospatial data is also growing. 3D laser scanning technology can be used to collect 3D geospatial data, create 3D scenes and collect other data to obtain outstanding Visual effects and scalability. This article puts forward the application research of ancient architecture three-dimensional information expression method based on point cloud data and BIM. Using 3D point cloud modeling and surface reconstruction of 3D point cloud data, in the form of a grid of a given point cloud, a 3D point cloud modeling is used to reconstruct a 3D model based on point cloud data and perform surface reconstruction of 3D point cloud data. process. The 3D digital protection of ancient Chinese buildings is an important way to inherit the essence of Chinese architecture. It helps to record the structural shape and historical, cultural and scientific value of ancient buildings, and provides accurate data support for the maintenance and repair of buildings. Accurate data support for building repairs and maintenance has improved the accuracy and visibility of information by 50% for the protection of ancient buildings.

Development law of axial compression and cracks in ancient brick masonry

To study the axial compressive strength of an ancient brick masonry and the occurrence and development of cracks, compressive tests were carried out on two groups of ancient brick masonries prepared using different mortars. The load–deformation curve, stress–strain curve, and crack data of the masonry were obtained. Based on the method used to determine masonry cracking, the cracking load was comprehensively evaluated by analyzing the stress process of the masonry, load–deformation curve, single-crack length, and crack development. The stress–strain relationship of the masonry was established, and a trilinear model was fitted, to accurately reflect the relationship between the crack length and the load. Unlike modern masonries, the cracks in ancient brick masonries onset early and develop rapidly. The cracking load was concentrated in the range of 0.30fm–0.45fm, where fm is the compressive strength. At 0.70fm, through cracks were formed, and at 0.81fm, the specimen entered the failure stage. The damage state of the masonry was evaluated by calculating the crack density, and the final crack density was found to be 7.85 m/m2. This study provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the evaluation and protection of ancient buildings.

Digital Protection of Hakka Condoms in Longnan Based on BIM and 3DGIS

In the BIM of digital protection of ancient buildings, in addition to providing three-dimensional information, it can also directly provide two-dimensional drawings for the restoration of ancient buildings, and visualize the repair process to preserve all stages of ancient buildings. Using the existing ancient architectural cultural heritage to make “clan” library, applied to architecture, BIM destroy the ancient architectural cultural heritage can complete the digital restoration of ancient architectural cultural heritage, BIM model not only supports the acquisition of ancient architectural geometric information, but also supports the management and preservation of attribute information. The combination of BIM and GIS, on the one hand, realizes GIS from outdoor to indoor, from macro to micro, and enriches the new generation of 3DGIS technology system; on the other hand, it enriches the application of BIM in the whole building life cycle. According to the list of the seventh batch of state key cultural relics protection units, there are 4296 national key cultural relics protection units, of which 1882 are ancient buildings, with 710 monuments and monuments.

The progress in repair research of ancient timber structure

Ancient architecture carries Chinese culture, which is helpful to understand the tradition. Timber structure is the main structure of ancient Chinese buildings, and most of the ancient timber structures have been overserved and have been damaged to varying degrees. Although timber structure is made of convenient materials, its low strength and vulnerability to corrosion increase the difficulty of the protection of ancient buildings, so the restoration of ancient buildings is imminent. Through literature research, this paper summarized the repair principles and reinforcement methods, and analyzed the effective methods and research progress of the repair and reinforcement of ancient timber structures from the traditional and modern aspects, and provided reference for the repair work of ancient timber structures.

Durability to simulated bird guano of nano-filled oleo/hydrophobic coatings for the protection of stone materials

The conservation and protection of ancient buildings and art-works made of stone materials, that constitute the Cultural Heritage of each Country, are very delicate tasks involving different experts and disciplines. The most common and successful method for protecting the stone-made constructions and art-works consists in applying on their surfaces protective layers of polymers having oleo-hydrophobic character. Polymer materials themselves can undergo degradation if they interact with external agents, thus reducing their protective features. The durability of the protected stones is the subject of many investigations in the last decades, but, among the agents able to severely affect the treated stone substrates outdoor exposed, only little attention has been paid so far to the effects of bird droppings, also known as guano. This work would contribute to fill this gap, assessing the effects due to bird excreta on two kinds of stone (a very porous, Lecce stone, and a more compact, Trani stone) protected with an experimental polymer coating containing SiO2 nanoparticles in comparison with two commercial protective polymer products. Color, surface hydrophobicity, water vapor permeability, and capillary water absorption were evaluated before and after exposure to pancreatin, used to simulate bird droppings. Different behaviors were observed depending on the stone porosity and the nature of the polymer coating. Good performance was obtained using the coatings with nanoparticles.

Research on Lightweight Method of Ancient Building Information Model Based on WebGL

Aiming at the large amount of component data in the 3D dynamic display of the ancient building BIM model, which caused difficulties in information exchange during the protection of the ancient building, a lightweight method of the ancient building BIM model combining with WebGL and IFC standards was proposed. Using WebGL technology to extend the 3D visualization method of BIM models of ancient buildings, providing new technical support for the protection and research of ancient buildings. First define the JSON intermediate file, design the Revit-JSON data interface, make the model support .html and .js format, and improve the visual display method of the web side; use JavaScript to directly call the JSON interactive program of the underlying GPU to improve the web-side rendering effect of the model; Three.js framework realizes the display and interaction of 3D models of ancient buildings on the Web. Taking a typical ancient building as an example to carry out experiments, the method in this paper can reduce the storage volume by more than 70% on the basis of ensuring that the model information is complete, and has a good rendering effect in the browser. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

Application of deformation detection method based on time-varying point cloud in the protection of ancient buildings

In order to detect the deformation of ancient buildings completely, accurately and continuously, a time-varying point cloud group is established by using three-dimensional laser scanner to detect and sample ancient buildings in different time periods. By comparing and calculating time-varying point clouds, the deformation of ancient buildings can be comprehensively analysed. In order to improve the efficiency of data processing, a BSP parallel algorithm for deformation analysis based on time-varying point clouds is designed, and the processing and calculation of deformation data are completed by a computing cluster composed of several independent computing units. This method of deformation detection based on time-varying point cloud has been applied to many ancient building detection and protection projects such as Hailongdun site in Zunyi, Guizhou Province China, Huangze Temple in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province China, etc. The application results show that the deformation monitoring method based on time-varying point cloud is quicker, more economical, more accurate and less harmful to ancient buildings than the traditional method. Compared with the general point cloud deformation analysis methods, the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the deformation monitoring results are higher. It can be used as one of the best methods for deformation monitoring of ancient buildings.

Causes Analysis and Reinforcement Technology for 21st Horse Wall Cracks of Xi’an Ancient City Wall1

Xi’an ancient city wall is a national key cultural relics protection units and the most completely preserved ancient city wall building in China. In recent years, the increase of wall cracks has seriously affected the overall performance of the wall, which is in dire need of professional maintenance. Through monitoring the present situation of 21st horse wall cracks, the damage factors and failure mechanism is analyzed in detail. The reinforcement method of steel pipe cast-in-place pile and lime soil compaction pile is proposed based on the existing problems to prevent the expansion of the cracks and maximized preserve the original architecture cultural style, which has reference significance for the protection of ancient building.

Environmental Monitoring of Ancient Buildings Based on a Wireless Sensor Network.

Environmental monitoring plays an important role in the preventive protection of ancient buildings, although it is still in the prototype stage. In order to provide data support for the protection of ancient buildings, an environmental monitoring system with multi-sensor and multi-node for the interior and exterior of ancient buildings is designed and realized, based on ZigBee, TCP/IP, and intranet penetration technology. The new type of indoor node package box and outdoor package device are designed to meet the needs of different types of sensors. The monitoring platform is developed on the strength of the LabView so as to obtain real-time display, storage, and over-limit warning functions for local and remote monitoring data. It also proves that the monitoring system is stable and reliable by monitoring the actual ancient building with a brick (stone) structure.

Civil engineering heritage: country profile – England

This paper is a review of the civil engineering heritage of England, one of the series of national profiles being published by Engineering History and Heritage. It is presented under four headings: ‘England’s major civil engineering achievements’, ‘National and regional recognition of engineering heritage’, ‘Exemplar conservation of engineering structures’ and ‘Information sources for engineering heritage’. This profile discusses engineering structures of heritage importance, including the following, all built before 1900: Eddystone lighthouse; Iron Bridge, the first major structure of cast iron; Ditherington Mill in Shrewsbury, the first multistorey building using beams and columns of cast iron; Saint Katherine’s Docks by Thomas Telford; the Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel constructed under water; the Royal Albert Bridge by I. K. Brunel; the Palm House at Kew Gardens; and numerous Victorian railway stations. The profile lists organisations in England active in helping conserve its engineering heritage, including Historic England, the Panel for Historical Engineering Works, the Canal & River Trust and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, and concludes with a short list of websites and books giving further information about English civil engineering heritage.