Protection Methods Research Articles

Research on Differential Protection of Distribution Network Based on 5G Communication Technology

Abstract The application of traditional optical fiber in differential protection technology in distribution networks faces many challenges. Due to the physical characteristics and transmission limitations of optical fiber, there is a blind area for line fault isolation, which cannot meet the growing demand for access, and is not conducive to the popularization and application of differential protection in distribution networks. This paper proposes a differential protection method for distribution networks based on 5G communication technology. 5G communication technology has the characteristics of high bandwidth, low delay, high precision network timing and safety and reliability, and provides a new wireless communication method for differential protection of distribution network. The introduction of 5G communication technology can not only provide a more stable and fast data transmission channel to ensure that the differential protection system can respond quickly after receiving the fault signal, but also realize the precise monitoring of each node of the distribution network. At the same time, this paper combines network slicing technology, uplink scheduling optimization, bit error rate optimization, air retransmission optimization, transmission priority optimization and other methods to reduce the communication delay and delay jitter, improve the reliability of the method.

Analysis of Relay Coordination in Electrical Distribution Networks with Optimally Positioned Distributed Generation Units

As power demand increases and transmission and distribution capacity is limited, Distributed Generation (DG) units are gradually being incorporated into electrical power distribution networks. However, this integration may result in a significant impact on the coordination of protective relays, potentially generating issues such as blindness of protection and false tripping of overcurrent relays. To overcome these issues, an adaptive protection method is presented that adjusts relay sensitivity in response to changes in network design. The suggested technique dynamically modifies relay settings based on the line current, which fluctuates depending on the system design. Digital relays are needed for this method in order to save operational data in real time. Based on periodic observations, the Plug Multiplier Setting (PMS) and Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) parameters are optimized using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). Fuzzy rules are used by the adaptive algorithm for every relay. These rules are produced using the fuzzy editor using the inputs provided. An initial investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of DG on the coordination of relay protection., as well as the optimal placement of DG to reduce losses and improve voltage profiles, using two base distribution networks. The algorithm was further tested on various configurations of IEEE distribution networks, and its effectiveness in achieving optimal relay coordination with adaptive settings was validated through the relay coordination module in ETAP.

Diagnostics and protection methods a residential building in connection with the reconstruction of a road located in its immediate neighborhood - case study

Diagnostics and protection methods a residential building in connection with the reconstruction of a road located in its immediate neighborhood - case study

PDA-modified sol-gel coating for long-lasting corrosion protection on Al alloy 3003

Within the realm of corrosion protection methods for Al alloys, sol-gel technique has garnered increasing attention. However, conventional sol-gel methodologies cannot provide adequate long-lasting corrosion protection to Al alloys when exposed to chloride-rich solutions. This paper introduces an innovative approach to substantially augment the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys through utilization of polydopamine (PDA)-modified sol-gel films. Effort was made to fabricate a PDA-modified sol-gel coating and a systematic investigation was conducted thereof. Long-term corrosion performance of this coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that the low-frequency impedance of the PDA-modified sol-gel coating remains significantly high at 7.9 × 105 Ω·cm2, even after 36 d of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium, indicative of excellent protective properties. It notably surpasses low-frequency impedance of the unmodified coating, which registers at 2.5 × 104 Ω·cm2. The incorporation of PDA into the sol-gel coating, facilitated by adsorption and diffusion mechanisms, serves to fill micrometer- and nanometer-scale defects of the coating, thereby markedly enhancing their compactness. Furthermore, despite its modest thickness of 9 μm, the PDA-modified coating exhibits enduring corrosion protection capabilities.

Targeted recruitment of immune effector cells for rapid eradication of influenza virus infections

Despite much research, considerable data suggest that influenza virus remains a serious health problem because i) the effectiveness of current vaccines ranges only from 19% to 60%, ii) available therapies remain ineffective in advanced stages of disease, iii) death rates vary between 25,000 and 72,000/year in the United States, and iv) avian influenza strains are now being transmitted to dairy cattle that in turn are infecting humans. To address these concerns, we have developed zanDR, a bispecific small molecule that binds and inhibits viral neuraminidase expressed on both free virus and virus-infected cells and recruits naturally occurring anti-rhamnose and anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies with rhamnose and DNP haptens. Because the neuraminidase inhibition replicates the chemotherapeutic mechanism of zanamivir and oseltamivir, while rhamnose and DNP recruit endogenous antibodies much like an anti-influenza vaccine, zanDR reproduces most of the functions of current methods of protection against influenza virus infections. Importantly, studies on cells in culture demonstrate that both of the above protective mechanisms remain highly functional in the zanDR conjugate, while studies in lethally infected mice with advanced-stage disease establish that a single intranasal dose of zanDR not only yields 100% protection but also reduces lung viral loads faster and ~1,000× more thoroughly than current antiviral therapies. Since zanDR also lowers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and protects against virus-induced damage to the lungs better than current therapies, we suggest that combining an immunotherapy with a chemotherapy in single pharmacological agent constitutes a promising approach for treating the more challenging forms of influenza.

Assessing the Recreational Fishers and their Catches based on Social Media Platforms: Privacy and Ethical Data Analysis Considerations

Social Media (SM) can offer insights to track recreational Fishing (Rf); Many Limitations Hinder Its Practical Application. The proportion and characteristics of RFs that share their catches remain unidentified. The objective was to enhance the surveillance abilities of RF by utilizing SM information. This study focuses on the sharing economy information transmission, network optimization of SM platforms, and privacy protection issues during data transmission. The study starts with the data transmission characteristics in SM platforms, analyzes the data ethics in SM information transmission from the perspectives of natural and economic data attributes, and then focuses on the privacy protection principles in network information transmission. Then, a privacy protection scheme based on a locally sensitive hash algorithm is constructed, and finally, an information transmission scheme and method optimization based on a network optimization module are proposed. The research gathered data using physical (face-to-face) surveys and digital (email) surveys to define marine RF that post catches on online platforms (“sharers”), together with additional demographic and fishing data. A comparative analysis was conducted on the computational convergence and accuracy of different privacy protection methods, and the optimal rule framework for data privacy protection was discussed. The observation results show that the efficiency of information transmission using the Minhash-SSNR method is slightly inferior to that using the OSNR-SSNR method. Minhash technology is based on a similarity comparison of dimensionality-reduced data. This leads to data causing the initially highly similar two sets of lists to be misjudged as not having enough similarity, thereby reducing some potential information dissemination opportunities and affecting the efficacy of information transmission. It can be seen that the Minhash-SSNR strategy can effectively send information to nodes with high similarity, preventing excessive information duplication within the system. Although the Minhash-SSNR strategy has a certain degree of decline in information transmission efficiency, it accounts for only about 5% compared to the OSNR-SSNR strategy, ensuring the essential operational stability of SM opportunity networks without significant impact. With few learning and training times, the network information transmission optimization module proposed in this study quickly achieved a lower exponential error. As the number of training sessions gradually increases, the exponential error of the network information transmission optimization module in this study is small, and the prediction accuracy of the method is high. RFs who captured a prize, iconic, or symbolic species tended to discuss their catches more. This research signifies significant progress in incorporating SM information to oversee RFs.

Effect of Trichoderma harzianum in the Protection of Wheat Grains from Infestation with Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab) During the Store

Abstract: Currently, the economic losses generated by the attack of pests on the storages constitute a severe problem. Conventional grain protection methods based on the application of chemical pesticides to control these undesirable insects have also formed to represent an annoyance since the excessive usage of these compounds is linked to contamination problems and serious harm to consumers' health. This research aims to possibility of creating a means to protect the grain stores from infestation with Rhyzopertha dominica through testing for the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum with three concentrations (7x104, 7x106, 7x108 and spores /ml) in the protection of grains in jute sacks from infection by this pest after three months of storage period and the effect of T. harzianumon . The results showed that the high efficiency of T. harzianumon in protecting the grain stores from infestation by these insect sacks was measured when treated in the bags with the highest concentration of 7x108 spores/ml of fungi, and the total weight loss was 2.0269. while the control treatment gave 6.4012-gram weight losses. also shows the total weight loss was 4.054 when the grains were treated with the highest concentration of 7x108 spores/ml of fungus. in contrast to 8.0629-gram weight decreases with the control treatment. and treated the bags and grains with 7x108 spores/ml of fungi, the total percentage of weight losses was 1.7033 after three months from storage. while the control treatment gave 11.475 grams of weight loss.

CLASSIFYING CYBERCRIME NETWORKS: ORGANIZED AND TRANSNATIONAL SCHEMES IN THE DIGITAL ERA

The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify the main schemes of organized and transnational cybercriminal activity, as well as to identify the methods and technologies used by cybercriminals to carry out criminal activities in the digital space. The article explores current trends in cybercrime, such as the rise in financial fraud, ransomware attacks, phishing, and DDoS attacks. The study shows that the use of the latest technologies, particularly cryptocurrencies and the Internet of Things (IoT), significantly complicates the detection and prosecution of cyber criminals, necessitating the constant improvement of legal and technical tools to combat cybercrime. Key findings indicate that the transnational nature of cybercrime often makes it difficult to prosecute criminals across jurisdictions, requiring greater international coordination. It was also found that cybercriminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to conceal their activities, incorporating modern technological solutions into criminal schemes. This underscores the need for continuous monitoring of new threats and the updating of protection methods for both organizations and individual users. The main conclusions of the study emphasize the importance of global cooperation in the fight against cybercrime, the need to enhance technological protection, and the development of legal mechanisms to counter modern cyber threats.

Methods of protecting uav radio channels against unauthorized Access

The adoption and widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is constantly increasing in many areas. This is due to the ability of drones to record and relay real-time video and images along with the ability to fly and carry cargo. However, when using drones, a number of problems arise, because outsiders can gain access to information transmission channels to meet their own needs. Information attacks on UAVs lead to significant consequences, including commercial and non-commercial losses. The purpose of this work is to study UAVs and their vulnerability and protection during flight. To achieve the goal, the methods of searching scientific and technical literature, analysis, classification, systematization and generalization of available data on UAVs were used. On the basis of the found key industry publications, a comprehensive analysis of methods of protecting UAV radio channels against hacker attacks was carried out. The interception process is described as one of the options for UAV access threats, namely: signal interception, control interception, physical interception. The following methods of UAV radio channel protection are substantiated: signal encryption; use of spectral methods; authentication and authorization; use of physical barriers; creation of unique software for UAVs; Closing all radio communication channels on the UAV itself; returning it using a recorded route. The actual scientific and practical task, which consists in the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the approaches and principles of UAV radio channel protection in real time, has been solved. The variant of the mutual position in space of the UAV, the control panel (PU) and the radio electronic suppression station is presented, as well as the method of decentralized wireless interaction of these components. Prospects and advantages of using artificial intelligence are revealed.

Protection and Heat Insulation Performance Comparison using Insulation Formwork in Winter

Concrete pouring in winter is critical to both concrete manufacturers and end users owing to the possibility of concrete damage due to cold weather. In this context, various methods have been used to prevent frost damage to concrete in winter, including adjusting the concrete mix using a chemical admixture and heat-curing with tents. Of these methods, the insulated-gang-form approach does not require concrete-mix adjustment via a chemical-admixture addition. Furthermore, its positive effect on the initial quality of concrete during concrete construction in winter has previously been confirmed. In this study, the power consumption of the conventional gang form was compared with that of the insulated gang form to evaluate the efficiency of the two protection methods. A thermal vision camera was used to examine the surface heat loss of the gang forms after concrete pouring. The insulated gang form significantly outperformed the conventional one through its significantly reduced power consumption and reduced surface heat loss. These findings can contribute to the standardization of insulated gang form application to concrete protection in cold-weather conditions.

Potent and selective ‘genetic zipper’ method for DNA-programmable plant protection: innovative oligonucleotide insecticides against Trioza alacris Flor

Chemical insecticides increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems posing environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, including eco-friendly ‘genetic zipper’ method (or CUAD platform) based on contact oligonucleotide insecticides. Oligonucleotide insecticides have enjoyed success recently on many sternorrhynchans showing highly adaptable structure for distinct insect pest species and selective mode of action. In this article, we describe the efficiency of the oligonucleotide insecticides (briefly, olinscides or DNA insecticides) Alacris-11 and Laura-11, as well as their combined use in mixture (1:1), designed for control of bay sucker (Trioza alacris Flor), an important psyllid pest of noble laurel (Laurus nobilis L.). These olinscides are based on short unmodified antisense DNA oligonucleotides that target ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and 28S rRNA in pre-rRNA (Laura-11) and 28S rRNA region in mature 28S rRNA and pre-rRNA (Alacris-11). The maximum pest mortality, observed on the 14th day of the experiment, comprised 95.01 ± 4.42% for Alacris-11, 97.16 ± 2.48% for Laura-11, and 98.72 ± 1.14% for their mixture (1:1). The control oligonucleotide CTGA-11 did not cause any significant mortality (9.38 ± 0.57%), emphasizing selectivity in the action of oligonucleotide insecticides. The results show potent and specific nature of oligonucleotide insecticides for pest control and open up new frontiers in control of economically important psyllids in agriculture and forestry, including Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) and many others. Scientists can easily adopt ‘genetic zipper’ method for plethora of insect pests because DNA is a programmable molecule and provides game-changing characteristics for plant protection.Graphical

Распознавание фишинговых ссылок с использованием методов машинного обучения

In recent years, phishing has become one of the most widespread and dangerous cyber threats. These attacks aim to obtain users' confidential information, such as passwords and credit card details, through deceptive messages or websites, making the issue of protection against them more relevant than ever. Traditional methods of phishing protection, such as blacklists and heuristic analysis, can no longer keep up with the evolving pace of phishing attacks. Therefore, there is a need to develop more advanced and intelligent methods, among which machine learning (ML) techniques play a significant role. This article discusses various ML methods used for automatic detection of phishing URLs. The study presents the main approaches, model architectures, advantages and disadvantages of each method, and provides a comparative analysis of their effectiveness on real data.

IDENTIFYING CYBERTHREATS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA RESEARCH

The work provides an overview of the main methods of social network analysis used to identify cyber threats. The main types of threats in social networks are indicated and some protection methods for their prevention are described. Typical tasks of social network analysis aimed at detecting cyber threats are, for example, identifying online communities, identifying leaders and experts in communities, analyzing the stability of communities, clustering textual information, etc. With increasing digitization and active use of social networks as a means of communication, the importance of effective monitoring and data analysis to ensure cyber security is becoming more and more relevant. Complexities and challenges associated with processing large amounts of data in social networks are also analyzed, including privacy issues and ethical aspects of user data control. The study provides a holistic view of the use of social media as a tool to proactively identify and prevent cyberthreats, highlighting the importance of integrating analytical systems into the overall cybersecurity framework of organizations and individuals. The study provides a holistic view of the use of social media as a tool for proactive detection and prevention of cyber threats, highlighting the importance of integrating analytical systems into the overall cybersecurity posture of organizations and individuals, while emphasizing the need to improve machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques for deeper and more accurate analysis of user behavior and community dynamics, which can contribute to more effective prevention and neutralization of threats in the digital environment.

Approaches towards legal protection for holy places: The example of the Alexander Nevsky Church in the Old City of Jerusalem

Abstract Given the varying degrees of importance that a holy place holds for different parties and the variety of laws used to regulate them, laws pertaining to holy places integrate a broad array of legal, political, social, religious, and economic interests. Acknowledging the difficulty of capturing a singular standard of protection merits examining different existing modalities to discern the means of protection for holy places. A 2022 Israeli District Court case concerning ownership rights over a Russian Orthodox church in the Old City of Jerusalem shall provide the platform for scrutinizing the relevant laws and variety of interests at play for holy places in Israel, providing insights into the importance of accounting for divergent interests in the cultural heritage protection milieu. This article shall highlight the approaches used towards holy place protection in a difficult and complex context, Israel, to better understand heritage protection methods for unique or significant cultural sites in other regions.

Novel Approach to Protect Red Revolutionary Heritage Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Image-Processing Technology

The red revolutionary heritage is a valuable part of China’s historical and cultural legacy, with the potential to generate economic benefits through its thoughtful development. However, challenges such as insufficient understanding, lack of comprehensive planning and layout, and limited protection and utilization methods hinder the full realization of the political, cultural, and economic value of red heritage. To address these problems, this paper thoroughly examines the current state of red revolutionary heritage protection and identifies the problems within the preservation process. Moreover, it proposes leveraging advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology to repair some damaged image data. Specifically, this paper introduces a red revolutionary cultural relic image-restoration model based on a generative adversarial network (GAN). This model was trained using samples of damaged image and utilizes high-quality models to restore these images effectively. The study also integrates real-world revolutionary heritage images for practical application and assesses its effectiveness through questionnaire surveys. The survey results show that AI algorithms and image-processing technologies hold significant potential in the protection of revolutionary heritage.

Uncommon presentation of acute type A aortic dissection: sleeve-severed and everted proximal right coronary artery intima without myocardial ischaemia

BackgroundType A aortic dissection (TAAD) with coronary involvement is rare but potentially fatal. Proper myocardial protection during surgery is essential.Case presentationHere, we describe a 52-year-old woman who presented with sudden chest pain. CT angiography revealed TAAD with right coronary artery involvement. During surgery, the proximal intima of the right coronary artery was found to be completely severed and everted. Conventional myocardial perfusion methods were inadequate. A patented perfusion tip for coronary artery orifice perfusion was used, resulting in favourable surgical outcomes. The patient was discharged without complications.ConclusionsThis case emphasizes the need for careful preoperative assessment of coronary involvement in TAAD patients. The myocardial protection method used here is very helpful and can be applied effectively in similar cases encountered by surgeons.

Multi-Target and Multi-Phase Adjunctive Cerebral Protection for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Reperfusion Era.

Stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability in some countries, predominantly attributed to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are widely acknowledged as effective treatments for AIS, boasting a high recanalization rate, there is a significant discrepancy between the success of revascularization and the mediocre clinical outcomes observed among patients with AIS. It is now increasingly understood that the implementation of effective cerebral protection strategies, serving as adjunctive treatments to reperfusion, can potentially improve the outcomes of AIS patients following recanalization therapy. Herein, we reviewed several promising cerebral protective methods that have the potential to slow down infarct growth and protect ischemic penumbra. We dissect the underlying reasons for the mismatch between high recanalization rates and moderate prognosis and introduce a novel concept of "multi-target and multi-phase adjunctive cerebral protection" to guide our search for neuroprotective agents that can be administered alongside recanalization therapy.

Study on the protection of Mongolian Chor music as cultural heritage in Northern China

The Mongolians in northern China have a vast distribution and a long history. Chor music is the cultural heritage of Mongolian in the north. After the rise of "Intangible Cultural Heritage upsurge" in the 21st century, scholars and folk artists rose to protect it and there were successively studies on Chor music theory, Chor music form and Chor historical evolution. However, scholars only focus on the research on the origin, classification, evolution and protection of Chor music, while the research on the relationship between Chor music and modern culture, summarizing that Chor music can be widely spread and recognized in modern society is lacking. This study mainly adopts qualitative methods in empirical research with literature research, field investigation and interview etc. to discusses the modern forms of Chor music, analyze the adaptation techniques in modern Chor works and identifies the musical elements recognized by the public. Therefore, we draw the conclusion of four-dimensional protection methods which includes preservation, innovation, crossover and communication.

High-Throughput Screening System Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Extracts and Their Fractions against Mosquito Vectors.

Infectious diseases that cause illness and/or death in humans can be contracted from mosquito bites. A viable and alternate method of personal protection that can lower the danger of human exposure to mosquito-borne diseases is the use of plant-based repellents. Using a high-throughput screening system, the current work examined the toxicity, contact irritancy, and spatial repellency of Andrographis paniculata crude extract and its fractions against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles minimus, and An. dirus. Five fractions (i.e., F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5) were separated from the crude extract by column and thin layer chromatography and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major active compounds identified from F3 and F5 were 4-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and andrographolide. Three concentrations (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0%) for each of the crude extracts and the five fractions were individually impregnated on nylon netting strips and evaluated against the three mosquito species. Results showed that the highest contact irritancy was elicited by the crude extract at 5% concentration against Ae. aegypti (43.70% escaped). Results of the spatial activity index (SAI) showed that fractions F3 and F5 at 2.5% demonstrated the strongest repellency against Ae. aegypti (SAI = 0.84) and An. minimus (SAI = 0.83), respectively. Both the crude extract and its components did not cause any knockdown or mortality. These findings suggest that fractionation of A. paniculata extracts is valuable in assessing their spatial repellent efficacy against mosquitoes. Fractions F3 and F5 hold promise as natural mosquito repellents and could contribute to developing effective mosquito control strategies.

Explore Wen Zhenheng's Painting and Calligraphy Protection Concept and Strategy in Zhangwu Zhi

Zhangwu Zhi, written by Wen Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty, is a monograph on the appreciation and protection of antiquities, which contains a wealth of ideas and strategies for the protection of calligraphy and painting. This paper aims to explore the concept and strategy of painting and calligraphy protection proposed by Wen Zhenheng in Zhangwu Zhi, and analyze its inspiration and reference to contemporary painting and calligraphy protection. Through the in-depth study of Zhangwu Zhi, this paper analyzes Wen Zhenheng's views and measures on the protection of calligraphy and painting, and discusses the storage environment, light regulation, air pollution control and pest control of calligraphy and painting collections. And put forward to establish a good storage environment, reasonable control of temperature and humidity, do a good job in the warehouse heat insulation, moisture-proof and ventilation management of calligraphy and painting protection strategies. These strategies had a profound impact on the preservation of calligraphy and painting at that time and later. Although Wen Zhenheng's ideas and strategies for the protection of calligraphy and painting still have certain limitations in the contemporary era, the protection measures and methods proposed by Wen Zhenheng still have inspiration and reference significance for the protection of contemporary calligraphy and painting. Through in-depth study and understanding of Wen Zhenheng's painting and calligraphy protection concept and strategy, we can better protect and manage the painting and calligraphy collection to ensure its safe inheritance and long-term preservation.