Protection In Nigeria Research Articles

Integrated Reporting and Protection of Non-Financial Stakeholders in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks

Disclosure quality has been the motivation behind every corporate reporting evolution and recently integrated reporting (IR). However, the concern is its focus and coverage. Studies have shown that IR gives more protection to financial capital providers than to other stakeholders. Thus, this study examined the impact of IR on non-financial stakeholder (employee, customer, and society) protection in Nigeria with focus on Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). This study sampled and analyzed 13 DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) as at 31 December 2020. The study found that IR had a significant difference in pre- and post-IR Framework eras and a significant effect on employee, customer, and society protection. The study concluded that IR affected protection of non-financial stakeholders in Nigerian DMBs. It was recommended that regulators, corporate leaders, and researchers should pay more attention to and treat the non-financial stakeholders as capitals, rather than a means to corporate performance.

Improving environmental protection in Nigeria: a reassessment of the role of informal institutions

The success of an approach or strategy for the implementation of legal instruments in one country does not imply that the same approach or strategy would be successful when replicated in another country because there is no ‘one-size-fits-all approach’ to policy implementation. The rationale for the above assertion is that institutions play a major role in the success of any policy. Undoubtedly, institutional approach provides a solid foundation to explore the interplay between formulation of policies and their effective implementation. Therefore, for an environmental policy to be successfully implemented, the institutional peculiarity of the country must be considered. This article explores the role of informal institutions (embedded institutions) in policy implementation focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa with specific focus on Nigeria. It provides theoretical basis for an informal institutional approach in environmental policy implementation. This article suggests that the institutional approach can be extended to environmental protection and management through informal institutions.
 Keywords: Environment; Institutions; Informal institutions; Indigenous knowledge; Taboos; Environmental protection

Institutional corruption as the bane of critical infrastructure protection in Nigeria

Against a background of contemporary security challenges such as terrorism, violent extremism, insurgency, armed banditry, and separatist movements across the country, the study attempts to examine critical infrastructure protection. With the aid of largely secondary data, the study finds that there is an inextricable link between CIP and institutional corruption in Nigeria. Institutional corruption has been a major factor inhibiting effective critical infrastructure protection in Nigeria. This is because funds meant for the strengthening of operational effectiveness of the agencies are often diverted to other expenditure that does not have an effect on the operational strength of the agencies, thereby undermining their capacity to deliver on their mandates and increasing the vulnerability of the infrastructures to vandalism. The study recommends the adoption of a whole-of-society approach to CIP in Nigeria, because of its ability to block leakages and ensure transparency in the business of government as well as encouraging all stakeholders, the state, private, CSOs, the media, traditional institutions and all others involved, to share responsibilities in the protection of infrastructures as part of their concerns.

Challenges to the Implementation and Enforcement of Data Protection in Nigeria

The formation of laws that contain the order of social, national and state life is part of the public decision-making process. Public decisions in the form of this law will be binding and apply to all people in a country. Its formation must provide a public space for the wider community to participate in the process of its formation. Pancasila as the root of the legal ideals of the Indonesian nation has the consequence that in the dynamics of the life of the nation and state, as a view of life adopted will provide coherence and direction (direction) to thoughts and actions. Reform of national law is directed at realizing laws based on the will of the people (democratic), then laws which are part of the national legal system in the process of their formation must reflect democratic values which are characterized by actively and comprehensively involving all levels of society in order to participate. inside it. Keywords : Formation of Laws, Renewal of National Laws and the Era of Democracy DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/121-07 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Data Privacy Rights and Bankers’ Business Interests in Nigeria: Reflections on Opportunities, Challenges and Legal Reforms

Data (Personal Information), the oil of the digital age, has taken the centre stage due to increasing use of technology in almost all human endeavours. This is not unconnected to the large scale unlawful usage of people’s data by cyber criminals. This is particularly the situation in banking sector. Yet, Nigeria seems to be lagging behind in its efforts to protect this right through effective legislative framework to protect individual information from unlawful and unauthorised possession or use. Nonetheless, efforts are on top gear at the global level to stem this ugly tide. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the Data Protection challenges in the Nigerian banking sector with critical analysis of the current legal framework for the protection of personal information in the Nigerian banking sector. Using doctrinal methods where primary and secondary sources of legal materials were subjected to content analysis, the study found that legal architecture on data protection in Nigeria is weak and ineffective in stemming the tide of the challenges posed by data challenges. It was also concluded that effective legal framework on data protection is necessary for the enjoyment of the opportunities of this digital age. The study thus recommended that there should be effective data protection legislation in Nigeria particularly in the banking sector that would protect data privacy as well as the legitimate business interests of bankers.

An Evaluation of the Challenges of Mainstreaming Cybersecurity Laws and Privacy Protection in Nigeria

The goal of this study is to discuss cybercrimes and review cybersecurity threats, with a focus on cybersecurity legislations in Nigeria that seek to protect the privacy and digital property of the Nigerian people and the country’s institutions. The study’s methodology includes a qualitative examination of Nigeria's present national cybersecurity laws. It explores how effective they are and interrogates the additional measures that may be needed-notably in cybersecurity and related national laws-to ensure that individuals, institutions are protected and that society and the national economy function well in the 21st Century. Individuals have a right to privacy, so do companies and various other institutions in post- modern societies. This right varies widely across different countries across the globe. In some countries it is minimal or non-existent, in others it is hard fought for constitutional right. In order to reap the benefits of advanced technologies in the information age, personal and institutional data have to be made available to merchants, institutions and government. The benefits of advanced technologies are immense-and vital to modern economies. However, this process involves risks. Abuse of the data is a risk, and criminal abuse has become widespread.

What I Ordered vs What I Got: Beyond the Jokes & Memes to Assessing Consumer Protection in Nigeria

What I Ordered vs What I Got: Beyond the Jokes & Memes to Assessing Consumer Protection in Nigeria

Effective Data Protection in Nigeria: Challenges

The importance of protecting data and privacy cannot be overemphasized in this day of technological and digital breakthroughs. Nigeria, a developing nation, is prone to suffering from the shortcomings of conventional methods of data protection as well as from the cost of insufficient legislation to secure the data or the privacy of the data users. This has brought up a number of issues, including the applicability and responsiveness of current laws and how it tends to handle or manage violations. It is imperative to address these issues and challenges faced by data and privacy protection in Nigeria, given the complexity of the emerging data technology and the privacy challenges posed by the use and retention of data. The paper identified the lack of a comprehensive data protection legislation as well as their non-enforcement as the main barrier to effective data protection in the country. In order to solve some of the issues affecting effective data privacy in Nigeria, this paper proffers cogent and practical recommendations.

The Legal Framework for Data Protection in Nigeria

The Legal Framework for Data Protection in Nigeria

Label information, nutritional composition and screening for bromate in breads sold in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Non-use of potassium bromate in bread making and printing of reproducible nutrition information/claims on bread labels are vital for consumers’ rights and protection in Nigeria. These norms are rarely observed by bread makers in Umuahia. This study evaluated nutrition information on labels, presence of potassium bromate, chemical composition and sensory characteristics of breads sold in Umuahia. Two structured questionnaires were constructed. The first was administered to 15 randomly selected full-time bread vendors in Umuahia metropolis to identify brands of market bread. The second was designed to analyze sensory quality of breads. Five sliced and five unsliced bread samples randomly selected from identified markets were analyzed for sensory properties using a 20-member sensory panelist, and for nutrient and phytochemical composition. Twenty-seven bread samples were identified; all labeled bromate-free, had varying recipes and nutrient claim/information on labels. The bread samples were bromate-free, high in carbohydrate (49.20% in B10 to 65.69% in B8) and moisture (22.67% in B8 to 38.16% in B10), but relatively low in crude protein (6.65% in B3 to 9.45% in B7) and fat (0.26% in B8 to 0.66% in B1). Ash contents ranged from 1.26% in B6 to 1.86% in B3and fiber contents from 1.24% in B2 to 1.76% in B5. Phytonutrients were low; and oxalate content ranged from 0.66 to 0.95%, tannin from 87.78 to 125.40 mg 100g–1 and phytate from 2.02 to 3.03 mg 100g–1. The bread samples had sensory scores ranging from 4.60 to 8.10 for over-all acceptability. They were all acceptable to panelists, but with B1 (sliced) and B8 (unsliced) most acceptable. Bread samples sold in Umuahia were bromate-free, varied in recipe, nutrition claims, and nutrient composition but were acceptable to panelists.

How (Not) to Regulate Data Processing: Assessing Nigeria’s Data Protection Regulation 2019 (NDPR)

Data protection has become a key policy issue in Nigeria and for many years, law and policymakers have proposed to regulate data processing without success. The Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR) was issued by the National Information Technology Development Agency (the NITDA) in 2019 ostensibly to fill this regulatory void. While the NDPR has generated more awareness of data protection among stakeholders, this article argues that it is unlikely to change the regulatory landscape for data protection in Nigeria. This is firstly because the NDPR misapprehends key concepts and principles of data protection, thus creating interpretative and compliance problems, and secondly, because its enforcement mechanisms are deficient when measured against best practices in the regulation of data processing. The article demonstrates that in spite of the fact that the NDPR models the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and emulates most of its aspects, it has significant limitations in terms of effectiveness and enforcement. It proposes that in order for Nigeria to truly join the global data protection regime, a new data protection law must not only address the challenges identified in the NDPR but must also incorporate emerging best practices in data protection. Nigeria, NDPR, GDPR, Data Protection, Data Processing

Challenges of State Institutions in Environmental Protection: A Case of Taraba State, Nigeria

This study examined the challenges of state institutions in environmental protection in Nigeria using the case of Taraba state. The institution theory was used as a theoretical framework for the study. The study adopted a descriptive design method using desktop review of secondary materials. Content analysis was used in analyzing the data. The findings of the study revealed that some of the challenges of the state environmental protection institutions include lack of political will, inadequate funding, inadequate qualified personnel, inadequate environmental protection infrastructures, poor condition of environmental protection laboratory, lack of office buildings for staff and poor capacity development. The study also revealed that since the creation of the Ministry of Environment in year 2000 in Taraba state, it is only in 2001, 2013 and 2014 that the ministry received up to 4% of the budgetary allocation of the state. The myriad of challenges have greatly constrained the capacity of the state institution to effectively achieve its mandate of environmental protection. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need for more political commitment to the issues of environmental protection through increased funding, employment of qualified personnel, establishment of environmental protection laboratories and increased capacity development. Environmental protection, institutional framework, Ministry of environment, State Institution and Taraba state.

Analysis of Regulative Systems for Heritage Protection in Nigeria

Rapid population growth in Nigeria means that the contestation for land, housing and infrastructure will intensify with serious implications for heritage protection. The federal government is currently implementing its economic recovery and growth plan (ERGP) with the aim of reducing poverty and inequality through job creation and restoring economic growth in a more diversified and competitive economy. The ERGP prioritizes tourism and the creative industries but is mainly silent about heritage protection. The problem is that the focus on economic benefits and yields from non-material and propagative aspects of culture obscures the critical issues that are affecting the regulative systems for heritage protection. This article therefore presents a detailed analysis of the nature and scope of these regulative systems in Nigeria with a view to determining the extent of their efficacy and impacts and it further makes recommendations on the way forward.

Who Can Litigate on Data Protection in Nigeria

In recent times, I have had a number of stimulating on and offline conversations with privacy professionals and enthusiasts on the reasons for the dearth of data protection laws and materials in Nigeria and possible solutions.

An Overview of the Legal Measures for Promotion and Protection of Investments in Nigeria

The promotion and protection of investors have over the years suffered policy and developmental drive. The Nigerian system is characterized by inconsistent policies of the governments in investments growth. The country has a high desire for economic development. This article begins with an introduction, followed by the historical development of investors’ protection in Nigeria, the agencies created for the investment protection such as Nigerian Investment and Promotion Commission (NIPC) and Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (IPPA), the factors that militate against investment growth in Nigeria, the legal methods by which investment disputes could be settled and concludes that if the recommendations proposed in this article would be adopted apparently, Nigeria will become one of the world’s greatest economy.

Privatisation, prepaid metering and electricity billing scam of Enugu electricity distribution company (EEDC) in Enugu metropolis of Nigeria

This study underscores the contexts and crisis of privatisation in Nigeria's power sector to apprehend the level of prepaid meters distribution to consumers, the conflicting billing methods adopted and its impact on both the electricity consumers and revenue generation stream of the Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC). The descriptive survey method and correlation design were used, with sample drawn from Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. The results reveal that the introduction of prepaid metering and billing system did not improve electricity power distribution to consumers. There are still huge metering gaps in prepaid meter distribution to consumers resulting in distorted/partial implementation of both prepaid and estimated billing systems at the same time. This leads to imposition of non‐cost reflective tariffs on electricity consumers. It undermines efficiency, encourage corruption, meter scam by EEDC workers and low revenue generation for EEDC. The Nigeria Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) should use taskforce to strictly monitor the distribution of prepared meter in Enugu metropolis by the Discos and promptly sanction the EEDC for infractions, to guarantee adequate electricity consumers protection in Nigeria.

Data Protection in Nigeria: A Review of the Nigerian Data Protection Regulation 2019 and the Need for Nigeria to Sign the African Convention on Data Protection

The fact that the world is slowly becoming a digital community is no longer news. There has been an evolution from the traditional methods of operation to the digitized system and in a digital space, the most priced element in Data. The exceeding value of data in today's world cannot be overemphasized. The right to data privacy and protection is an internationally guaranteed right, which enjoys protection universally. Hence, governments around the world have implemented laws that would safeguard the rights of citizens and protect their privacy. Nigeria is not left out of this global development as there are enacted laws on Cyber-crimes, data privacy, and data protection. This paper seeks to examine the current position of data protection in Nigeria by reviewing the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation 2019, the General Data Protection Regulation ('GDPR'), and give reasons why Nigeria should be a signatory to the AU Convention on Data Protection and Security, Malabo Convention 2018.

The challenges of anti-competitive practices and consumer protection in Nigeria

This article critically examines the concepts and the challenges of price mechanisms, anti-competitive practices and consumer protection in Nigeria, and considers ways of promoting and protecting the interests of consumers in respect of products and services. The article evaluates and defines the concept of price mechanisms, and the concept of the consumer who needs to be protected. It discusses anticompetitive practices, such as monopolies, mergers and acquisitions, and restrictive trade practices, resale price maintenance agreements, misleading advertising, false sales and market values. It considers the protection of consumers and the legal frameworks applicable to the subject. In conclusion, the article recommends appropriate measures and a proactive, pragmatic approach to tackling the menace of false market sales and restrictive trade practices by calling on stakeholders and the government to regulate monopolies, mergers and uncompetitive business practices which are detrimental to the interests of the consumer. It calls for controls and restrictions on unfair trade practices and appropriate sanctions so that those who persistently prejudice consumers in this way are brought to book.

The Legal Measures for Promotion and Protection of Investments in Nigeria

The promotion and protection of investors have over the years suffered policy and developmental drive. The Nigerian system is characterized by inconsistent policies of governments in investments growth. The country has a high desire for economic development. This article begins with an introduction, followed by the historical development of investors’ protection in Nigeria, the agencies created for investment protection, such as the Nigerian Investment and Promotion Commission (NIPC) and the Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (IPPA), the factors that militate against investment growth in Nigeria, the legal methods by which investment disputes could be settled and concludes that if the recommendations given in this article are implemented, that Nigeria shall become one of the greatest economies in the World. Investment protection, investment growth, Nigeria, foreign investment, litigation, arbitration

Beyond Torts to Environmental Right: A need for Institutional and Judicial Reforms for Environmental Protection in Nigeria

Beyond Torts to Environmental Right: A need for Institutional and Judicial Reforms for Environmental Protection in Nigeria