Foundation For Protection Research Articles

Estimating Fisheries Reference Points for Five Data‐Limited Fish Stocks in Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh

ABSTRACTThe Kaptai reservoir is one of the important fisheries hubs in Bangladesh for its significant role in the national economy and socio‐economic sector. However, easy accessibility to the reservoir along with other human‐driven disturbances are pushing the stocks at risk. The sustainable fishery management depends on estimating a stock's total allowable catch (TAC), therefore, a recently developed Monte Carlo method (CMSY) was used for five data‐limited stocks (catfish, Sperata aor; snakehead, Channa marulius; carp, Labeo rohita; cichlids, Oreochromis mossambicus and featherback, Notopterus notopterus) to estimate their fishery reference points using their catch, resilience and exploitation record at the first and last catch of the year. A Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer surplus production model (BSM) was also used to compare and justify the output of the CMSY. CMSY estimated the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to be 378, 110, 74.5, 432 and 99 mt for S. aor, C. marulius, L. rohita, O. mossambicus and N. notopterus, respectively. The result suggests that C. marulius, L. rohita and O. mossambicus fisheries were rebuilding naturally and at underfishing and underfished state according to the values of F/FMSY and B/BMSY as per BSM (value < 1). Value of BMSY greater than present biomass estimated by BSM for L. rohita and O. mossambicus predicts that the stock's overexploitation state seeking serious attention. Although the S. aor fishery seemed to be sustainable and had the potential to produce more, F/FMSY and B/BMSY values close to 1 recommend strict management actions for further sustainability. However, F/FMSY 1.31 for N. notopterus reveals that the stock depleted remarkably making this fishery unsustainable. The study reveals that Kaptai reservoir fisheries require intensive care to maintain sustainable resources. Strict implication of allowable catch limit, mesh size regulation, maintaining water quality, and protection of breeding and nursery ground is highly recommended.

Design Requirements for the Device for Differentiating Pathological States of Biological Tissues

The appearance of the device for mini-gamma-quantum differentiation of biological tissues, the arrangement of units (research unit and control unit), units (cassette holder, electronic units, etc.) and individual parts (cassette, etc.), as well as control panels (front and rear) have ergonomic indicators that ensure convenience use (preparation for operation – ease of installation of the device on the table, connection to the electrical network and grounding, loading/unloading of biological tissue samples into/from the cassette, etc.); ease of use (ease of working with the control panel and the cassette with the cassette holder); the convenience of preventive maintenance work (cassette disinfection, etc.). The control unit and the research unit are located in different housings of the device: a) control unit – in a high-strength plastic case; b) research unit – in a stainless steel metal case. A measuring device in the form of a scintillation detector is located in the metal case of the research unit, consisting of: a case, a scintillator (crystal, plastic, liquid), a photoelectric multiplier, a power cell, a source of ionizing low-energy gamma radiation in a special protective case that ensures compliance with sanitary requirements and radiation safety standards, and a cassette for biological tissue to be examined (a sample of biological tissue is placed in the biopsies section of the cassette), which is installed in the cassette holder. The design of the cassette holder includes a knife for cutting excess biopsies. The cassette holder is firmly fixed in the housing of the device's research unit. The control unit houses power elements, a microprocessor controller for processing information and maintaining a database, providing communication with peripheral electronic devices. The front panel of the device houses the information monitor and control points. On the back panel there is a device on/off switch, a fuse and places for connecting additional devices. The device has the possibility of applying protective grounding.

Study on the Characteristics of Turn-to-Turn Short Circuit Faults in the Primary Windings of the Generator Terminal Voltage Transformer

Turn-to-turn short circuit faults in the primary winding of generator terminal voltage transformers can lead to erroneous operation of stator grounding protection systems. This paper analyzes the fault characteristics associated with such failures and derives formulas for the fault phase current and zero-sequence voltage during a turn-to-turn short circuit in the primary winding. A 3D finite element model of the generator terminal voltage transformer is established by using Altair Flux 3D, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Based on this model, simulation tests were conducted to investigate turn-to-turn short circuits in the primary winding. The results reveal that as the number of shorted turns increases, the voltage of the fault phase decreases continuously while the voltages of the other two phases increase. The current in the short-circuited phase rises significantly, accompanied by an increase in zero-sequence voltage. Visualizations of magnetic field parameters indicate that as the number of shorted turns increases, the magnetic induction magnitude of the fault phase rises steadily and approaches saturation, resulting in heightened magnetic field intensity near the shorted turns. This analysis of fault characteristics through simulation contributes to the advancement of fault diagnosis systems for generator terminal voltage transformers.

Challenges of Direct Discrimination in Algorithmic Recruitment: Insuperable or Not?*

Although the EU prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination under non-discrimination law theoretically applies to algorithmic recruitment, doubts exist about whether the prohibition can tackle algorithmic recruitment discrimination in practical terms. This article examines two significant obstacles to dealing with direct discrimination identified in prior research: ambiguity in determining whether proxy discrimination constitutes direct discrimination, and the incapacity of job applicants to meet the burden of proof. First, the analysis of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case law suggests that the inextricable link doctrine could apply to proxies used by algorithmic recruitment systems, assuming that the proxies are comprehensible and detectable. In cases in which the proxies remain unintelligible or invisible, it might still be possible to show that the protected ground determined the decision to impose less favourable treatment. Thus, proxy discrimination in algorithmic systems could constitute direct discrimination. Moreover, the direct discrimination prohibition could deal with more proxy discrimination cases if the applicability of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) is acknowledged when an EU Regulation directly applies to algorithmic recruitment. Second, the research discloses that the burden of proof could be interpreted in a way which allows applicants to establish prima facie cases of algorithmic recruitment discrimination even if they lack access to detailed information about the workings of the algorithmic recruitment system. The challenges of direct discrimination in algorithmic recruitment might not be insuperable, and the prohibition of direct discrimination should not be sidestepped when analysing the discriminatory tendencies of algorithmic recruitment.

Hybrid tomato seed production in protected ground

Relevance. The trend of increasing the area of protected soil and introducing new technologies in the cultivation of vegetable crops of food value can be traced every year. With the development of technology, the requirements for the quality and volume of seed material of hybrids have increased. The main constraints on seed production are the requirements for additional manual labor costs and the complexity of the process, in particular, pollination elements that need to be studied and improved.The aim studying some elements of technology, the optimal time between castration and pollination when crossing fertile tomato lines.Material and Methods. The research was conducted in 2022 year in greenhouse at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The objects of research were different methods of applying paternal pollen to the stigma of the maternal form. The experiment was carried out between maternal and paternal mid-fruited semi-determinate tomato lines in a hybrid combination. The variants of our experience include time-varying methods of pollen application. Pollination at the same time after castration is a control option, pollination after 4, 12, 24, 48 hours. Options with additional pollination the next day: pollination after 4 (+ after 24 hours), 12 (+ after 24 hours), 24 (+ after 24 hours), 48 hours (+ after 24 hours).Results. In the research, it was found that when pollinated with pollen of the paternal component 24 hours after castration of flowers with additional pollination the next day (24 hours later), the yield of seeds from one fruit on the average fertile maternal line of tomato exceeds 3 times compared with conventional pollination at the same time with castration.

Современное производство и особенности хранения томатов в России

Abstract. Tomato is a widely grown crop in Russia both in open and protected ground, has high gross harvest and yield capacity rates. During storage, being a climacteric culture, it matures quickly, which leads to accelerated breathing and evaporation of moisture, loss of the presentation of the product. The process of maturation and aging of tomatoes is associated with the peculiarity of biochemical processes inside the fruit during storage, while the content of biologically valuable substances decreases, the quality of stored products and organoleptic indicators deteriorate. The accelerated aging process is facilitated by the development of diseases caused by both the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms (fungal, bacterial, viral) and those arising from non-infectious exposure (temperature, relative humidity, mechanical damage, etc.). In this regard, in order to preserve the quality and increase the duration of storage, it is relevant to search for domestic and foreign sources characterizing the features of tomato fruits as an object of storage, for further research and development in the field of storage technologies that reduce the rate of biochemical processes, prevent or reduce the intensity of fruit damage during storage. In the article the structural features of tomato fruits were studied, tomato varieties were described, and also data on production volume were provided. It is noted that over the past few years there has been an increase in gross harvest and yield capacity with a simultaneous decrease in acreage, the biochemical composition of tomato fruits and its changes occurring during maturation and storage are described, infectious (caused by pathogenic microorganisms) and non-communicable diseases that contribute to the rapid maturation and spoilage of tomato fruits during storage are described. Key words: tomato, classification, production, structure, storage biochemical processes, diseases

An approach to improve grounding resistance characteristic in existing 115 KV transmission towers

Effective grounding can attenuate fault currents and reduce damage to power system equipment, making the grounding system a crucial protection scheme. Generally, the ground resistance is set to a value less than 10 Ω. However, in practice, it is difficult to achieve this in certain areas, such as mountains, plains, and swamps. To address this problem, this study analyses the (1) actual footing resistance, (2) ground resistivity, and (3) ground length of transmission towers located in specific areas. Non-linear factors, impedance, and coupling effect are considered instead of traditional variables. A grounding design algorithm is proposed based on the ATPDraw program. Simulation results are applied to the 115 kV real-world system of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. The grounding system exhibits a satisfactory performance improvement, as evidenced by comparisons between simulation and actual measurements. The findings are useful for implementing future improvements in grounding protection schemes.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF TOMATOES FROM LATE BLIGHT IN PROTECTED GROUND UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of biological protection of tomatoes against late blight in protected ground. The article summarises the peculiarities of the phytopathogenic situation in tomato agrocenoses in greenhouses under artificial climate control. A brief literature review was conducted from the point of view of modern strategies for controlling late blight in closed, artificially regulated tomato agrocenoses. The level of damage caused by late blight over a multi-year period was assessed from the point of view of both the reduction of tomato yields and pathogen resistance to new active substances and their combination. In the course of the study, the variants of application of classical fungicides in the composition of modern active substances (Kurzat M 68% wdg, 0,2–0,3 g/m2; Zorvek Incantia, 33% s.e. – 0,05 ml/m2; Banjo Forte KS, 0,1 ml/m2) with the use in the phenological stage period from intensive branching to fruit formation (VVSN 42-73), as well as the option of single sequential application of recommended biological products of fungicidal nature (Trichodermin (VIRIDIN), 20 g, 20 g/5 l of water/1 hundred square metres; Phytocide-p, 5 ml / 5 l of water / 1 hectare; Biological fungicide for tomatoes Effect, 5 g / 5 l of water / 1 hectare) and the option of their maximum combination in the same phenological period as the use of classical fungicides. It was found that the degree of damage to the bush by late blight (Ph. infestans de Bary) during the period of research in the farm conditions was noticeable (8,3%) and medium (12,7%) according to the standard scale of accounting. It has been determined that the system of purely biological variant with a single use of alternative fungicides is inferior to the variant of using the classical line of fungicides available on the Ukrainian market - on average, during the research period, the effectiveness of the classical scheme of fungicide application against tomato late blight at the enterprise was 86.45%, and the alternative biological –76.80%, which is 9.65% lower. For the variant with the intensification of the use of biological protection preparations against late blight, the average protection efficiency for two years of research was up to 85,1%. It was proved that the economic efficiency of the variant of classical pesticides application was maximum and provided an increase in tomato yield to the control on average at the level of 6,2 kg/m2 during the research period. Of the variants of biological protection systems, the most effective was the variant of combined use of biological preparations of fungicidal nature at the level of 5,5 kg/m2. It has been established that the variants of biological control systems of late blight of tomatoes in protected ground have quite significant prospects in comparison with the use of popular active ingredients of classical fungicides. In particular, for the conditions of the region, in order to maintain the high efficiency of the protection system and guarantee a high level of yield and quality of tomatoes, we recommend a variant that provides for the maximum combination of such biological fungicides of complex action as Fitotsid-r, Effect, Trichodermin during the vegetation of tomatoes.

Разработка природоподобной технологии размножения низкорослых подвоев косточковых культур в закрытом грунте

Abstract. The creation of technologies in accordance with the directions for the introduction of environmentally friendly, resource-saving developments into agriculture is relevant. Accelerated reproduction of planting material of the "basic" and "proven" categories is considered equally important, which requires optimization of reproduction by green cuttings. Green cutting allows to significantly quickly increase the yield of cuttings from one mother plant, reducing the area of the mother plantations by 4-5 times. Its advantage is the genetic uniformity of own-root plants, contributing to the elimination of plant infection with diseases and pests, ensuring a shorter growing period, successful combination with other stages of recovery: microclonal reproduction, reproduction by green grafting. In the protected ground conditions, studies were carried out (2019-2023) to isolate the most effective drug for the reproduction of healthy mother rootstock bushes for small-stone crops: AI 5 B, 3-20, AI-1.10-18, 3-107 (FSBSI NCFSCHVW breeding); VSL-2 (Crimean EBS breeding). The effect of the drugs was compared: plant growth regulators: Indolyl-3-butyric acid (IMC, SP), Phytactive Extraplus, CE; microbiological fertilizers: Sporex, Zh, Ultrex, Zh; Sporion, Zh, control (water). It was found that the treatment of BCI and the phytactive Extraplus reduced the period of appearance of primary roots by 4.5 and 5 days, depending on the rootstock. The largest percentage of rooted ones was obtained using the microbiological preparation Ultrex (3-47 % more than the control variant, depending on the rootstock genotype), also in this variant, due to its positive effect on root formation of more than 2 mm, increased stress resistance, more standard planting material was obtained by 90 % relative to the control ones. Key words: basic mother plantings, green cuttings, plant growth regulators, preparations based on microorganisms and their waste products, the percentage of yield of standard rootstocks for sweet cherries and cherries.

Role of mineral elements in the nutrition of garden strawberry plants

Relevance. The increase in global production of garden strawberry fruit is due to the high demand for the products for fresh consumption and as raw material for processing. The leading countries are: PRC, USA, Turkey, Egypt, Mexico, Spain, Russia, Poland, South Korea, Brazil. Increase in production volumes is provided due to high productivity of new varieties and intensification of strawberry cultivation technologies and, in particular, plant nutrition. The possibility of managing the nutrition of garden strawberry plants is one of the priority tasks from the solution of which depends on the realization of the potential of plant productivity, as well as the quality of the resulting products The role of many macroand microelements in plant nutrition is not fully understood. Numerous studies are conducted to identify the mechanisms of their absorption and movement in strawberry plants. New forms of fertilizers are being studied, allowing to effectively influence the processes of growth and development of plants, minimize the impact on the environment.Results. The article is devoted to the review of the role of the main mineral macroand microelements in plant nutrition, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, silicon, molybdenum. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the influence of certain mineral elements on physiological processes associated with the growth and development of garden strawberries is considered. The data on reaction of plants to the optimal content, excess and deficiency of certain elements, possibilities of their receipt and assimilation by plants of garden strawberries are given. Application in practice of the world experience on management of mineral nutrition can significantly improve the existing technologies of strawberry cultivation in open and protected ground.

The role of international organizations in the protection and restoration of the cultural heritage of Ukraine in the conditions of armed aggression: Financial, economic and legal aspects

The article attempts to analyze the role of international organizations in the protection and restoration of the cultural heritage during war conflicts. The case of Ukrainian ongoing conflict is considered, based on systematization of UNESCO documents and activities, as well as the case of Syria as a ‘testing ground’ for UNESCO in efforts on protection and restoration of cultural heritage damaged due to hostilities. It is claimed that UNESCO in fact showed its low efficiency in protecting cultural heritage, but is capable of providing reasonable steps of post-war restoration and preventing illegal trade of stolen cultural heritage. The expedience of developing international law grounds for protection of cultural heritage is emphasized, together with employing mechanisms of public-private partnership in restoration projects.

Reducing the incidence of biased algorithmic decisions through feature importance transparency: an empirical study

ABSTRACT As firms move towards data-driven decision-making using algorithmic systems, concerns are raised regarding the lack of transparency of these systems which could have ramifications related to users’ trust and the potential for provoking discriminatory decisions. Although previous research has developed methods to improve algorithmic transparency, little empirical evidence exists regarding the extent of the effectiveness of these approaches. Drawing upon Rest’s theory of ethical decision-making and the literature on algorithmic transparency and bias, we investigate the effectiveness of feature importance (FI), a common transparency-enhancing approach, which illustrates the nature and the weights of the features utilised by an algorithm. Through an online experiment employing a fictitious tool that provided recommendations for selecting employees for a promotion-related training programme, we find that FI is effective when biased recommendations include direct discrimination (i.e. when individuals are treated less favourably on protected grounds such as gender); but is of little assistance when discrimination is indirect (i.e. when a criterion or practice that is apparently neutral, disadvantages a group of individuals who are of a protected class). Additionally, we propose a new transparency approach, using aggregated demographic information, to accompany FI in indirect discrimination circumstances and report the results of testing its effects.

Ion‐sieving MXene flakes with quantum dots enable high plating capacity for dendrite‐free Zn anodes

AbstractThe commercial utilization of Zn metal anodes with high plating capacity is significantly hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and associated side reactions. Herein, a robust artificial ion‐sieving MXene flake (MXF)‐coating layer, with abundant polar terminated groups, is constructed to regulate the interfacial Zn2+ deposition behavior. In particular, the fragmented MXF coupled with in situ generated quantum dots not only has strong Zn affinity to homogenize electric fields but also generates numerous zincophilic sites to reduce nucleation energy, thus securing a uniform dendrite‐free surface. Additionally, the porous coating layer with polar groups allows the downward diffusion of Zn2+ to achieve bottom‐up deposition and repels the excessive free water and anions to prevent parasitic reactions. The ion‐sieving effect of MXF is firmly verified in symmetric cells with high areal capacity of 10–40 mAh cm−2 (1.0 mA cm−2) and depth of discharge of 15%–60%. Therefore, the functional MXF‐coated anode manifests long‐term cycling with 2700 h of stable plating/stripping in Zn||Zn cell. Such rational design of MXF protective layer breaks new ground in developing high plating capacity zinc anodes for practical applications.

Fault Handling and Localization Strategy Based on Waveform Characteristics Recognition with Coordination of Peterson Coil and Resistance Grounding Method

To address challenges in locating high-impedance grounding faults (HIGFs) and isolating fault areas in resonant grounding systems, this paper proposes a novel fault identification method based on coordinating a Peterson coil and a resistance grounding system. This method ensures power supply reliability by extinguishing the fault arc during transient faults with the Peterson coil. When a fault is determined to be permanent, the neutral point switches to a resistance grounding mode, ensuring regular distribution of zero-sequence currents in the network, thereby addressing the challenges of HIGF localization and fault area isolation. Fault calibration and nature determination rely on recognizing neutral point displacement voltage waveforms and dynamic characteristics, eliminating interference from asymmetric phase voltage variations. Fault area identification involves assessing the polarity of zero-sequence current waveforms attenuation during grounding mode switching, preventing misjudgments in grounding protection due to random initial fault angles and Peterson coil compensation states. Field experiments validate the feasibility of this fault location method and its control strategy.

Agro-technological aspects of growing branched annual apple nursery plants

The article presents an analytical review of Russian publications reporting the results of studies that search for optimal ways to affect apple plants in order to obtain branched annual plants. Since it has been proved that nursery plants of a certain age and quality are preferable for each type of intensive planting, as their use promotes the early maturity of trees thus ensuring a quick economic return on capital investments, it is currently relevant to study the production of apple tree planting material with specified biometric parameters. The use of mechanical impact on the above-ground part of grafted plants to suppress apical dominance is considered; the effectiveness of stimulating premature shoots in the crown area is confirmed. Much attention is paid by researchers to the chemical treatments of plants in the fields of fruit tree nurseries to improve the quality of annual plants. The use of cytokinin preparations and gibberellic acids is shown to be highly effective. The maximum effect on obtaining branched annual plants in most works was achieved in pomological apple varieties that are prone to the formation of premature shoots, with the budding on vegetatively propagated rootstocks of a first-grade commercial variety at a height of over 15 cm above the soil surface. One of the alternative ways of obtaining branched annual plants is wood grafting in spring and cultivation both in the field and in protected ground with a root-ball system. According to most researchers, the greatest effectiveness of the combined use of various techniques can be achieved only with strict adherence to conventional technologies for each method of cultivation.

Application of revitalize liquid biocomplex to increase adaptability of grapes at planting in open ground conditions

At present, the range of modern grape varieties suitable for cultivation in the conditions of the Non-Black Earth zone of the Russian Federation is represented by hybrids of different species origin derived from Vitis berlandieri Planch., Vitis Amurensis Rupr., Vitis riparia Michx., Vitis Labrusca L., which are characterized by low ability to vegetative propagation. Therefore, the development of techniques to improve the technology of accelerated propagation of these varieties, including the technology of clonal micropropagation is currently urgent. However, most studies in the field of in vitro propagation of grapes are devoted to laboratory experiments, but there is little information on the influence of the propagation method on the development indicators and vegetative productivity of grape mother plantations in protected and open ground conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop methods of application of Revitalize liquid to increase the adaptability and stress resistance of ex vitro grape plants during summer transplanting into the open ground to create mother plantations. The research objectives are to reveal the effectiveness of feeding (root, foliar, combined) with Revitalize liquid during summer transplanting ex vitro grape plants of grape varieties Kishmish № 342, Moscow White and Kober 5BB rootstock into the open ground. The obtained results indicate that double combined treatments (root 500 ml: 500 ml H2O + foliar 25 ml:1000 ml H2O) are effective for pre-growing of ex vitro mother plants of Kishmish № 342 and Kober 5BB rootstock in open ground conditions, and double root feeding (at a concentration of 25 ml:1000 ml H2O) with Revitalize liquid is promising for Moscow White variety.

On the question of electrical safety in physiotherapy rooms: protective grounding of electrical equipment

Abstract. The article discusses current issues of electrical safety in medical and preventive organizations. Goal: to attract the attention of physiotherapy specialists to the correct organization of protective grounding as the main means of preventing electrical injuries. Material and research: modern regulatory framework for the technical operation of electrical installations of electrical energy consumers in medical premises, the selection and use of electrical equipment and grounding devices, the frequency of inspections, measurements and tests, passports of grounding devices. Conclusion. It seems important to carry out measures to prevent accidents during the operation of physiotherapeutic equipment in each physiotherapy unit. To increase the level of organization of work on electromedical devices. Exclude the admission of personnel to the work of paramedical personnel without mandatory verification of the implementation of organizational and technical measures in the preparation of workplaces. Health care facilities should regularly hold occupational safety days, during which health care personnel should learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills, which today can be done in multidisciplinary accreditation and simulation centers of medical universities and academies.

Obtaining standard clonal rootstocks of the Maak cherry by green cuttings

The Maak cherry (Cerasus maackii Rupr.) has been studied for use as a scion in nursery production. The culture has such economically valuable features as resistance to diseases and pests, winter hardiness, fast regenerative ability, high rooting capacity of green cuttings. The article deals with the peculiarities of cultivation of the Maak cherry by green cuttings in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Maak cherry for the rooting ability and the possibility of obtaining a standard clonal scion. It has been found that using green shoots of the Maak cherry, 20, 30 and 40 cm long, the rooting capacity of cherry increases by 2.5; 12.5 and 19.1%, respectively, compared to the control variant (15 cm). The yield of standard rootstocks increases, when using longer cuttings 30–40 cm, when compared to the control (15 cm), or 2.5–3.4 times, respectively. Changes also occurred in the increase in the diameter of the conditional root neck, it increased by 9.3; 28.0 and 50.0% more than the control (3.2 mm). It has been proved by the experiment that at cutting length of green cuttings of the Maak cherry with the length of 40 cm, it is possible to get more than 150 pieces of clonal rootstocks suitable for winter grafting from 1m2 of the protected ground during one vegetation period. In green cuttings of the Maak cherry in a greenhouse equipped with a fogging unit, the length of green cuttings planted for rooting has a significant effect on rooting and yield of the uniform clonal rootstocks. When using 30–40 cm long annual shoots cut during the active growth period, rooting ability of the Maak cherry increased 1.3 times, the diameter of the conditional root neck – 1.5 times, the total yield of the suitable for grafting rootstocks – 3.4 times compared to the control variant (15 cm).

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ СОРТОВ HIBISCUS X MOSCHEUTOS L.

Hibiscus x moscheutos L. is a promising decorative perennial for inclusion in green plantings in the southern regions of Russia. Currently, there is no data available on the most effective methods of propagating hibiscus in the conditions of southern gardening in Russia. Since 2014, FSBSI «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making» (Krasnodar) has been carrying out work on introduction and variety study of H. x moscheutos. The collection includes 47 varieties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation of promising varieties using the herbaceous cuttings method. The study included 18 varieties and hybrids. In the experiment 2 cutting periods were studied: 1st period – spring (II-III decade of May), 2nd period – summer (III decade of June – 1st decade of July (control). It was established that herbaceous cuttings can be carried out in 2 periods – in the II decade of May, with the placement of mother bushes in protected ground, and in the III decade of June, with the preparation of cuttings from mother plants growing in open ground. For most varieties, spring cuttings are preferable. In this case, young plants overwinter better, and the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in pots is higher. During wintering of plants of summer cuttings, a high percentage of death was observed, which is associated with the low winter hardiness of young plants. A significant decrease in the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in plants of summer cuttings was detected in the following varieties: Berry Awersome, Midnithe Marvell, Plam Flambe, Perfect Storm – a decrease in the yield of seedlings of I grade was observed by almost 2 times in comparison with plants rooted in spring. The best performance in herbaceous cuttings was found in the following varieties: Cherry Cheescake, Cranberry Crush, Peppermint Schnapps, Jazzberry Jam, Summer in Paradise, Krasny Rusanova, Hybrid № 5. These cultivars combine in their genotype adaptability to abiotic stress factors and increased productivity of uterine bushes during cuttings and provide a high yield of marketable seedlings when grown in pots. Key words: ROSEMALLOW (HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS), VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION, HERBACEOUS CUTTINGS, POT CULTURE

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТА КАПЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛИВА ДЛЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ГИДРОТРОФИЧЕСКОГО РЕЖИМА ДЫНИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАЩИЩЕННОГО ГРУНТА

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibilities of using drip irrigation to optimize the hydrotrophic regime of melon in protected ground conditions. The object of the study is the melon crop of the F1 Polidor variety. The study was carried out in 2021–2023 at the enterprise of OJSC Vysokovsky Greenhouse Plant (Kostroma Region) under the adopted technology for growing F1 Polidor melon (control – drip irrigation) and using an additional element of the GTK drip irrigation system (experiment). The experiment was carried out on an area of 200 m2 (the size of the survey site is 25 m2) in accordance with the approved methods. Hydrotrophic capsules were installed when planting seedlings in the ground at the rate of 1 hydrocapsule per 2 plants, while 2 capillaries of the automated irrigation system were mounted in the lid. The frequency and level of water and nutrient solutions supply were programmed in accordance with the requirements of the biology of the crop and were carried out centrally. The experiment was repeated 4 times. Optimization of the water and nutrient supply regime for melons contributed to the development of a powerful root system with a positively changed anatomical and morphological (increase in root system weight by 125.7 g/plant, decrease in the number of root hairs and increase in the size of xylem vessels to 0.32 mm) and functional structure (101 % more working adsorbing surface of roots), increasing the physiological activity of above-ground organs in terms of photosynthetic productivity to 0.99 mgC/dm2/h and reducing water losses by 3.4 %/h/plant, which affected the formation of additional melon production of 8.9 t/ha with high accumulation of sugars (16.4 %) and vitamin C (8.9 mg%). Reducing the costs of additional water consumption will have a positive effect on the cost of production and on the economy of the enterprise as a whole. In greenhouse conditions, a favorable climate will be created for the working personnel, the amount of weeding will be reduced, and the risk of allergic reactions to mold spores will be reduced.