Protection Environment Research Articles

Low carbon dispatch of electricity-gas-thermal-storage integrated energy system based on stepped carbon trading

In the construction of the energy Internet and the environment of national environmental protection, China has proposed the establishment of carbon trading markets, such as policy mechanisms, and energy conservation and emission reduction have also become the most popular topic. To this end, the article proposes a low-carbon operation mode of an integrated energy system. First, build a combined electricity-gas-heat-storage structure based on energy conversion and storage devices; then, introduce a stepped carbon trading mechanism and establish a hierarchical calculation model, that is, calculate carbon trading costs based on the carbon emission range; then, Establish a low-carbon scheduling model, in which the goal is to minimize the sum of power generation costs and CO2 emissions transaction costs, and take into account safety constraints. Finally, a case study will be conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed model.

On the Study of the Sustainable Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples’ Diets—Take the Protection of Geographical Indications as an Example

From the perspective of geographical indications, this article introduces the methods used by the geographical indication system to protect indigenous peoples’ diets as an intangible part of their cultural heritage. By collecting and analyzing the data of the five major intellectual property offices of the world, we can understand the protection status of the intangible cultural heritage of indigenous peoples’ diets. Difficulties and controversies in the protection of food-related intangible cultural heritage geographical indications; the solution method is based on an in-depth understanding of development strategies, and four suggestions are provided; finally, the self-check sheet for the protection of indigenous peoples’ dietary intangible cultural heritage geographical indications is supplemented. Combining the questionnaire surveys and field visits, the conclusions are: The protection of indigenous peoples’ food culture is not a deliberate attempt at preserving traditions, but instead the market demand that is most directly oriented to the times and food; while protecting indigenous peoples’ food culture through geographical indications, revitalizing the inheritance and development of community food culture; giving more rights to the indigenous peoples, and providing a good legal protection environment for the inheritance, dissemination and innovation of intangible cultural food heritage; give full play to the potential of geographical indications and their associated benefits.

A Study on The Impact of Digital Transformation of Enterprises on The Quality of Workforce Employment

Digital transformation profoundly affects the transformation of business models and organisational structures and changes the employment situation of employees in companies. By analyzing the relationship between the digital transformation of enterprises and the employment quality of labor force, this paper constructs an employment quality evaluation system to measure the level of employment quality from four dimensions: social protection, employment status, employment ability and employment environment, and empirically analyzes the impact of digital transformation of enterprises on employment quality using fixed asset investment, the proportion of the number of enterprises with e-commerce transaction activities and e-commerce procurement volume, and obtains that the former has a negative effect on digital transformation, while the latter two have a positive effect. Finally, we propose a path to improve the quality of employment in the process of digital transformation of enterprises.

Investigating the Relationship between Technological Entrepreneurship and National Innovativeness: Moderating Effects of Intellectual Property Protection and R&D Transfer Environment

Abstract This study examines how technological entrepreneurship affects national innovativeness based on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship. It also examines how technological environments related to intellectual property protection and R&D transfer moderate this relationship. Based on data from 82 countries on technological entrepreneurship, intellectual property protection and innovation activities, this study finds that a higher ratio of technological entrepreneurship in the country enhances national innovativeness. In addition, the level of R&D transfer environment is found to negatively moderate this relationship, and evidence is found for a negative moderating effect of the strength of the intellectual property protection environment in a subsample of innovation-driven economies.

Trusted Computing and Privacy Protection Method for Computer IoT Nodes Based on Fuzzy Logic Blockchain

With the continuous growth of the social economy, the trusted computing and privacy protection methods of IoT nodes are constantly innovating and changing, from the traditional single IoT node protection method to the new interactive IoT nodes supplemented by various network resources. That is, the item information server encrypts the detailed information of the item layer by layer with the session key of the adjacent node according to the node sequence of the response path. By completing the complete interactive design and the protection knot in the unique illusory environment, the application and discussion of privacy protection is achieved in the context of Internet of Things, creating a design concept for trusted computing and privacy protection methods for IoT nodes, and discussing the rationality of interactive design in the process of trusted computing and privacy protection methods for IoT nodes. The simulation results show that the application of fuzzy logic blockchain is very extensive, and the trusted computing and privacy protection methods of IoT nodes have a broader platform and a more open environment.

Public governance and corporate innovation: evidence from a quasi-natural event in China

ABSTRACT Using a unique quasi-natural event, i.e. gangdom and evil forces (hereafter, GEs) elimination in China, we investigate the relationship between the public governance proxied by GEs elimination and corporate innovation based on the data of Chinese listed firms from 2013 to 2021. The results show that the GEs elimination leads to a 0.39% increase in corporate innovation investment. Quantitatively, the increase is approximately equivalent to 4.42 million yuan for a firm of median innovation investment. Furthermore, we find that the GEs elimination increases corporate innovation through two possible channels: relieving financing constraints and intensifying market competition. In addition, we also reveal that the effects of GEs elimination on corporate innovation are stronger in firms located in a better marketization environment and a stronger Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection environment. Our main results pass a series of robustness tests and endogeneity issues.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY: BRIDGE REPLACEMENT IN BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE)

The Construction Safety Management System is part of the construction work implementation management system to ensure the realization of construction safety, security, safety, health and sustainability standards which are technical guidelines for security, safety, construction workplace health and labor social protection and local environment and environmental management in the implementation of construction services. Safety targets or objects consist of the work environment, the project affected environment, the natural environment and the built environment. The analysis of the Construction Work Plan for Service Providers on Bridge Replacement Works in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Province which is reviewed in this discussion is that the identification of the level of risk that has been stated in the Construction Work Plan Document for Bridge Replacement Works has been detailed and can be used as a reference in the implementation in the field. so that the fulfillment of security, safety, health and sustainability standards that ensure the safety of construction engineering, labor safety and health, public safety and environmental safety can be maintained. An assessment of the implementation of Construction Safety on Bridge Replacement Works by Service Users has been carried out, from the results of the assessment there are still things that need to be improved continuously. Implementation of Construction Safety on Bridge Replacement Work has been carried out in accordance with the mandate of the legislation, but it still needs to be continuously improved so as to get maximum results.

Design of Water Quality Monitoring System in Shaanxi Section of Weihe River Basin Based on the Internet of Things.

Monitoring environmental water quality in an efficient, cheap, and sustainable way can better serve the country's strategic requirements for water resources and water ecological protection. This paper takes the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River Basin as a pilot project and aims to use the Internet of Things technology to develop water quality monitoring sensors, so as to realize the construction of low-cost, high-reliability water quality monitoring demonstration applications. First of all, we established the design of the water quality collection terminal, designed the low-power water quality sensor node, supported the Internet of Things protocol and the collection of various water quality parameters, and used networking for data transmission. Secondly, we use the ant colony algorithm-based system clustering model to obtain a cluster map of water quality monitoring tasks in a certain section of the Weihe River Basin. We take the task clustering graph as an example for analysis, optimize the monitoring model through the ant colony algorithm, and obtain the weight of the optimization index. The weight of the scheduled task limit of the monitoring point becomes larger, so the release of the monitoring task mainly affects the limit of the scheduled task of the monitoring point. Through the above work, we designed and implemented a set of online water quality monitoring system based on the Internet of Things and data mining technology. The system can provide reference for large-scale water resource protection and water environment governance.

Trigger-Based K-Band Microwave Ranging System Thermal Control with Model-Free Learning Process

Micron-level accuracy K-band microwave ranging in space relies on the stability of the payload thermal control on-board; however, large quantities of thermal sensors and heating devices around the deployed instruments consume the precious inner communication resources of the central computer. Another problem arises, which is that the payload thermal protection environment can deteriorate gradually through years operating. In this paper, a new trigger-based thermal system controller design is proposed, with consideration of spaceborne communication burden reduction and actuator saturation, which guarantees stable temperature fluctuations of microwave payloads in space missions. The controller combines a nominal constant sampling PID inner loop and a trigger-based outer loop structure under constraints of heating device saturation. Moreover, an iterative model-free reinforcement learning process is adopted that can approximate the estimation of thermal dynamic modeling uncertainty online. Via extensive experiment in a laboratory environment, the performance of the proposed trigger thermal control is verified, with smaller temperature fluctuations compared to the nominal control, and obvious efficiency in system communications. The online learning algorithm is also tested with deliberate thermal conditions that deviate from the original system—the results can quickly converge to normal when the thermal disturbance is removed. Finally, the ranging accuracy is tested for the whole system, and a 25% (RMS) performance improvement can be realized by using a trigger-based control strategy—about 2.2 µm, compared to the nominal control method.

Evaluation of the effect of industrial enterprises on the environment and efficiency evaluation of environmental protection on the example of «Chernihivagroshlyahbud» LLC

Today, in the conditions of growing attention to the problem of ecologically balanced development, the assessment of the impact of enterprises on the environment is an important and integral component of research in the field of ecology and sustainable development. In particular, «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC (Ukraine) as one of the leading enterprises in the field of agriculture and construction has a significant potential for impact on the natural environment. The object of research is the impact of an industrial enterprise on the environment.
 The research is aimed at assessing the environmental impact of «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC and developing proposals for the implementation of appropriate environmental protection measures.
 Like most industrial enterprises, «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC is a source of solid waste, polluted runoff, and gaseous emissions into the atmosphere. Due to the fact that the enterprise is located within the city limits, the relevant environmental protection requirements for it are increased. The economic activity of the enterprise is accompanied by the fulfillment of requirements for the rational use of natural resources, environmental safety, planning measures for environmental protection and public health protection.
 In the paper, an assessment of the impact of «Chernihivagroshlyakhbud» LLC on the environment was carried out and the characteristics of the area where the enterprise is located were given. In this study, calculations were made for cyclone-type air and water purifiers. As a result of the calculations, it was established that the efficiency of the cyclone for holding particles of 10 microns in size under the given conditions is 91.93 %, which is sufficient to meet the regulatory requirements for emissions into the natural environment. The obtained indicative results can be used for the initial evaluation of the cyclone's efficiency and the planning of further research and development in this area.

Board directors' foreign experience and firm dividend payouts

We find that Chinese-listed firms are more likely to pay dividends and implement larger payout ratios when their directors have foreign experience. This finding remains after using various methods to address potential endogeneity concerns. The positive association is stronger for low-growth firms, non-state-owned firms, and when directors obtain foreign experience in countries with stronger investor protection. The effect of directors' foreign experience on dividend payouts is also more pronounced for independent directors than for executive directors. Directors with foreign experience appear to overcome the weak investor protection environment as the effects are more pronounced among poorly governed firms and before the regulatory dividend reforms in 2013. Overall, our findings identify a mechanism through which better governance practices are propagated.

Natural Protection Environment and Utilization Countermeasures Considering Big Data

Natural Protection Environment and Utilization Countermeasures Considering Big Data

Dehydration Rate and a Novel Model to Aid Search and Relief for Undocumented Border Crossers in the Sonoran Desert

There has been a proliferation of geographic literature exploring the fatal effects of immigration policy since the early 2000s. Studies have used geographic information systems (GIS) and predictive modeling to explore potential relationships between border protection infrastructure, environment, and migrant death. Although some studies have used GIS to determine the probable effects of heat stress, none have included the potential perspiration as a limiting factor to pedestrian travel in an arid environment during daylight hours. Heat exposure is the leading cause of mortality for migrants in the desert regions of the U.S.–Mexico border, and humans rely on water to regulate temperature. For a more systematic methodology and higher precision, we calculated the maximum distances a person could walk in Arizona’s Sonoran Desert accounting for sweat rate. The locations of recovered human remains (RHR) correlate with water usage and increased difficulty of pedestrian travel. Further, our results showed at higher precision a significant correlation of mortality and spatial rates of dehydration and demonstrate that sweat rate is a better predictor of RHR location than heat or slope alone and will be more informative for search and relief operations in the region.

Effect of scratches on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of carbon steel in cathodic protection and dynamic DC stray current interference environments

The coupling of scratch with cathodic protection or dynamic DC stray current interference can threaten the pipeline safety. Slow strain rate tensile testing combined with scanning electron microscopy and finite element analysis is conducted to explore the effect of the scratch of X60 carbon steel in the soil environment, on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity under cathodic protection and dynamic DC stray current interference. The results reveal that in air, when the scratch depth of X60 steel exceeds the critical value, its mechanical performance will be markedly affected. In cathodic protection or dynamic DC stray current interference environment, scratches cause stress concentration, and under the combined effect of stress-induced hydrogen diffusion and dislocation multiplication caused by the strain of the scratched area, the hydrogen content near the scratched area is higher than that in unscratched areas; thus, greater scratch depths increase the sensitivity of X60 carbon steel to hydrogen embrittlement.

Impact of Flooding on Shallow Groundwater Chemistry in the Taklamakan Desert Hinterland: Remote Sensing Inversion and Geochemical Methods

Understanding the effect of flooding on groundwater quality is imperative for oasis vegetation protection and local ecological environment development. We used geochemical and remote sensing inversion methods to evaluate the effects of flood recharge on the groundwater hydrochemical and geochemical processes in the Daliyaboy Oasis. Groundwater samples were collected from 30 ecological observation wells in the study area before (PRF) and after (POF) the flood. Except for small changes in HCO3− and K+ and a decrease in pH, ion levels were higher POF than PRF, and the water chemistry was essentially unchanged. In the POF groundwater, HCO3− was correlated with Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, total soluble solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC), but not with SO42−, Ca2+, K+, or pH, and was positively correlated with all other variables, while the remaining variables, except for pH, were strongly positively correlated with each other. PRF water chemistry was controlled by silicate and evaporite mineral weathering and evaporation processes, resulting in high groundwater TDS, EC, and a major ion content, while POF major groundwater ions were regulated by mineral weathering and flood recharge. We demonstrated the high accuracy of remote sensing inversion, confirming this as a reliable method for evaluating groundwater chemistry. The results of the study help to reshape and predict the history of the regional hydrogeological environment and hydrogeochemical development, and provide a theoretical basis for assessing the rational use of local water resources and protecting the ecological environment.

The impact of public legal protection on the internal corporate governance efficiency in banking sector

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to reveal the impact of public legal protection on the efficiency of internal corporate governance in banks. In addition, this research proposes a new corporate governance index that could be employed by the banking sector to evaluate the performance of their internal corporate governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachOrbis database, annual reports and direct questionnaire are used to collect corporate governance data of 127 banks from 14 countries during 2020. The Mann–Whitney U-test is employed to compare the efficiency of corporate governance mechanisms based on three subsamples of countries having different legal protection levels (weak, middle and strong).FindingsThis research suggests a new corporate governance index for banks based on seven constructs and 62 variables. This new non-parametric index could be used by bankers to improve the monitoring process and enhance the overall performance of banking. The results of this research show that the existence of a strong public legal protection environment within a specific country enhances the efficiency of corporate governance mechanisms in the banking sector and thus, leads to improve the protection of shareholders, depositors and other relevant stakeholders. However, in countries that are characterized by weak legal protection level, the efficiency of corporate governance mechanisms is very low and there are possibilities of entrenchment, expropriation and extraction of private benefits. These findings could be interpreted within the prediction of agency, moral hazard, asymmetric information, political and entrenchment theories.Originality/valueThis research paper provides information that bankers and other relevant stakeholders in the banking sector working in MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) and European countries. A strong public legal protection level could improve the efficiency of internal corporate governance mechanisms within banks.

Future Role of Bio-Microorganism Pesticide in Pakistan

Microbial pathogens are disease-causing organisms that are spread in vast quantities in the pest population, similar to how chemical pesticides are applied. These microorganisms are utilized through introduction or inundative applications for organic control of bug bothers. Insects are vulnerable to a variety of illnesses brought about by infections, microscopic organisms, the parasite, protozoa, and nematodes, among different microorganisms. Insect microbial pathogens are being studied in depth in order to develop environmentally acceptable pest management solutions for agriculture. These days, plant protection environments and insect pest control are hampered by the development of chemical resistance and residues at higher trophic levels. Bio-pesticides have been replacing chemical pesticides to protect nontarget creatures from the harmful effects of chemicals in recent years. This research discusses the insecticidal characteristics of microorganisms, just as their potential utility in bother the board.

Study on spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality based on land-use change in Chongming Dongtan, China

Chongming Dongtan is an important habitat for international migratory birds. It is of great significance to study its land use and habitat quality change for rare waterfowl protection and ecological environment restoration. Based on the land use data in 2002, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020, this paper analyzes the relationship between land-use change and habitat quality evolution in Chongming Dongtan in recent 18 years using InVEST model, land use dynamic degree and land use degree index. The results show that the main types of land use in the study area are water area and cultivated land, followed by woodland, reed beach, grass beach, bare beach and construction land. Among them, bare beach and construction land have changed dramatically, the former continuing to decrease while the latter continuing to increase. Moreover, the increasing speed began to slow down after 2012, and the increasing part was mainly from the surrounding cultivated land. Second, in terms of time change, the degradation of habitat quality in Chongming Dongtan has been gradually improved from aggravating trend in the past 18 years. In terms of spatial distribution, the habitat degradation degree of Chongming Dongtan is higher in the east and lower in the west, spreading from the center to the surrounding. Based on this, the change of land use and the interference of human activities are the important reasons for the change of ecological environment quality.

South African radiography leadership co-constructing radiation protection change ideas

BackgroundThis article presents the findings of phase three of a mixed-method study. Phases one and two explored South African radiographers’ radiation protection intention and practices and found that even though radiographers reported a high intention to perform radiation protection, varying practices were observed. Phase three of the study explored optimising radiation protection among radiographers in South Africa. ObjectiveThe research objective guiding phase three of the study was to explore co-constructed change ideas to facilitate optimal radiation protection. MethodsA qualitative research approach using focus group interviews collected data from eight purposively selected radiography managers. The collected data was analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsTwo themes and related categories were identified. Radiographer managers defined radiation protection correctly and concurred that they observed suboptimal radiation protection practices. They attributed suboptimal practice with diminished stature of the radiographer within the healthcare team, ionising radiation being an unseen harm and radiographers’ attitude. Radiography managers envisioned their ideal radiation protection environment and suggested ways to attain it. Among the suggestions was a strong collaboration between stakeholders, continuous education, research, national standardised policies, and radiography organisational structures. ConclusionTo rectify suboptimal radiation protection, radiography managers co-constructed ideas to optimise radiation protection practices. Fundamental to change was healthcare organisations embedding radiation protection within their safety culture; thereby, all stakeholders would be invested in upholding the organisation-wide impetus. However, ultimately compliance and accountability is an individual choice.

Legal framework for the protection of foreign employees in China

PurposeThis study aims to examine the adequate application of rights and protections granted to employees under labor laws and regulations to foreign employees working in China.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyzed applicable laws, regulations and related literature on the employment of foreigners in China and employed quantitative and qualitative methods to scrutinize the features of labor disputes involving foreign employees, to assess claims of inconsistencies. A group of judges and labor arbitrators were also interviewed.FindingsThe inconsistencies between Chinese immigration and labor laws, and between applicable laws and court enforcement, result in a considerable gap in employment protection for foreign employees. They have grown over the last two decades, in a changing legal environment of labor protection and labor market for foreigners.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on documented foreign employees' labor litigations from 2017 to 2020 in people's courts in China's five most economically developed regions. Future studies could cover a wider geographic territory and labor disputes of undocumented foreign employees to provide an even more comprehensive picture of the challenges and potential solutions.Practical implicationsThe inconsistency between immigration and labor law regarding employment protection for documented foreign employees requires legal clarification and regulation to ensure equal employment protection of both Chinese and foreign employees.Originality/valueThere are limited studies using empirical data from different regions in China to document and understand the gap between the statutory labor protections and the labor protection granted to foreign employees in law as well as in court practice.