Protection Efforts Research Articles

The Historical and Theoretical Rationale for Ecological Protection and Restoration: Experiences from China

This study aims to elucidate the historical justification for protection and restoration efforts in China while also examining the theoretical underpinnings of ecological conservation and restoration. Utilizing a literature review method, logical reasoning method, and inductive summarizing method, the historical and theoretical frameworks of territorial spatial ecological conservation and restoration are elucidated, leading to the following conclusions: (1) The ecological protection and restoration of national land space represents an advanced form of land remediation; however, they differ in terms of objects, principles, goals, and measures. (2) Territorial space ecological protection and restoration is historically unavoidable due to the current phase of societal development, driven by the natural environment and the necessity to establish an ecological civilization. (3) To implement territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration effectively and rationally, it is essential to comprehend its systematicity, territoriality, dynamics, and scientificity. By clarifying its historical and theoretical rationale, we can achieve a deeper understanding of its current relevance. This can effectively inform practical efforts in territorial spatial ecological protection and restoration.

Inpatient Hospitalizations for COVID-19 Among Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder associated with baseline respiratory impairment caused by multiple contributing etiologies. While this may be expected to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 infections in PWS patients, survey studies have suggested paradoxically low disease severity. To better characterize the course of COVID-19 infection in patients with PWS, this study analyses the outcomes of hospitalizations for COVID-19 among patients with and without PWS. The National Inpatient Sample, an all-payors administrative claims database of hospitalizations in the United States, was queried for patients with a coded diagnosis COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021. Hospitalizations for patients with PWS compared to those for patients without PWS using Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighting (AIPW). There were 295 (95% CI: 228-362) COVID-19 hospitalizations for individuals with PWS and 4,112,400 (95% CI: 4,051,497-4,173,303) for individuals without PWS. PWS patients had a median age of 33 years compared to 63 for those without PWS. Individuals with PWS had higher baseline rates of obesity (47.5% vs. 28.4%). AIPW models show that PWS diagnosis is associated with increased hospital length of stay by 7.43 days, hospital charges by $80,126, and the odds of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death (odds ratios of 1.79 and 1.67, respectively). PWS patients hospitalized with COVID-19 experienced longer hospital stays, higher charges, and increased risk of mechanical ventilation and death. These results suggest that PWS should be considered a risk factor for severe COVID-19, warranting continued protective measures and vaccination efforts. Further research is needed to validate coding for PWS and assess the impact of evolving COVID-19 variants and population immunity on this vulnerable population.

A long‐term study on food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating primate

AbstractEfficient foraging plays a critical role in fitness, yet food choices and underlying nutritional goals vary among animals. To understand those choices and therefore the importance of different food resources, many studies estimate food preferences by applying electivity indices that account for resource availabilities. However, the general applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios is unclear. Our major aims were to find effective methods to estimate animals' food choices and to investigate long‐term food choices and underlying nutritional goals of the red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, an endangered folivore. We used simulations of different foraging conditions to evaluate the applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant scenarios to help interpret our results. Then, we used long‐term data collected between 2006 and 2016 on the feeding behavior and ecology of red colobus to determine the consumption frequencies of different foods and their food preferences. Based on these results and nutritional concentrations of young leaves of frequently consumed tree species, we investigated the importance of the protein‐to‐fiber ratio in their diet. Our simulations highlight limitations of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios. Further, red colobus clearly chose young leaves over other plant parts, and, considering species and plant part, red colobus fed on many different items, but few dominated their diet. The availability and spatial distribution varied across the most consumed foods, but red colobus preferences remained mostly stable over time. Protein‐to‐fiber ratio had no association with preference but with consumption frequencies of different young leaves. The limitations of electivity indices in different foraging conditions underline the importance of comparing food preferences with consumption frequencies to assess the importance of different food resources. Our results provide a robust understanding of the food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating animal that can ultimately be used for implementing more effective conservation measures by directing habitat protection or restoration efforts toward these resources.

Linking Functional Traits To Trophic Roles In Scavenger Assemblages.

Scavenging is a widespread feeding strategy involving a diversity of taxa from different trophic levels, from apex predators to obligate scavengers. Scavenger species play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning by removing carcasses, recycling nutrients and preventing disease spread. Understanding the trophic roles of scavenger species can help identify specialized species with unique roles and species that may be more vulnerable to ecological changes. To identify species with specialized roles, we studied three scavenger networks (one in north temperate Spain and two in central-south Mediterranean Spain) that comprised 25 scavenger species (65% birds and 35% mammals), consuming carcasses of four wild ungulate species. We characterized the trophic role of a species by combining four species-level network metrics (normalized degree, specialization, closeness, and betweenness centrality) into a single centrality metric, quantifying how scavenger species interact with carcass species within their ecological network. Higher centrality indicates the species feeds on a greater variety of carcasses and may contribute more to carrion consumption than species with lower centrality, which have more peripheral and specialized roles. The griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) and the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus) had the highest centrality. In contrast, the red kite (Milvus milvus) in the northern site had the lowest centrality, and the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) was among the most peripheral species for all three networks. In general, scavengers with large home ranges and nocturnal or crepuscular activity patterns tended to have more central roles, whereas species that forage silently tended to have more peripheral roles. Changes in species' centrality between sites and the high centrality of species with large home ranges suggest that management strategies in one location can have implications that extend beyond, highlighting the need to implement coordinated transboundary protection efforts to ensure the resilience and functionality of scavenger networks and derived ecosystem services.

Long-term and seasonal evaluation on environmental microbiology and water quality of Shanmei reservoir in southeast China.

As a crucial source of potable water, the quality of water in Shanmei reservoir strongly and directly impacts the safety and well-being of downstream residents. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in the reservoir's resource and energy cycle. However, ecological protection efforts for the Shanmei reservoir have encountered numerous challenges in recent years. This study conducted an extensive visual analysis of microbial communities in sediment from the Shanmei reservoir between 2022 and 2024 using amplicon sequencing technology targeting 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that the microbial diversity of sediment showed an obvious seasonal pattern. At the same time, microbial composition also changes with the long-term evolution of time, which may be closely related to the change in environmental conditions. In addition, we have also carried out long-term multi-dimensional monitoring of the water quality of the Shanmei reservoir, and the results show that the water quality has reached the national drinking water grade. In conclusion, this study not only unveiled the interseasonal dynamics and long-term evolutionary characteristics of sediment microbial communities but also elucidated the significant influence of environmental factors on their composition, structure and function. These findings offer a fresh perspective for understanding the freshwater ecosystem microbial dynamics and provide a scientific foundation for reservoir management and water quality protection.

SOCIAL PROTECTION FOR SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICE RECIPIENTS (PPKS) THROUGH SIMASOS MEDIA RECORDING BY THE SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Social protection efforts are one of the main supporting factors for a successful social welfare development. Therefore, data on social welfare service needees must be updated continuously and the appropriate services can be provided immediately. However, Kutai Kartanegara Regency experienced obstacles in the process of updating the data, hence the SIMASOS was created. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze social protection through SIMASOS Media from the Social Service in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method based on the theory by Sabates-Wheeler and Devereux, which examined social protection in four indicators. Social protection through SIMASOS Media data collection was implemented by fulfilling the indicators of protective, preventive, promotive, and transformative dimensions. However, one of the indicators, namely transformative, was not implemented properly due to the lack of policy follow-up on reports received through the SIMASOS media. Social protection focuses on the implementation of programs created by the government, but innovation is also needed so that the goal of a prosperous country can be achieved. One of which is through Social Welfare Service Recipients (PPKS) data collection using SIMASOS media which is based on four dimensions by Sabates and Wheeler. It was found that the supporting factors for the research object were the availability of a legal basis and the selection of the right application, while the inhibiting factors were the lack of socialization of SIMASOS media to the people of Kutai Kartanegara Regency, as well as the lack of manpower and quality of human resources responsible for the media at the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Social Service. Keywords: SIMASOS Media, PPKS, Social Protection

E-Commerce Transformation in Indonesia: Intellectual Property Rights Protection in the Local Digital Market

The transformation of e-commerce in Indonesia has become a significant phenomenon in today's digital era. This article explores the impact of the transformation on the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the local digital market. Through an analysis of IPR-related policies and practices, this article attempts to understand how these efforts affect copyright, trademark, and patent protection amid the rapid development of e-commerce. In addition, this article also highlights the challenges and opportunities faced in harmonizing IPR principles with the dynamics of Indonesia's ever-evolving digital market. This article aims to provide a better understanding of how changes in the digital business environment are affecting protection efforts against copyrights, trademarks, and patents. The results of this article reveal shifting business patterns and new challenges in the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Indonesia's digital market, while also highlighting the importance of developing inclusive and balanced regulations to optimize IPR protection and support inclusive economic growth and promote social justice

Community's Willingness to Participate in Wastewater Management in Aceh

Communal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been established in the Province of Aceh, mostly in Banda Aceh City as the capital and other parts of the province, to address significant environmental risks posed by wastewater originating from domestic activities. However, limited coverage, poor effluent quality, and insufficient community involvement persist. This research assesses public participation and willingness to engage in wastewater management practices. A quantitative survey was conducted with 148 Banda Aceh and Aceh Barat respondents, selected through multi-stage random sampling. The first stage in respondent selection is based on area. Banda Aceh City, the provincial capital, was chosen as the initial location for the respondents’ residence, followed by Meulaboh as the regency capital. The second stage involves respondents who have household businesses (which generate domestic waste, in this case, owners of laundry and vehicle washing businesses) and those who do not have businesses. The survey explored respondents' perceptions of environmental pollution, awareness of wastewater regulations, and their readiness to participate in management efforts. The findings reveal that 77.7% of respondents are willing to join in wastewater management initiatives, with 52.21% expressing a willingness to attend community meetings and 18.14% agreeing to pay fees for communal WWTP services. Key factors influencing participation include awareness of environmental issues, positive perceptions of communal WWTPs, and the belief that the government should provide wastewater treatment infrastructure. The study concludes that increasing public awareness and involving communities in policy formulation is crucial for improving wastewater management in Aceh. These insights can guide local governments in developing effective regulations and fostering sustainable community engagement in environmental protection efforts, potentially leading to a healthier and more sustainable environment for the people of Aceh.

Civil Protection in Peace Forces Missions: Challenges and Solutions (Case Study of UNAMID in Darfur)

Civilian protection in peacekeeping missions is important in both war and peace situations. Civilian protection in peace missions faces various challenges in its implementation. Civilian protection efforts involve a variety of strategies designed to reduce risks and protect civilians from the dangers of armed conflict. These challenges include limited resources and personnel, security instability, and the complexity of relationships with various related parties. These factors pose significant obstacles to the effectiveness of peacekeepers in carrying out their duties. The research method used in this paper is a quantitative approach with a literature review design. By using a library review design, researchers can investigate the problems in the research. The findings of this research indicate that civilian protection in peacekeeping missions requires a comprehensive, holistic approach. This approach must involve synergy and collaboration between various related parties to achieve optimal results. Civilian protection is not only limited to physical security from threats of violence, but also includes social, humanitarian and political dimensions that are interrelated and very complex.

IMPACT OF GREEN FINANCE ON GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

There needs to be more empirical research quantifying the relationship between the growth of green finance (GF) and green productivity. This study investigates this connection by analyzing data from 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2022. We utilize a comprehensive GF growth index to assess the impact. The results reveal a substantial increase in green manufacturing in response to more excellent green financing, fostering environmental sustainability. Both GF and total factor production exhibit upward trajectories, indicating the effectiveness and productivity of green financial initiatives. Furthermore, regression analysis demonstrates a significant positive effect of increased green financing on output. This effect is expected to be more pronounced in regions with more robust economic and social conditions, lower public interest in environmental preservation and higher pollution levels. Our findings suggest that implementing GF policies further enhances the positive effects of expanding green financing. This research has important implications for China’s environmental protection and green financing efforts, serving as valuable insights for environmental analysts, policymakers, local governments, financial institutions and legislators involved in GF policy implementation.

A Survey on Securing Image-Centric Edge Intelligence

Facing enormous data generated at the network edge, Edge Intelligence (EI) emerges as the fusion of Edge Computing and Artificial Intelligence, revolutionizing edge data processing and intelligent decision-making. Nonetheless, this emergent mode presents a complex array of security challenges, particularly prominent in image-centric applications due to the sheer volume of visual data and its direct connection to user privacy. These challenges include safeguarding model/image privacy and ensuring model integrity against various security threats, such as model poisoning. Essentially, those threats originate from data attacks, suggesting data protection as a promising solution. Although data protection measures are well-established in other domains, image-centric EI necessitates focused research. This survey examines the security issues inherent to image-centric EI and outlines the protection efforts, providing a comprehensive overview of the landscape. We begin by introducing EI, detailing its operational mechanics and associated security issues. We then explore the technologies facilitating security enhancement (e.g., differential privacy) and edge intelligence (e.g., compact networks and distributed learning frameworks). Next, we categorize security strategies by their application in data preparation, training, and inference, with a focus on image-based contexts. Despite these efforts on security, our investigation identifies research gaps. We also outline promising research directions to bridge these gaps, bolstering security frameworks in image-centric EI applications.

Legal Protection Efforts of Employees Through the Social Security Administration Agency

Legal protection efforts for workers in Indonesia through the Social Security Agency on Health (BPJS) are one of the strategic steps in ensuring worker welfare, both in the formal and informal sectors. This study aims to analyze the company's obligation to register its workers in BPJS membership and the legal protection efforts that can be provided through social security programs organized by BPJS Kesehatan and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. First, the company's obligation to register its workers in BPJS membership is regulated in Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS, which mandates that every company is required to register all its workers in the social security program. Although there are clear legal provisions, implementation in the field still faces challenges such as low awareness from some companies and workers themselves. Second, legal protection efforts for workers through BPJS can be seen from two main aspects, namely health insurance and employment insurance. The health insurance program provides protection for workers and their families from unexpected health risks, while employment insurance provides protection against socio-economic risks faced by workers, such as work accidents, death, or retirement. With this program, workers have the right to obtain health services and financial compensation that can ease the burden of life due to the occurrence of these risks. This study reveals that although BPJS plays an important role in providing legal protection for workers, there are challenges in its implementation, such as gaps in equal access to services and non-compliance by several companies with registration obligations. Therefore, stricter supervision, increased legal awareness, and stricter law enforcement are needed against companies that do not register their workers with BPJS. With these steps, it is hoped that the social security program can run effectively and provide maximum protection for workers in Indonesia.

Arsenic Contamination in Sludge and Sediment and Relationship with Microbial Resistance Genes: Interactions and Remediation

Arsenic contamination in sludge and sediment has emerged as a pressing environmental issue with far-reaching implications. This review delves into the multifaceted problem of arsenic contamination, focusing on its complex interactions with microbial resistance genes (MRGs). It explores the key role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic, including processes such as reduction, oxidation, methylation, and volatilization. It describes how microorganisms resist arsenic through resistance genes that encode proteins such as efflux pumps, enzymatic detoxification, and intracellular sequestration. Arsenic, a naturally occurring element, can enter sludge and sediment through various natural and anthropogenic pathways, leading to detrimental effects on environmental quality. Understanding the role of microorganisms in arsenic mobilization, transformation, and their ability to resist arsenic toxicity through MRGs is essential for effective mitigation and remediation strategies. This review discusses the sources and distribution of arsenic in sludge and sediment, the intricate mechanisms of microbial arsenic resistance, and the potential implications for environmental management and human health. It also examines current research trends and identifies areas requiring further investigation. By unraveling the interplay between arsenic contamination, microorganisms, and MRGs, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the issue and guide future research and environmental protection efforts.

Enhancing the Legal Protection of Waqf Assets in Banjar City, West Java, Through Land Registration and Regulatory Awareness to Support the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the land registration program in enhancing the legal protection of waqf assets in Indonesia, focusing on its contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions. This study specifically focuses on the context of Banjar City, West Java. Theoretical Framework: This research applies Islamic law theory related to the protection of waqf assets and sustainable development theory, linking legal protection efforts with the achievement of SDGs. The Islamic perspective on waqf management emphasizes secure and sustainable stewardship, which aligns with the principles of sustainable development. Method: A juridical-empirical approach with a descriptive-analytical method is used in this study. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and document reviews regarding the implementation of the land registration program and related policies in Banjar City, West Java. The analysis focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of these initiatives in protecting waqf assets. Results and Discussion: The study finds that the land registration program has made a positive contribution to the protection of waqf assets. However, challenges remain, including insufficient socialization and training for nadzir (waqf managers) and a lack of public understanding regarding the importance of land registration. Regulatory awareness programs, such as waqf land certification, offer significant potential to strengthen legal protection. The synergy between government policies and community participation is crucial for improving the effectiveness of waqf protection. Research Implications: This study provides practical implications for the development of policies aimed at strengthening the protection of waqf assets. It recommends improving socialization and training for nadzir and raising public awareness about the importance of waqf land registration. Collaboration between the government, religious institutions, and the community is essential for enhancing the protection of waqf assets. Originality/Value: The originality of this study lies in its identification of the importance of the land registration program and regulatory awareness in strengthening the protection of waqf assets in Indonesia, particularly in Banjar City. The study also offers practical recommendations to improve the implementation of these initiatives and provides insights into the local context in Indonesia, which can be used as a model for other regions.

Analisis Sentimen Inses di Social Media menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes

Sexual violence, especially against women and children, is a serious problem in Indonesia. Cases are increasing every year, including incest, which involves sexual relations between close family members. Girls, who are often considered weak and vulnerable, are the main victims. The latest data from the National Commission on Violence Against Women records a decrease in incest cases from 1,210 in 2017 to 215 in 2020. However, attention is still needed, especially because biological fathers are the largest perpetrators. This research uses the Naïve Bayes algorithm for sentiment analysis. This algorithm is an effective classification method based on Bayes' theorem with simple assumptions but is quite effective. Assuming that each feature in the data is independent, Naïve Bayes can work well in text analysis. The research results showed an accuracy rate of 94%. Continued attention to sexual violence, especially incest, is needed to protect vulnerable girls. Protection efforts must continue to be improved, including the application of sentiment analysis methods such as Naïve Bayes for monitoring and early detection. Public awareness and cross-sector cooperation are also key in overcoming this phenomenon.

‘Water resource’ framing for the value and governance of glacier water availability in the semi-arid Chilean Andes

Water scarcity associated with glacier retreat in mountainous regions is of growing concern worldwide, especially in arid regions, where precipitation is scarce or seasonal. Scientists and decision makers aim to respond to glacier driven water scarcity by improving glacier protection and developing water resource management strategies. Despite the increasingly prominent ‘water resource’ lens for understanding the changing mountain cryosphere, little research has investigated what this framing means for how different actors value, study, manage, and protect cryospheric water stores. This paper therefore presents a critical analysis of how we conceptualise the importance of glaciers. Specifically, this paper examines how environmental campaigns, scientific research, and policy interact to make glaciers into a water resource, and how this impacts glacier protection. Focusing on a case study of glacier management and protection in the Chilean Andes, the motivations and processes that made glaciers into a water resource in Chile are examined, and the impacts of this for glacier protection in a country where glaciers are exposed to threats from climate change and the mining industry are explored. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with experts in glacier science, policy, and environmental campaigning, and documents associated with managing glaciers as a water resource in Chile. The research shows how, in response to mining threats, glaciers were strategically framed as water resources by environmental campaigners to improve Chilean state protection. This framing was institutionalised within Chile’s water resource management system through science and policy, resulting in some successful protection legislation. However, this resource framing has also integrated glaciers into a system which inherently limits their protection, because their protection is conditional on the shifting ways glaciers are valued for storing and releasing water to downstream communities and ecosystems. Here, we highlight processes that make glaciers into a resource, demonstrate that glaciological knowledge is not directly translated into policy, and importantly, show how managing glaciers as a resource may limit, or even undermine glacier protection efforts. As concern globally grows about water scarcity driven by glacial retreat, these findings are vital for the development of glacier protections and effective management of glacial water.

Legal Protection of Women's Rights after Divorce

Divorce results in the termination of the marital relationship, and there are several main reasons that lead to divorce, including the death of one spouse, the decision of the husband or wife to end the marriage, or a judge's decision based on issues within the household. This research uses normative research methodology. A statute approach is used to analyze legal issues related to regulations governing the fulfillment of obligations from the ex-husband to the ex-wife after divorce. Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage explicitly regulates the obligation to provide maintenance to the ex-wife after divorce. This provision states that in cases of divorce that result in the termination of the marriage, the ex-husband is required to bear the living expenses of the ex-wife and/or make certain decisions that benefit the ex-wife. However, in reality, the low awareness of ex-husbands in fulfilling the ex-wife's rights after a court decision becomes a major concern regarding how legal protection efforts ensure women's rights are upheld. The rights that can be claimed by the ex-wife after divorce include maintenance, muta'ah, mahr, hadhanah costs, and the division of joint property.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF YEI PEOPLE'S KNOWLEDGE OF LOCAL MEDICINES AND MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM EXTINCTION

Food security investments have brought conflict between local indigenous communities and the government in South Papua. The research aims to encourage protection and recognition efforts from the state towards indigenous peoples' entities. This research uses socio-legal studies. The research found sixteen plants that function as medicine. Inventory in the form of "recording" communal intellectual property is the first step to protecting all communal intellectual property that has never been recorded before. The Yei Indigenous People or the local government should work together to register with the Ministry to obtain rights to communal intellectual property, which will impact state action in protecting and defending communal intellectual property rights.

Fulfillment of the Health Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and regulates the right to health services through Law Number 8 of 2016, but there are still challenges in ensuring equal access for people with disabilities in Indonesia. Lack of accessibility of health facilities and discrimination faced by people with disabilities. Using normative legal research methods and statutory provision approaches, this article examines how persons with disabilities can exercise their rights and how the Government of Indonesia implements policies to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. The results show that despite legal protection efforts, gaps still exist in terms of physical accessibility and health services for people with disabilities. Many facilities do not meet accessibility standards, and medical personnel's understanding of the rights of people with disabilities is still limited. Even though several regulations in Indonesia emphasize equal access to health services, much attention is still paid to the issue of physical accessibility, inadequate information, and lack of understanding and awareness on the part of healthcare providers. To achieve equal access for people with disabilities, it is necessary to strengthen legal protection and implement policies and concrete steps in improving facilities, information, and education for health workers.

Adapted RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios for invasive Sus scrofa in Mexico

Climate change is a common factor that contributes to the growth or decline of animal populations. The present study, conducted using the Species Distribution Model, highlights the fact that despite the recognized negative impact of wild boar (Sus scrofa) on semi-natural areas and agricultural systems worldwide, the species remains poorly studied. According to projections for Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, increased clusters of wild boar abundance are expected to emerge around fragmented species assemblages by 2070. Sus scrofa is an extremely destructive and rapidly spreading invasive species whose movement appears to be facilitated by humans. As a consequence, many endemic plants are threatened with extinction. Biological corridors between fragments with poor conservation status should be linked to priority areas for adequate protection. The creation of preserved landscapes in territories separated from semi-natural ecosystems is recommended. Additionally, these measures can help mitigate the negative impact of S. scrofa on local biodiversity. Continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies will be crucial for long-term conservation of the affected areas. Environmental protection efforts must prioritize the restoration of natural habitats and the implementation of strict regulations to control the spread of this invasive species. Collaborations between conservation organizations, governments, farmers, and local communities are essential to ensure effective wild boar management and the preservation of arable land and forests. Moreover, public awareness campaigns about the environmental impact of wild boar and the importance of conservation efforts are critical for garnering broader support.