Approach For Protection Research Articles

A Comprehensive Approach For Data Protection and Privacy in Cloud Computing

A Comprehensive Approach For Data Protection and Privacy in Cloud Computing

Amide-Based Naphthotubes as Biomimetic Receptors for Acetal Protection and Other Substrates in Water via Noncovalent Interactions.

Active compound protection can allow inherently unstable molecules to be stabilized and latent reactivity to be masked. Synthetic receptors are attractive in terms of providing such protection. Nevertheless, preserving the activity and functionality of organic molecules in water poses a challenge. Here, we show that biomimetic receptors, specifically amide naphthotubes and an amide anthryltube, allow the efficient preservation of functional organic molecules in water. In particular, the amide naphthotubes were found to extend the half-lives of acetal-containing substrates ("acetals") against acid-catalyzed hydrolysis by up to 3000 times. This kinetic protection effect was ascribed to hydrogen bond-based recognition of the organic guests. A substrate dependence was seen that was further exploited to achieve the kinetic resolution of acetal isomers. To the best of our knowledge, the present study constitutes one of the most effective acetal protection strategies reported to date. The recognition-based protection approach reported here appears generalizable as evidenced by the protection of eight different substrates against six distinct chemical reactions. Based on the present findings, we propose that it is possible to design receptors that provide for the protection of specific substrates under a variety of reaction conditions including those carried out in water.

Implementation of comprehensive watershed management and sediment control approaches in Anzali wetland protection

Implementation of comprehensive watershed management and sediment control approaches in Anzali wetland protection

Aqua Barrier: Polypropylene/Stearic Acid-Infused Zn-ZnO-Cu Multilayer Superhydrophobic Coatings on Steel for Enhancing Anti-Microbial and Anti-Corrosion Efficiency

This study investigates the enhancement of anti-microbial efficiency, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance, by depositing a multilayer Cu and Zn/Zno superhydrophobic (SH) coating modified with polypropylene/stearic acid (PP/SA) on steel. The electrodeposition of Cu and Zn on steel results in a unique leaves and cotton-like structures, increasing the hydrophobicity with a contact angle(CA) of 157°, up from 24° for bare steel. Further modification with polypropylene and stearic acid (PP/SA) maximises the contact angle to 167° and minimises the Fsl value to 1.34%, resulting in improved surface energy reduction and increased hydrophobicity. The anti-microbial efficiency of the polypropylene-stearic acid-modified Zn-Cu SH coating demonstrates a remarkable zone of inhibition of 30 mm, which is 300 times more effective than bare steel against E.coli Bacteria. The micro- and nano-scale roughness of the SH surface creates a challenging environment for microbial adhesion, reducing the risk of contamination by minimising contact area and inhibiting attachment. Corrosion resistance, evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit voltage (OCV), revealed exceptional performance, a corrosion rate of 0.00153 mm year −1 with a polarisation resistance of 12200 Ω.cm2, and a charge transfer resistance of 600000 Ω. cm2. The nanostructured coating traps air to minimise contact area, providing superior corrosion protection. This study demonstrates that the Cu-Zn SH coating modified by PP/SA significantly enhances anti-microbial, hydrophobic, and corrosion-resistant properties, providing a promising approach for steel surface protection.

Japan's legal framework for copyright protection of AI‐generated works: A comparative law analysis exploring the possibility of Japan's adoption of the UK legislative approach

AbstractThis paper examines the legal policy for copyright protection of artificial intelligence (AI) generated‐works that are autonomously created by AI models without a human's creative process in Japan from the perspective of a comparative law analysis between Japan and the United Kingdom. In summary, this paper concludes that the legal policy‐making approach for copyright protection of AI‐generated works within the framework of Japanese copyright law should involve: (a) addressing concerns about legal consistency through careful selection of a legislative measure; and, therefore, (b) directing the focus of legal policy discussions towards considerations of legal eligibility, moving beyond discussions on legal consistency. This entails an analysis of the strict necessity for copyright protection of AI‐generated works within the prevailing social environment in Japan. First, the focal point of the legal eligibility discussions should focus on a possible loss of market demand for human creations and necessity of social defence to human creations (social defence function for human creations logic) in Japan. In addition, based on the social incentive protection theory, it should be emphasised that the second purpose of incorporation of copyright protection for AI‐generated works under Japanese copyright law is to promote future Japanese industry's investment in AI technologies (AI industry's investment promotion logic), which will indirectly contribute to the cultural advancement in society (Berne Convention's cultural advancement logic). The author expects that the conclusion presented in this paper will accelerate more intensive social scientific analysis work on legal eligibility of the legal policy for copyright protection of AI generated‐works.

Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Analysis (CNS) in Mangrove Leaves in the Creek Ecosystem: An Indicator of Coastal Marine Pollution

AbstractThe stable isotopes ratio and elemental composition in the mangrove leaves are excellent indicators for coastal marine pollution. The present study investigated the composition of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur, δ13C and δ15N values in mangrove leaves to identify the source of pollution and energy to the mangroves in the creek ecosystem of Mumbai Harbour Bay. The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ2H) of leaf water were estimated to understand the relative contribution of freshwater and seawater to the mangrove's water source. The Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur contents were found to vary from 37.79 to 42.55% (Average: 40.06 ± 1.54%), 2.13–3.79% (Average: 2.94 ± 0.45%) and 0.37–0.81% (Average: 0.53 ± 0.14%) in the mangrove leaves, respectively. The δ13C and δ15N values were found to vary from − 30.43 to − 28.41‰ (Average: − 29.46 ± 0.74‰) and from − 2.67 to 5.54‰ (Average: 2.21 ± 3.20%), respectively. The δ18O and δ2H values were found to vary from − 2.7 to 0.83‰ and − 6.86 to 5.43‰ with an average of − 0.94 ± 0.83 and − 2.03 ± 3.52‰ respectively. According to the observed δ18O and δ2H values, mangroves in the northern part had a relatively higher contribution of freshwater input compared to southern part of the study area. The lower values of δ15N towards the northern end of the creek indicate a relatively higher contribution of nitrogen from industrial discharges. Similar values of δ13C in mangrove in the region suggest a common source of carbon. Mangroves found near discharge locations have different elemental composition and δ15N values compared to those mangroves that are not located near discharge location. These differences can be used as potential markers to identify the coastal marine pollution. The results of the present study may be used for developing rational approaches for protection and conservation of the mangrove ecosystem in the bay.

Unveiling the potential of a protease inhibitor from Pleiogynium cerasiferum to combat Helicoverpa armigera by employing sequential purification and multivariate statistical analysis

Crop protection is heavily dependent on the use of chemical pesticides that are not only toxic but also detrimental to the environment. To minimize the chemical approaches of crop protection, this study investigates a natural protease inhibitor PCPI (Pleiogynium cerasiferum protease inhibitor) extracted from the seeds of Pleiogynium cerasiferum as a viable bioresource with biopesticidal properties. PCPI demonstrated inhibitory activity of 92% against bovine trypsin and 89% against Helicoverpa armigera's midgut proteolytic enzymes. Characterization of PCPI revealed a 24 kDa protein with critical inhibitory concentrations of 1.53 µg/ml for H. armigera midgut proteases and 1.31 µg/ml for bovine trypsin. At the concentration of 0.5% (w/w) of PCPI, the deformities in pupae were ~ 82%, adult insects ~ 87%, and egg-laying as well as egg hatching capacity dropped by ~ 81% and 17% respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), complemented by hierarchical clustering, was applied to assess the nuanced effects of PCPI across the pest's lifecycle. The analysis identified deformities in pupae, adult, adult emergence, and notably, egg laying reduction as variables most responsive to PCPI concentrations. Hierarchical clustering analysis corroborated these PCA findings indicating a concentrated influence on developmental stages and reproduction metrics, signifying the multifaceted impact of PCPI. These insights affirm PCPI's promise as a cornerstone of eco-friendly pest management strategies.

THE PERSPECTIVE OF PLURALISTIC SOCIETY ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL ERA AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT

In the digital era, intellectual property rights (IPR) face unprecedented challenges due to rapid technological advancements and the global accessibility of digital content. This study examines the impact of digital developments on copyright infringement in Indonesia, a diverse and pluralistic society, and analyzes effective legal approaches for copyright protection within its unique socio-cultural context. Employing a normative-juridical approach, the research explores existing legal frameworks, including Indonesia’s Copyright Law and the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, to assess their capacity to address issues related to digital copyright infringement and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in both enforcing and infringing copyright. By analyzing relevant statutes and applying a conceptual approach, the study evaluates the extent to which current legal mechanisms support creators' rights while balancing cultural values. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s legal framework requires adaptive and culturally relevant modifications to effectively protect copyright in a digitally connected, multicultural society. This research contributes to the discourse on digital copyright law, emphasizing the need for flexible regulations and collaborative efforts among government, communities, and stakeholders to foster compliance and awareness. Future research is recommended to focus on adaptive regulatory models that integrate technology with IPR protection and explore international cooperation to address the global challenges of digital copyright.

Data Security and Data Protection in Cloud Privacy Systems

In this modern world, the internet has become very influential in our daily lives. The Internet has many uses to solve various problems, one of which is full hardware storage, therefore the Internet provides software-based data, for example, cloud storage applications. The study aims to analyze and evaluate various data security techniques and protection methods used in the cloud computing framework, focusing on vulnerability identification, risk mitigation strategy assessment, and user security awareness improvement. In addition, this study aims to analyze data security techniques and data protection approaches applied to cloud systems. In addition, the study also assesses potential risks and mitigates security threats such as cyberattacks and data breaches. Using qualitative methodologies, the study investigated relevant literature, examined real-life cases of data breaches, and analyzed the effectiveness of security measures such as encryption and multi-factor authentication. The findings show that cloud systems remain vulnerable to cyber threats like DDoS attacks, credential theft, and data breaches due to inadequate security protocols. Key recommendations include adopting encryption, improved multi-factor authentication practices, and encouraging collaboration between cloud service providers and users to strengthen data security. The research contributes by proposing a comprehensive approach to improving data protection in cloud environments, ensuring a secure and resilient infrastructure for users. Implementing these findings will support the development of more secure cloud technologies and increase user confidence in data security practices. It is hoped that the study's results can provide recommendations to improve data security and data protection in cloud systems.

Integrating fault detection and classification in microgrids using supervised machine learning considering fault resistance uncertainty

Microgrids (MGs) can enhance the consumers’ reliability. Nevertheless, besides significant outcomes, some challenges arise. Regarding the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs), MGs are not operated radially. Accordingly, the reliable protection of MGs considering uncertainty in RESs is crucial for planners and operators. This paper uses data analysis to extract knowledge from locally available measurements using RMS values of symmetrical components. The learning-based characteristic of the suggested technique with a low computational burden exempts the need for an available communication infrastructure in the MG. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique is applied to train the Intelligent Electronic Devices to have a reliable MG protection scheme. The proposed method, which performs fault detection and classification together, just requires local information and functions effectively to discriminate faulty from normal conditions considering different uncertainty of resistance faults. Digital simulations on an MV test network were conducted to construct an appropriate database to consider some aspects of uncertainty in the network. The various faults considering their uncertainty, the different modes of operation, the uncertainty of RESs generation, and the load levels are combined to produce myriad scenarios. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive protection approach in accurately distinguishing different system modes and consistently protecting the MG, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.75%. Furthermore, it offers the MG an optimal protection scheme that is not limited by selectivity constraints across diverse conditions.

Legal regulation of personal data protection: GDPR and the legislation of the USA, Canada, and Ukraine

The article provides a detailed analysis of the legal regulation of personal data protection in various jurisdictions, including the European Union, the United States, Canada, and Ukraine. Special attention is given to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which is one of the strictest international standards in this field. The main provisions of the GDPR are examined, such as the principles of lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, and data minimization, as well as the rights of data subjects, including the right to access, rectification, and erasure of data. The impact of GDPR on international businesses is analyzed, showing how it has forced companies worldwide to adapt their data processing systems to comply with European legal requirements. The section on the United States focuses on California state law, particularly the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which grants citizens rights over their personal data. Although the U.S. legislative framework is fragmented compared to GDPR, the CCPA is a significant step toward protecting the privacy of American citizens. Canadian legislation is represented by the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), which ensures the protection of personal data in commercial relationships. PIPEDA strikes a balance between business interests and citizens’ rights, providing flexibility in the use of personal data while adhering to principles of transparency and consent. The article also analyzes the process of harmonizing Ukraine’s legislation with the GDPR, which is a crucial step in the context of the country’s integration into the European legal space. Ukrainian legal reforms focus on strengthening citizens’ rights and improving mechanisms for controlling personal data processing. The article offers a comparative analysis of the discussed legal systems, highlighting key differences in data protection approaches. Unlike the EU, where regulation is comprehensive and stringent, U.S. laws are fragmented. In Canada, PIPEDA creates a more flexible system oriented toward the commercial sector. Ukraine, meanwhile, is on its way to full harmonization with European standards, which will enhance the legal protection of citizens in the digital economy.

Semi‐Blind Watermarking and Blockchain‐Based Approach for Copyright Protection of Medical Images

ABSTRACTThe security of Digital Healthcare Records (DHR) data remains significantly under‐researched, despite the extensive research conducted on watermarking for healthcare applications. This article introduces strong and secure watermarking algorithms designed to ensure the transmission and storage of DHR in blockchain‐based healthcare applications. The suggested method uses Non‐Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) along with Multi‐Resolution Singular Value Decomposition (MRSVD) to add watermark data to the medical host image with as little distortion as possible. NSST has the advantage of being resistant to shift and is effective at gathering more directional data. To protect the image from unwanted access, the watermarked image is encrypted using Hybrid Chaotic Shift Transform and modified Henon Maps, rendering it resilient against various signal processing attacks. Additionally, Blockchain technology is implemented for the transfer of marked images, eliminating the necessity for any untrustworthy third party. The experimental findings of the watermarking technology demonstrate substantial resilience to various attacks while preserving the high quality of the marked image with the average PSNR and NC values of 55.03124 dB and 0.999203, respectively. This strategy demonstrates superior robustness compared to existing methods, with an optimal enhancement of 47.74%.

Integration of a solid oxide electrolysis system with solar thermal and electrical energy: A testing campaign for operation and control strategy definition

AbstractThe EU project PROMETEO has the scope of testing a 25 kW solid oxide electrolysis system integrated with a concentrated solar power plant via thermal energy storage in a relevant environment. Given the plant layout and the hydrogen demand characteristics, this work aims to identify how to operate the system effectively when renewable electricity is unavailable and how to modulate the load during hydrogen generation, thus defining the system's operation modes and control strategy. A 5 kWe stack has been tested at the FBK facility. The hot standby tests show that feeding a reducing gas at the negative electrode and air at the positive electrode, without polarizing the stack, effectively keeps the stack hot at 750°C and prevents degradation. Conversely, the electric protection approach leads to significant stack degradation (15% voltage drop in 200 h for one cluster). Regarding modulation of hydrogen generation, with low steam flowrates, the stack current and the flow rate of produced hydrogen mainly depend on the steam flow rate, while it is not affected by the stack temperature; conversely, with high steam flowrates, the current depends only on the stack temperature (from 25 A at 670°C to 65 A at 760°C). Based on the results, two hot standby modes and two load control strategies to be implemented and tested in the PROMETEO prototype are proposed.

Temporary protection, refugee fatigue and political discontent in European Union cities of refuge

Experience with the recent activation of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) in the European Union has demonstrated its virtues as an emergency policy response to mass influx situations. However, in the absence of a long-term strategy to alleviate pressure, there is a risk that a sense of fatigue will emerge and intensify in cities of refuge, with this commentary presenting prima facie evidence of this issue. To mitigate the potential effect that refugee fatigue might have in terms of political discontent, we advocate a new temporary protection approach that embraces a genuine multi-level governance that recognises cities as key actors in refugee reception. The paradigm shift should prioritise cities when allocating funds to build reception capacity, as well as acknowledge the urgency of city-led relocation initiatives to alleviate the strain on overburdened cities. Finally, this commentary suggests the need to address one of the main drivers of fatigue: the uncertainty regarding the future for millions of Ukrainians once the TPD expires.

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via yolk–heteroshell TiO2@TiO2/SiO2 nanoreactor with confined Pt nanoparticles

The upper limit of photocatalytic efficiency is largely determined by the light-harvesting capability of a semiconductor. To address this challenge, we developed a yolk-heteroshell TiO2@TiO2/SiO2 (T@T/S) nanoreactor, leveraging a novel design based on an in-depth understanding and innovative utilization of light-matter interactions. The T@T/S nanoreactor significantly enhances solar light capture and utilization efficiency through total internal reflection mechanisms facilitated by the heterogeneous shell. This heteroshell, consisting of an outer SiO2 shell an inner monolayer of TiO2 nanoparticles, maximizes light confinement due to the different refractive indices of SiO2 and TiO2, while also minimizing mass transfer resistance due to the thin inner shell layer. These unique structural features result in high photocatalytic activity under simulated solar light. Additionally, we successfully applied a “ship-in-a-bottle” strategy for the confined growth of platinum nanoparticles within T@T/S nanoreactor. The Pt0.5-T@T/S nanoreactors demonstrated excellent hydrogen production, achieving a hydrogen evolution rate of 24.43 mmol g−1h−1 under simulated sunlight and an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 7.8 % at 350 nm. This study highlights the importance of nano-engineered designs in optimizing semiconductor photocatalysts and shows the significant potential of our approach for sustainable energy conversion and environmental protection.

Immunomodulatory hydrogel patches loaded with curcumin and tannic acid assembled nanoparticles for radiation dermatitis repair and radioprotection

Radiation dermatitis, as a major side effect of radiotherapy, is a form of skin injury linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Development of functional patches with excellent ROS scavenging ability and biosafety is crucial for radioactive dermatitis repair. Herein, we present a nanohybrid hydrogel patch composed with natural-derived substances. The patch possesses dual functionalities of chemically scavenging ROS and physically absorbing radiation, thereby alleviating radiation damage. Curcumin@tannic acid (Cur@TA) nanoparticles are synthesized through spontaneous coordination of TA and iron ions (Fe3+), enabling the encapsulation of Cur. The nanoparticles are then loaded into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel patches, which endow the hydrogel with tissue adhesion as well as photothermal properties. Simultaneously, the patch exhibits powerful ROS scavenging capability and promotes M2 polarization of macrophages. Additionally, the high-water content of the GelMA hydrogel enables physical absorption of low-energy X-rays, providing radiation shielding. Based on these characteristics, we have demonstrated the augmented therapeutic efficacy of the hydrogel patch loaded with Cur@TA nanoparticles in the mouse model of radiation dermatitis. Our findings introduce a novel therapeutic approach for radiation protection and treatment, with potential clinical applications.

Sustainable Pest Management: As an Alternative to Chemical Pesticides

It is critically necessary to make a major transition to a whole system approach for crop protection in order to address the growing environmental and economic effects of managing agricultural pests. The use of chemical pesticides, which can kill non-target species, pollute water supplies, and destroy ecosystems, is lessened through the use of sustainable pest management (SPM). SPM reduces ecological disturbance by utilising biological controls, natural predators, and other eco-friendly techniques. SPM encourages crop diversification, the application of natural enemies, and ecological farming methods that increase biodiversity. As a result, insect outbreaks are decreased and ecosystem resilience is increased.

Blockchain for video watermarking: An enhanced copyright protection approach for video forensics based on perceptual hash function.

As a direct result of advancements in digital technology and the Internet, the copyright protection and information integrity of multimedia that are being published across the Internet have emerged as a major and urgent issue that needs to be addressed. The technique of digital watermarking may be used to protect intellectual property. In terms of authentication, resilience, storage, and capacity of digital watermarking information, there is still room for development. Blockchain's potential in video copyright protection and management applications has motivated researchers. Copyright owners and consumers may now communicate directly via copyright protection apps built on the blockchain, eliminating the need for distributers and the associated fees. Nonetheless, the current blockchain-based video watermarking solutions require storing a significant number of coordinates depending on the watermark size and are susceptible to video frame attacks on the video frame texture region. This study proposes an enhanced video copyright management approach that incorporates digital watermarking, the blockchain, and a perceptual hash function. Watermark information is stored on a blockchain structure, which also acts as a timestamp for verification purposes. To verify watermark data without the source video, a perceptual hash function is employed to compute a hash value based on the structural information of video frames. The contribution is in learning how to extract a hash function from a small number of video frames that still adequately represent a large amount of video content while also reducing the number of unnecessary video frames and the amount of computation required to summarize and index that content in a blockchain. This expedites the dissemination of copyrighted works and increases their security and readability, hence facilitating their circulation on the Internet. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach is memory efficient, as it only needs to store one key for each key frame, regardless of the size of the watermark. Additionally, the overall robustness is greatly improved by using the blockchain's random hash function. Therefore, new and important advancements in video watermarking have been realized because of this effort.

Forest tree extracts induce resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Arabidopsis.

The widespread use of conventional pesticides for plant pathogen control poses significant risks to human health and the environment, and it is therefore crucial to develop environmentally friendly, human-safe alternatives to these products that offer a sustainable approach for crop protection. Here, we examined the potential of ethanolic extracts from four forest tree species for their antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogenPseudomonas syringaepv.tomato (Pst) and their ability to trigger effective defense responses in the model plantArabidopsis thaliana. The extracts exhibited direct toxic effects against Pst and triggered the expression of defense-related genes naturally induced by oxidative stress cues or the defense elicitor salicylic acid in leaf tissue. The direct antibacterial effects of the tree extracts, together with their defense gene-inducing effectsin planta, resulted in a strong host plant-protecting effect againstPst. These findings suggest the eventual effectiveness of forest tree extracts as plant protectants against the bacterial pathogenPst. They also suggest the potential of these extracts as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional pesticides for the management of economically important plant pathogens.

Plasma-assisted particle deposition manufacturing: Multi-functional integrated superhigh temperature thermal protection coating on niobium alloy

Multi-functional integrated thermal protection coating is a promising approach for the high-temperature protection of niobium alloy while facing multiple extremely harsh environments, while hard to avoid the complex/multi-step preparation process. Particularly, a simultaneous demonstration of multi-functional features is still challenging. Herein, a novel HfC-HfO2-MoSi2-Yb2O3 multi-functional layer has been fabricated on the NbSi2 layer surface via plasma-assisted particle deposition manufacturing, endowing the modified silicide-based multilayer composite coating with multiple thermal protective characteristics. The composite coating shows excellent hot corrosion resistance with a corrosion gain of 3.56 mg cm−2 after 200 h, the intact coating structure after three thermal cycles of fast rise and fall from 25 °C–1800 °C, and a high thermal emissivity of above 0.9, as well as the good high-temperature oxidation resistance and ablation resistance demonstrated in our previous study. The superior multiple thermal protective characteristics are attributed to the synergistic effects of multi-functional particles. HfC particle provides the anti-ablation skeleton, MoSi2 particle provides more SiO2 glass phase and seals defects, Yb2O3 particle acts as the stabilizer of glass network, and matching vibration absorption of multiphase/multi-chemical bonds endow the high emissivity of coating. Our work paves the new way and provides an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for the development of a new class of multi-functional integrated thermal protection materials.