Abstract
It is critically necessary to make a major transition to a whole system approach for crop protection in order to address the growing environmental and economic effects of managing agricultural pests. The use of chemical pesticides, which can kill non-target species, pollute water supplies, and destroy ecosystems, is lessened through the use of sustainable pest management (SPM). SPM reduces ecological disturbance by utilising biological controls, natural predators, and other eco-friendly techniques. SPM encourages crop diversification, the application of natural enemies, and ecological farming methods that increase biodiversity. As a result, insect outbreaks are decreased and ecosystem resilience is increased.
Published Version
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