Protection System Research Articles

What about the Workers? An Update.

Epidemiological studies of nuclear industry workers are of substantial importance to understanding the risk of cancer consequent to low-level exposure to radiation, and these studies should provide vital evidence for the construction of the international system of radiological protection. Recent studies involve large numbers of workers and include health outcomes for workers who accumulated moderate (and even high) doses over prolonged periods while employed during the earlier years of the nuclear industry. The interpretation of the findings of these recent studies has proved to be disappointingly difficult. There are puzzling patterns of results involving the period of first employment and monitoring for radionuclide intakes, depending on the particular study examined. Explaining these patterns is crucial for a reliable understanding of results in terms of occupational radiation exposure. In this paper, an updated review of nuclear worker studies is presented in the context of these patterns of results, making use of the latest relevant results. It is apparent that the strikingly raised risks for mortality from solid cancers for workers hired in later years reported from the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS) is effectively confined to workers at five nuclear facilities in the USA, and that the notable variation of risks in INWORKS between workers monitored or not for radionuclide intakes is driven by UK workers. These are the areas where effort must be concentrated before a confident derivation of radiation risk estimates can be obtained from these nuclear worker studies.&#xD.

Research on restraint strategies for rearward-reclined occupants in a frontal rigid barrier crash.

Autonomous driving technology has led to an increasing preference for rearward seating postures. However, current restraint systems exhibit significant shortcomings in protecting reclined occupants. In this paper, based on the existing restraint system components, various restraint strategies were configured to enhance the protection for reclined occupants. Firstly, this research developed a model of the driver-side restraint system and validated its accuracy; secondly, it analyzed the kinematic response and damage of the occupants with the protection of the conventional restraint system; and then, based on the characteristics of the occupant's kinematic response, it put forward three kinds of restraint strategies. The results indicated that incorporating larger airbags and additional knee bolsters could significantly enhance the protective effectiveness of the restraint system. This strategy achieved reduction of 18.9% in HIC15ms, 2.6% in maximum stress on the cervical spine, 17% in maximum chest compression, 4% in maximum rib strain, and 21% in axial force on the legs. The research findings offer valuable insights for the future design of protection systems for reclined occupants.

MINDPRES: A Hybrid Prototype System for Comprehensive Data Protection in the User Layer of the Mobile Cloud

MINDPRES: A Hybrid Prototype System for Comprehensive Data Protection in the User Layer of the Mobile Cloud

Arrests among adolescents with a history of foster care placements in group home settings.

Approximately 5% of children and adolescents in foster care are placed in group home settings, with adolescents making up the largest age group in these placements. Group home placement is designed to support individuals with high acuity or specialized needs that cannot be met in a family-based setting. Prior research has highlighted the vulnerabilities of adolescents in group homes, including behavioral issues, mental health concerns, and juvenile justice system involvement. The current study investigated the relationship between placement status and arrest rates among adolescents experiencing a group home placement. Child protection system records from California were used to identify adolescents (aged 13-17) who were placed in group homes in 2014 (n=2437). These records were linked to California Department of Justice arrest records for 2014 and 2015. Descriptive differences in arrest status were examined by demographics and placement status after initial group home placements with t-tests and logistic regression. The association between placement setting and likelihood of arrest was examined with survival analysis. In our population of adolescents who experienced a group home placement, 16.7% were arrested during the study window. Adjusted hazard ratios for arrest were higher when adolescents lived in group homes (aHR=1.57, p=.029) or ran away from care (aHR=5.62, p<.001), compared to periods in which adolescents had transitioned to reunification or guardianship. During periods where adolescents were in family foster care settings, arrest rates were comparable to those who had exited to reunification or guardianship. Periods when an adolescent was in a group home setting were associated with a heightened rate of arrest compared to those reunified with their families. We also found that arrests commonly occurred and reoccurred for young people residing in group homes, underscoring the need to understand whether specific protocols and practices in these facilities contribute to increased arrests.

Challenges of Religious and Cultural Diversity in the Child Protection System with Children Migrating “Alone” in Catalonia and Melilla

Challenges of Religious and Cultural Diversity in the Child Protection System with Children Migrating “Alone” in Catalonia and Melilla

"Why Do We Have to be Almost Dead to Qualify for Help?": Criminal Legal and Protection System Responses to Intimate Partner Violence Against Indigenous Women in Canada.

Analyzing 30 one-on-one qualitative interviews with Indigenous women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), this article provides a critical examination of responses to IPV by criminal legal and related systems of intervention, such as child and family services. More specifically, the article analyzes the voiced experiences of Indigenous women who sought support from systems designed to address IPV and gendered and sexualized violence. Grounded in Indigenous feminist thought and theories of settler colonial gendered violence, the study reveals that in the context of ongoing settler colonial gendered violence, Indigenous women survivors of IPV victimization in Canada were overwhelmingly met with revictimization and violence by the systems tasked with anti-violence intervention. The article considers decolonial approaches to responding to IPV against Indigenous women that foreground the strength and sovereignty of Indigenous women.

Learning from each other. An autoethnographic exploration of two child welfare systems with a north-south perspective – Norway and Botswana

ABSTRACT This paper uses a collaborative autoethnographicapproach to explore how the concepts of child welfare practicerelating to child participation, family involvement, cultural andlegal practices are experienced in Norway and Botswana child welfaresystems. These concepts form the main themes of this paper and wecritic them in light of the Global Typology of child welfare systems.Norway has a child rights protection system. We argue that Botswanafalls in between a child exploitation protective system and a childmaltreatment system. The paper demonstrates the following:Originality in developing own laws and structures seems to influenceconsistency in progress; Child protection systems are influenced bylegal frameworks that need to be revised frequently; Adapting lawsfrom external structures conflict with local cultural practices ofvalue; Emphasis on kinship, family and community as alternativesupport systems helps to keep children within their natural network;When the welfare state does not promote genuine equity and equalityfor the general population, resources become more strained forchildren at risk. The intention of this paper, in making reflectionson the Botswana and Norwegian child welfare systems, as well as ourautoethnographic voices is to ignite similar autoethnographicresearch among scholars and practitioners.

Deciphering the Blood-Brain Barrier Paradox in Brain Metastasis Development and Therapy.

Gatekeeper or accomplice? That is the paradoxical role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in developing brain metastasis (BM). BM occurs when cancerous cells from primary cancer elsewhere in the body gain the ability to metastasize and invade the brain parenchyma despite the formidable defense of the BBB. These metastatic cells manipulate the BBB's components, changing them from gatekeepers of the brain to accomplices that aid in their progression into the brain tissue. This dual role of the BBB-as both a protective system and a potential facilitator of metastatic cells-highlights its complexity. Even with metastasis therapy such as chemotherapy, BM usually recurs due to the BBB limiting the crossing of drugs via the efflux transporters; therefore, treatment efficacy is limited. The pathophysiology is also complex, and our understanding of the paradoxical interplay between the BBB components and metastatic cells still needs to be improved. However, advancements in clinical research are helping to bridge the knowledge gap, which is essential for developing effective metastasis therapy. By targeting the BBB neurovascular unit components such as the polarization of microglia, astrocytes, and pericytes, or by utilizing technological tools like focused ultrasound to transiently disrupt the BBB and therapeutic nanoparticles to improve drug delivery efficiency to BM tissue, we can better address this pathology. This narrative review delves into the latest literature to analyze the paradoxical role of the BBB components in the manifestation of BM and explores potential therapeutic avenues targeting the BBB-tumor cell interaction.

The Importance of Lung Innate Immunity During Health and Disease.

The lung is a vital organ for the body as the main source of oxygen input. Importantly, it is also an internal organ that has direct contact with the outside world. Innate immunity is a vital protective system in various organs, whereas, in the case of the lung, it helps maintain a healthy, functioning cellular and molecular environment and prevents any overt damage caused by pathogens or other inflammatory processes. Disturbances in lung innate immunity properties and processes, whether over-responsiveness of the process triggered by innate immunity or lack of responses due to dysfunctions in the immune cells that make up the innate immunity system of the lung, could be correlated to various pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss globally how the components of lung innate immunity are important not only for maintaining lung homeostasis but also during the pathophysiology of notable lung diseases beyond acute pulmonary infections, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Pollen-pistil interaction in Mauritia flexuosa: structural and cytological aspects provide insight into the reproductive success of a dioecious palm with supra-annual flowering in a semiarid environment.

The success of pollen-pistil interaction in Mauritia flexuosa (buriti), a palm adapted to the humid ecosystems, 'veredas', within the Cerrado, is influenced by intrinsic and environmental factors. Its supra-annual flowering, dioecy, and adverse climate conditions pose challenges for fertilization, therefore information on floral biology is essential. This study aimed to ascertain stigma receptivity, and elucidate structural, cytochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the pollen-pistil relationship. Flowers were analysed at intervals post-anthesis (hpa) and post-pollination (hpp). A stigma receptivity test was performed using H2O2 solution. Pistil samples were processed for anatomical, histochemical, and electron microscopy evaluation. The stigma is wet and papillate type, with subepidermis containing sclerenchyma connected to vascular bundles. Stigma receptivity lasts around 36 hpa. The pollen tube penetrates the papilla at 2 hpp and develops in the symplast, towards the stylar canal. The papillae have loose cell walls that facilitate the secretion and contain a rich population of organelles, including large peroxisomes. Fertilization occurs 24 hpp, and during this period the stigma surface is free of pathogens. The vascular connection to the pistil surface favours the germination of pollen grains. The pistil has a strong protective system until fertilization occurs. The symplastic growth of the pollen tube in the stigma and the efficient secretory apparatus of the pistil contribute to rapid fertilization. These structural characteristics and secretion dynamics enhance reproduction of buriti, even with supra-annual flowering and in semiarid conditions.

Database energy saving strategy using blockchain and Internet of Things

This paper aims to construct a green environmental protection system by advancing database energy-saving techniques and optimizing the energy-saving mechanism against the backdrop of blockchain integration. The protocol classification of wireless sensor networks is examined within the context of the rapid growth of information technology. The analysis draws upon the database storage and sharing model and recent research examples that connect blockchain and database technology. Additionally, the paper investigates the blockchain data structure and storage path by analyzing the spatial–temporal correlation properties of blockchain data. The findings demonstrate that increasing the number of network nodes in the database system within a reasonable range can reduce the overall execution time. Additionally, as time progresses, the query traffic of the system database continues to increase. The research has practical implications in the domains of databases and the Internet of Things.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ ЦИФРОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ У ФІНАНОВОМУ ОБЛІКУ

Abstract. Introduction. The constant development of technologies, changing forms of threats and the need to adapt to new conditions will require organizations to constantly improve their security systems. The purpose of this work is to systematize theoretical provisions and substantiate practical recommendations regarding the organization of protection of digital financial accounting data. Methods. In the process of research, the method of induction was used at the stage of collecting, processing and systematization of the received information, the method of analysis and synthesis - to combine the constituent elements of economic phenomena in a single process. Results. The essential characteristics of the concepts of information security, digital security and data cyber security in the context of economic security of the enterprise are revealed. A set of measures in the system of organizing digital security of financial accounting data has been identified. National and international legal acts, standards and recommendations define mandatory requirements for data storage, processing and transmission, thus providing a legal basis for the implementation of information security policies. The main directions of state policy in the field of information security have been determined. The state in which business entities currently work is accompanied by constant cyber-attacks both on the enterprises themselves and on the totality of their digital data in the field of accounting and taxation. The main measures to ensure cyber security for critical infrastructure enterprises have been determined. They singled out the main problems of digital information protection in accounting, namely: data leakage; software attacks; phishing and social engineering; malware. The main methods of preventing cyber threats are summarized. Recommendations on the organization of the system for ensuring the security of digital data in financial accounting have been formed. The actions of the accounting staff of the enterprise or the enterprise of the partner, which may create a threat of information leakage, are singled out. A set of information sources in need of protection has been identified. Conclusions. The digital information protection system should become an element of the company's accounting policy, and its implementation will contribute to the economic security of the business entity.

Cloud to surface lightning activity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea in the context of marine infrastructure safety

Lightning poses a significant threat to safety at sea and to marine infrastructure. Lightning protection systems are designed to withstand currents <200 kA; however, the theoretical limit of lightning intensity is 2–3 times higher. Lightning bolts with peak currents (PCs) greater than 100 kA, also known as Lightning Superbolts (LSBs) occur predominantly over the oceans, including the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In this study we analyzed the cloud to sea surface lightning activity in the Israeli Mediterranean Exclusive Economic Zone (IMEEZ) based on two global lightning detection networks and Israeli national detection network. The main findings of this survey indicate that 0.4% (n = 557) of the lightning strikes in the IMEEZ have a PC strength significantly higher than 200 kA with median and average PCs of 248 and 298 ± 122 kA (±1STD), respectively. The spatial distribution of the LSBs in the IMEEZ is relatively homogeneous. Considering that seawater salinization and acidification may increase lightning intensity over the IMEEZ by 25% until 2050, it is clear that the risk to marine infrastructure in the region will increase and appropriate steps should be taken to upgrade their lightning protection systems to withstand a PC of 400 kA, which is one STD above the calculated mean.

The Effectiveness and Mechanisms of China's Grain Support Policies in Relation to Grain Yield-An Evaluation of a Wide Range of Policies.

Objective evaluation and in-depth systematic analysis of the effectiveness of implementing a grain support policy series represent an important entry point for improving incentives to grow food, improving grain production support and protection systems, and guaranteeing national food security. Thus, we collected and organized grain support policies during the study period according to the government work reports of 31 provinces in China from 2001 to 2022 and applied a two-way fixed-effects model based on the variables constructed using textual analysis to further explore the effects of a range of grain support policies on grain production gains. The conclusions are as follows: (1) grain support policies significantly contributed to an increase in grain production; (2) grain production gains from grain support policies are more pronounced in less industrialized and disaster-affected areas; (3) a mechanism analysis showed that grain support policies enhanced grain production by expanding the scale of food cultivation, upgrading agricultural mechanization, and strengthening soil erosion control; and (4) further analysis showed that grain support policies increased pesticide use. These conclusions are of great significance for improving grain production support and protection systems, enhancing incentives for farmers to grow food and for local governments to control food, and achieving the goal of food security.

Electrospun nanofibers as controlled release systems for the combined pheromones of Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella.

As sex pheromones are environmentally friendly and specific, they are often used to monitor and control oriental fruit moths (OFMs). Currently, non-biodegradable polymers are commonly employed as carriers to prepare controlled sex pheromone release systems for plant protection. Electrospinning is a relatively simple technique for preparing biodegradable nanofibers that allows for the controlled release of sex pheromones. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable controlled release system for the combination of OFM pheromone and codlemone via electrospinning, in which codlemone was used as a synergist for OFM pheromone. New systems for the controlled release of combined pheromones from OFM and colding moths were developed using electrospun nanofibers from polycaprolactone (PCL), cellulose acetate (CA), and polylactic acid (PLA). In the indoor experiments, the load ratio and release stability of CA nanofibers loaded with combined pheromones (CA-SP) were superior to those of the other two nanofiber types. In the field experiments, among all the treatments, 10 mg of CA-SP was the most attractive to OFMs, and its effective duration was approximately 6 weeks. The optimum storage temperature for all nanofibers was -20 °C. Electrospun CA-SP nanofibers were biodegradable and environmentally friendly, with stable release. This study presents a new technique that could be beneficial for the monitoring and control of OFMs. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Constitutional protection of the electoral system: Slovak Republic in a comparative perspective.

Constitutional protection of the electoral system: Slovak Republic in a comparative perspective.

Full-Scale Fire Testing to Assess the Risk of Battery Electric Vehicle Fires in Underground Car Parks

Abstract Battery-only electric vehicle (BEV) fires have recently emerged as a significant safety concern in modern society, particularly when they occur in car parking spaces, where the consequences can be severe. While relatively few fatalities and injuries are reported, the associated economic losses are substantial. Car park structures present several challenges from a fire safety perspective, including high energy content, confined geometry, and difficulties in detecting and accessing to the fire’s origin due to smoke accumulation in spaces with limited ventilation and exits. This study investigates this fire hazard by conducting a full-scale fire test on a modern BEV in an instrumented test rig that simulates a segment of an underground car park. The data obtained were compared with standard fire curves to assess the hazard’s characteristics and with the data from a companion study to identify differences between BEV fires in underground and surface car parks. The primary difference observed was deflagration venting, which occurred shortly after the initial ignition of combustible gases accumulated beneath the ceiling, lasting until 13 min and 5 s. This phenomenon led to a rapid initial growth of the BEV fire, which burned more intensely for a shorter duration in the semi-enclosed configuration comparted to the open configuration. The enclosed fire recorded an average ceiling-jet temperature of approximately 1100°C and a peak incident heat flux exceeding 225 kW/m2. Additionally, thermal runaway within the lithium-ion battery cells was analysed to understand the adverse effects of the enclosed environment on thermal runaway propagation. This fire testing provides critical insights for developing firefighting strategies including the proper preparation of equipment and the design of fire protection systems. The principal findings could inform tactics for mitigating unforeseen fire risks and contribute to revisions of fire safety regulations.

Study on the construction of multi-level protection system for non-emergency transfer under the perspective of structuring

IntroductionThe non-emergency transfer multi-level protection system is a pivotal livelihood endeavor in China, serving as a vital diversified component within the robust framework of a Chinese-style modern social security system. This system faces various challenges, including displacement of emergency capacity by non-emergency demands, uneven allocation of transfer resources, service quality variations, inadequate management structures, limited regulatory frameworks, and social acceptance issues.MethodsLeveraging structural theory, this study analyzes the primary issues in the current implementation of China’s non-emergency transfer security system. A structured approach is employed to investigate these challenges and propose solutions.ResultsThe study identifies key areas for improvement in the non-emergency transfer security system. It highlights the need for an enhanced internal resource allocation mechanism to boost service efficiency, skilled workforce development to improve service quality, optimized management systems and coordination mechanisms to strengthen patient confidence in recovery, and strengthened comprehensive information technology management for market oversight.DiscussionThe proposed structured approach aims to foster sustainable development of the non-emergency transfer security system within a positive feedback loop. The recommendations aim to address the identified challenges and enhance the overall effectiveness of the system. By improving resource allocation, workforce skills, management systems, and information technology, the study suggests fostering deeper emotional engagement and connections, ultimately contributing to the system’s long-term success.

Ballistic Impact Study of an Aramid Fabric by Changing the Projectile Trajectory

Personal protective systems widely use aramid textile fabrics, whether in soft or rigid form, to protect against various types of ballistic threats. Ballistic impact refers to a high-velocity impact caused by a thrusting source, often involving a low-mass object. To use these materials effectively in structural applications, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of their ballistic behavior when subjected to high-velocity impact. Upon contact of the projectile with the ballistic material, complex ballistic penetration processes take place, which require a comprehensive and quantitative examination for a better understanding. This study aims to analyze the damage mechanism of aramid fabric by altering the projectile impact trajectory based on numerical simulations. We aim to obtain a thorough understanding of the behavior of the aramid fabric by performing numerical simulations and examining the penetration process in detail. The obtained results are analyzed based on the von Mises stress distribution (panel and projectile, projectile only, and main wires), projectile deformation, projectile velocity during ballistic impact, and based on photographs obtained during the impact.

Poverty Reduction Through Adaptive Social Protection and Spatial Poverty Model in Labuan Bajo, Indonesia’s National Strategic Tourism Areas

Despite Indonesia’s significant economic progress, certain regions, such as West Manggarai Regency in East Nusa Tenggara, continue to face persistent poverty challenges. While strategic tourism initiatives in Labuan Bajo have spurred regional development, the benefits have not reached local communities equitably, highlighting a disconnect between economic growth and community well-being. Addressing this gap requires an integrated approach that links social protection, disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, and economic diversification. This paper proposes an adaptive social protection (ASP) framework that aims to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations by integrating social protection systems with disaster preparedness and sustainable economic strategies. The research critically examines the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Kabupaten Manggarai Barat (2021–2026), identifying existing policy gaps and opportunities for improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study used cluster mapping and geographically weighted regression analysis to model and visualise poverty distribution alongside infrastructure conditions. These findings will inform the design of a targeted ASP programme to reduce poverty and build resilience to economic and environmental shocks. By aligning with sustainable development principles, the proposed framework addresses the dual goals of poverty reduction and disaster risk reduction. This study provides actionable recommendations for local governments to strengthen social protection mechanisms, promote inclusive economic growth, and ensure equitable distribution of tourism benefits. The findings provide a policy blueprint for promoting sustainable and inclusive development in West Manggarai Regency, with implications for similar contexts in other regions.