Protection Facilities Research Articles

Improvement of Safety Standards for Railway Station Platforms

This study compares and analyzes the fire safety standards of both domestic and international railway station platforms by investigating the installation status of fire protection facilities in platforms with a total floor area of over 5,000 m<sup>2</sup> in the Chungcheong region. The existing fire protection facilities require improvement in their standards by taking into account various factors, such as the location of railway stations, openness of platforms, and amount of combustible materials. The installation standards for fire protection facilities on platforms must be clearly defined and reinforced. Additionally, the installation of evacuation elevators is required for wheelchair users on underground station platforms without any open areas, as this would facilitate easy evacuation in the event of a fire.

Pemenuhan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dikaitkan dengan UU TPKS

Sexual violence is an act carried out through coercion that aims to fulfill the desires of the perpetrator regardless of the status of the relationship with the victim. Cases of sexual violence certainly have a negative effect on the victims. News about sexual crimes can easily be disseminated, especially since the world has entered the 4.0 era where all information can be easily disseminated using the internet and technology. So based on this, many of the victims are silent about the incident that happened to them because they are afraid that the negative impact will spread widely so that the victim will get ostracized in society. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the fulfillment of the rights of victims of crimes against sexual violence associated with the Law on Crimes of Sexual Violence. This journal method uses a qualitative type. The results of the analysis of this journal are that Law Number 12 of 2022 Articles 66-70 describes the rights of TPKS victims. Some of the rights of victims that are used as a scope include protecting victims from criminal prosecution, protecting against loss of access to politics, education, job transfers, and jobs, protecting victims from law enforcement officials if there is an act of demeaning officials, keeping the victim's identity confidential, protecting victims from violence or the perpetrator's threats, protection information is properly provided in accessing it, and provides protection facilities as well as information about victims' rights.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Working Conditions and Efficiency of Radiographers at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences' Radiology and CT Scan Imaging Centers

Background: Radiographers are highly skilled imaging technology users who work directly with COVID-19 cases. Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the working conditions and efficiency of radiographers and their level of satisfaction with personal protective equipment (PPE), cleaning supplies, and facilities during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among radiographers registered in the radiology and CT scan imaging centers of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and some private centers between June and October 2022. A questionnaire with 28 multiple-choice questions was used to collect information. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; the first part contained demographic information. In the second part, participants answered questions about changes in working conditions, such as changes in stress level, work efficiency, the need for more rest, imaging time, use of equipment, and personal protective equipment at work, based on their experiences and observations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Product Service Solutions (SPSS) software, version 26.0, with statistical significance assumed at a P-value < 0.05. Results: One hundred and fifty radiographers completed the questionnaire. The mean age and mean work experience of participants were 33.2 ± 8.3 years and 9 ± 7.2 years, respectively. The results showed that most participants of both sexes agreed that they needed more rest (P-value < 0.05); their work efficiency had not decreased significantly during the COVID-19 epidemic. The stress level of participants had significantly increased compared to before the epidemic. There were significant differences between government-owned hospitals and private radiology centers regarding the presence of a COVID-19-related protocol, the compulsory use of masks, the existence of decontamination instructions, the type of air decontamination, the contact with imaging equipment manufacturers, the timing of decontamination, and the type of decontamination applied to the imaging equipment (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the reduction in work efficiency among radiographers was not significant compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the study's results, radiographers' working conditions underwent numerous adjustments over the course of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Working conditions of commercial drivers: a scoping review of psychosocial work factors, health outcomes, and interventions

BackgroundPsychosocial work factors significantly influence both organisational and worker health. Poor management of these factors can create precarious working conditions, risking drivers’ health. This review maps evidence on the health impact of these factors and health interventions targeting the working conditions and unhealthy habits of commercial drivers.MethodThe search was conducted in four main databases (PubMed, Central, JSTOR and Dimensions Ai) and other sources like Google Scholar. In All, 28,039 articles were retrieved and through a rigorous screening process, 68 records were included in this scoping review.ResultsThis review found that drivers work in precarious conditions like long driving hours, low job resources and social support, low job control, poor remuneration, workplace abuse and sexual harassment, work-family conflict, lone driving hour, irregular shift work, lack or insufficient breaks during work hours and difficult access to social protection and sanitation facilities. These precarious working conditions may expose drivers to mental health issues, cardiovascular diseases, HIV/AIDs, stroke, chronic fatigue, kidney and bladder issues and musculoskeletal pains. Most health promotion interventions target behaviour at the individual level, such as the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise, with little effort to improving working conditions.ConclusionEmployers in the road transport sector need to implement health promotion interventions that focus on drivers’ well-being. Additionally, improving working conditions and enforcing occupational health and safety standards in the road transport sector are essential for creating a safe and healthy workplace for all commercial drivers.

To tent and protect: Homeless encampments as “protective facilities”

To tent and protect: Homeless encampments as “protective facilities”

Detection and identification of contamination in fixed collective protection facilities

Detection and identification of contamination in fixed collective protection facilities

Path of Co-control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions Reduction in Typical Parks of Pharmaceutical and Health Industry in Beijing

The agglomeration of carbon emissions from the pharmaceutical and health industry has been growing gradually in Beijing. Conducting research on the path of co-control of pollution and carbon emission reduction in industrial parks is essential to realize synergy between economic development, pollution reduction, and green low-carbon. Based on the production activity data in 2020 of two typical parks of manufacturing and R&D, we selected six measures for co-control of pollution and carbon emission reduction and set up a synergistic development scenario to explore the collaborative development path of different types of parks. The results showed that： ① The primary carbon emission source in the two parks was energy consumption, such as natural gas and electricity, whereas the major pollution source was from key polluting enterprises. The emissions in the R&D park were significantly lower than those in manufacturing parks, with atmospheric pollutant emissions accounting for 25% of the manufacturing park's emissions. ② Energy structure and intensity, along with pollutant emission reduction measures, contributed 62.6% and 37.4% to pollution and carbon emission reduction for the R&D park and 81.6% and 13.5% for manufacturing park, respectively. ③ Adjusting the energy structure of the park and prioritizing the management of key polluting enterprises could achieve synergistic emission reduction, with the rate of emission reduction primarily reflecting atmospheric pollutants. Reducing energy intensity could also facilitate synergistic emission reduction, with a rapid rate of carbon emission reduction. Optimizing the industrial structure could lead to different degrees of pollution and carbon emissions increasing synergistically or not synergistically, owing to the particularity of the industrial structure of the park. ④ Applying measures to adjust the energy structure and reduce energy intensity and pollutant emissions into the collaborative path should be a priority. The governance scope of key polluting enterprises should be appropriately expanded in manufacturing parks. The synergistic effect of public environmental protection facilities of R&D parks should be focused on, in addition to reducing corporate pollutant emissions. Measures to optimize industrial structure at the park level should be adjusted to local conditions and scientifically guide industrial transformation and the settlement of high-tech enterprises.

Non-destructive ultrasonic testing for identifying concealed weapons and analyzing internal chemical substances

The management of unknown weapons obtained from warfare, military operations, and terrorist situations requires a series of nondestructive testing processes. This management process, which is aimed at collecting information on the nature of the weapons, encompasses identification, processing, transportation, and storage of the obtained weapons. A lack of identification marks in acquired ammunition may indicate the potential presence of a chemical weapon. Therefore, nondestructive evaluation methods have been employed to identify unknown weapons. However, these methods rely on neutron- and radiation-based analyses, which require radiation-handling experts and specific protective facilities. Consequently, their application in this field is challenging. Herein, a nondestructive ultrasonic testing method, which can identify substances inside unknown weapons and optimize the verifiability of the state of the ammunition, was employed as an alternative method to overcome these limitations. The experimental system enabled quantitative and qualitative analyses of the internal chemicals by analyzing the time difference in acquiring the signals, particularly when the results indicate that the internal substance is a liquid. The results of this study can serve as a basis for advancing the application of ultrasonic testing as a viable and efficient approach for managing unknown weapons.

Changes in the composition of grass and shrub layer plants in common oak stands since the closure of leaf canopy

Nowadays, there are threats of extinction of plant communities and individual plant species. Therefore, it is important to investigate the possibilities of restoring the composition of plants of different levels of forest phytocoenoses after clear-cutting in specific types of forest conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibilities and features of restoring the species composition of plants of the grass and shrub layer, new growth and undergrowth after closing of canopies on common oak stands in fresh sugruds. Methods used: species accounting, comparison of species diversity at different sites, assessment of species abundance. It was established that the grass and shrub layer in closed forest stands consists of 54-57 species and it has a significant foliage cover – 60%. The base of the layer consists of 18-20 species. There is an increase with age in the value of the foliage cover of the main types of grass and shrub layer from 57-58% to 63-68%. It was found that the largest number of plants of the grass and shrub layer belongs to the forest ecological and coenotic group: in 9-10-year-old stands, 53.5% of species belong to the group, in 20-40-year-olds – 66.0%, and in 50-60-year-olds – 69.2%. It was found that the undergrowth consists of 4-6 species with a total closeness of 20-30% in crops of all age groups. The new growth consists of 6-8 species in forest stands of all age groups and their foliage cover ranges from 20-25%. The ratio of plants of different ecological and coenotic groups in oak stands of 50-60 years is quite close to overripe (130-140 years) natural stands. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results in the practice of creating environmental protection facilities and justifying the systems of harvesting for the general use

Knowledge of occupational hazards and practice of occupational safety among diagnostic radiographers in university of port Harcourt teaching hospital, rivers state

Health workers particularly radiographers have continuously faced with various occupational hazards due to the occupational environment that is associated with unsafe working conditions and lack of protective equipment. This study aimed to explore knowledge of occupational hazards and practice of occupational safety among diagnostic radiographers in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital, Rivers state. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was the instrument used to collect data from 226 radiographers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results shows good knowledge occupational hazards (72.8%); and good practice of occupational safety (68.5%). Regarding safety practices, radiographers exhibited moderate radiation protection practices (71.2%), with most portraying good practices. No significant gender or age differences were found in practices. Experience did not affect practices significantly. Radiographers with specialized training displayed better practices. The study concluded that radiographers had appreciably high knowledge and moderate safety practices. The study recommended continuing education programs, monitoring of practices, adequate protective facilities, and enhanced curriculum on radiation safety are required to address knowledge and practice gaps among radiographers in Nigeria.

Prediction of the impact of sea level rise in coastal areas where the tide embankments have been constructed

After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, the Japanese government reconstructed coastal protection facilities to mitigate extreme disasters and coastal erosion. However, the substantial compression of coastal zones poses a challenge in coping with sea level rise, while maintaining a sustainable coastal ecosystem. To clarify the impact of environmental factors and sea level rise on coastal ecosystems in highly developed regions, this study integrated field surveys, geo-detector analysis, and coastal inundation models into the research framework. It explored the relationship between environmental factors and vegetation patterns and predicted the inundation areas and vegetation survivorship of 12 transects in the study area from 2030 to 2150. The results indicated that the distance from the tide embankment (DTE) and elevation (DEM) were the main driving factors, and the combination of the potential of hydrogen (pH) and DTE had a major impact on vegetation coverage. Notably, the distribution of vegetation was positively correlated with the width of the coastal zone, and when the width was less than 60 m, vegetation could not survive. With sea level rise, almost no vegetation will survive until 2150. Appropriate coastal width and height are conducive to maintaining the sustainability of coastal ecosystems.

Evaluation of Aging-Friendly Public Spaces in Old Urban Communities Based on IPA Method—A Case Study of Shouyi Community in Wuhan

In recent years, the aging population in Chinese cities has become increasingly severe. In 2021, the proportion of people aged 65 and above in Wuchang District, Wuhan reached 24.38%, indicating a deeply aging society. Consequently, the importance of studying aging-friendly public spaces in communities is becoming more prominent. This research was conducted based on survey data of outdoor spaces in Shouyi Community, Shouyi Road. Factor analysis and IPA were used to assess the satisfaction and importance of elderly residents’ satisfaction. The primary renovation factors identified include route organization, site height difference protection, barrier-free design, plant color matching, plant configuration, and landscape features, followed by spatial continuity, lighting, microclimate, and rest facilities layout. These analyses effectively identified public factors and prioritize the aging-friendly renovation of public spaces in old communities. In the renovation of old communities in Wuhan, safety is the primary renovation factor for aging-friendly communities. Improving site height difference protection and barrier-free facilities significantly enhances residents’ satisfaction. The aesthetic improvement of outdoor spaces is the second renovation factor, indicating that the elderly increasingly value the aesthetic aspect of spaces. Although accessibility of community public spaces is the third renovation factor, route organization at the criterion level has the highest priority. Road traffic and parking difficulties are also key factors in the renovation of old communities.

A new method for inspection and detection of typical defects of protective facilities in existing railways and its application

Due to the frequent occurrence of defects of slope protection facilities on existing lines causing the potential major geological hazards (e.g., landslides), it is necessary to promote the inspection and detection efficiency of various defects of slope protection facilities for carrying out early warning and evaluation, as well as, putting forward relevant control measures for slope disasters. Based on the case studies of hundreds of protective facilities on the existing railway line, the typical defect types, characteristics and specific causes of retaining wall, slope protection, anti-slide pile and anchorage engineering structure are firstly determined. Subsequently, a new comprehensive method combining unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and intelligent detection of portable radar (IDPR) are proposed. Among of them, UAV can effective and efficient identify the defect situations of slope protection facilities, and the water accumulation and cracks of retaining wall through performing a periodic inspection of the surrounding environment of protective facilities. In addition, IDPR can detect the filling situations behind the protective facilities to prevent the collapse danger. Through comparison with the drilling core results of tested areas, it is found that the detection results of the IDPR are more reliable and accurate, which is worthy of popularization and application in the field.

An Experimental Study on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Impact Resistance of UHPC for Protective Facilities

The research was conducted on incorporating short carbon fiber and multi-layer graphene into ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to improve the dynamic mechanical performance and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE). In the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness testing, the results shown that UHPC with uniformly distributed conductive fibers exhibited superior shielding effectiveness at high frequencies. In comparison to normal concrete, the UHPC demonstrated the capability to withstand higher impact energy. Simultaneously enhancing both electromagnetic shielding characteristics and dynamic mechanical performance of cementitious materials can be challenging. In this study, employing a composite structure was effective solution to overcome this issue. In accordance with the experimental results, a scaled testing protective facility has been constructed, and the research results could provide the reference for the design and construction of protective structures.

Optimizing environmental costs and economic benefits in new energy vehicle production: A case study of FAW Hongqi in China

This study focuses on the environmental cost accounting and economic benefit optimization of China’s FAW Hongqi New Energy Vehicle manufacturing enterprise under uncertain conditions, within the context of the emission permit system This study calculates the pollution situation throughout the manufacturing and production process of FAW Hongqi new energy vehicles, and constructs a multi-level environmental cost evaluation system for FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing projects. Through the interval fuzzy model of FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing projects, the maximum economic benefits of the enterprise are simulated. The research results indicate that the pollution emissions of enterprises are mainly concentrated in the three processes of welding, painting, and final assembly. Enterprises use their own exhaust gas and wastewater treatment devices to meet the standards for pollution emissions. At the same time, solid waste generated during the automobile manufacturing process is handed over to third-party companies for treatment. Secondly, based on the accounting results of enterprise pollution source intensity and a multi-layer environmental cost evaluation system, the environmental costs of enterprises are accounted for, and the environmental costs are represented in interval form to reduce uncertainty in the accounting process. According to the accounting results of enterprise environmental costs, the main environmental costs of enterprises are environmental remediation costs caused by normal pollution discharge and purchase costs of environmental protection facilities. Pollutant emission taxes and routine environmental monitoring costs are relatively low. Enterprises can adopt more scientific solutions from the aspects of environmental remediation and environmental protection facilities to reduce environmental costs. After optimization by the fuzzy interval uncertainty optimization model, the economic benefits of the FAW Hongqi new energy vehicle manufacturing project were [101,254.71, 6278.5413] million yuan. Compared with the interval uncertainty optimization model, the lower bound of economic benefits increased by 57.68%, and the upper bound decreased by 12.08%, shortening the results of the economic benefits interval. Clarify the current environmental pollution situation of FAW Hongqi’s new energy vehicle manufacturing enterprise, provide data support for sustainable development of the enterprise, and provide reasonable decision-making space for enterprise decision-makers.

A proposed design for security system for nuclear waste warehouses against terrorists attack

A physical protection system (PPS) is one of the principal systems used in nuclear facilities for protection against terrorist attacks and the possibility of bombing, sabotage, and theft. This paper introduces the design of an advanced security system for nuclear waste warehouses against stealth terrorist attacks. This research paper takes a more original approach in addressing how a nuclear facility can detect and respond to a security incident. It does so through an interconnected security system that simultaneously practical and distinctive way. This PPS design allows the security system to achieve its main goals of detection and delay functions during any incident. Additionally, it places the intruder under attack from a successive defensive system which grants the response forces additional time to arrive and neutralize the threat completely.The proposed design of the security system will include dual-side infrared rays, high-intensive sound barriers, an intensive flashlight barrier, an electric chock system, and a smart camera surveillance system. Three consecutive processes, detection, deterrence, and defense will be operated around the waste storage building. This idea can be implemented by establishing an early detection system to detect any intrusion by terrorist attackers through a protected area surrounding the storage facility. The next step is deterring the attackers from completing their mission by placing an advanced deterrence system and putting delay elements along the path of their attack on the waste storage to complicate the mission. Then the defense system is operating to prevent terrorist progress. Finally, an evaluation process of the overall security system which has been designed by using EASI program is performed to verify the accepted level of physical protection, keep the security system component valid and updated, and follow procedures, rules and requirements of the nuclear regulatory authority at the national level and meet IAEA concept and recommendations at the international level.

Benefits of customizing dust hazard controls to meet your needs

AbstractThe OSHA Combustible Dust National Emphasis Program (NEP), recent studies commissioned by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Research Foundation and U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB), as well as emphasis by insurance companies have brought more urgency to combustible dust safety. NFPA standards are being revised for consistency and clarity of standards for combustible dust safety. While that is a significant improvement from conditions of past decades, the situation can be improved even more by implementing risk‐based methods to help develop application‐specific explosion protection. Many facilities that handle combustible particulate solids follow prescriptive requirements of applicable NFPA standards, especially for new installations. Decisions are often driven primarily by meeting codes and standards with minimum capital cost. Legacy installations that do not meet current standards typically claim “grandfather” status as the reason for not implementing the current standard requirement or good engineering practice. The goal of this paper is to present a method of adapting the familiar process safety risk matrix to assess likelihood of a deflagration event rather than the overall the risk of a consequence. This method provides an objective basis to assist staff of a legacy facility to make decisions to prioritize capital improvement projects, to follow current good engineering practice, and to stop relying on “grandfather” status. This paper makes the broad, practical assumption that any deflagration event has serious consequences. The magnitude of those consequences may vary based on facility siting, deflagration area of effect, population of personnel in the affected area, or business criticality of affected equipment and structures. Decisions based solely on the likelihood matrix may inadvertently prioritize a more likely, but less consequential, concern over an event that may put multiple people at risk, or have serious commercial implications. Methods such as Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) are useful to more comprehensively understand risks. Flexible, outside‐the‐box thinking in applying safeguards, Independent Protection Layers (IPLs), administrative controls, and facility siting may provide a better solution than merely following prescriptive code without making the effort to fully understand the hazard.

Methodology for assessing the likelihood of completing a given task by an unmanned aerial vehicle

The article discusses a method for assessing the likelihood of a combat mission being accomplished by an un-manned aerial vehicle in conditions of countermeasure from attacked object. Countermeasures should be used when there is a threat of UAV intrusion into the territory of a protected facility or a direct attack on a guarded facility. The countermeasures process is divided into two main stages: detection (recognition, classification) of an attacking UAV and the effective countermeasure usage. When assessing the effectiveness of a countermeasures system, models are used: a UAV, a protected object, and the process of performing a combat mission by an unmanned aerial vehicle.

ПРОБЛЕМА АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ БАРЬЕРОВ ПРИ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЯМИ И СОТРУДНИКАМИ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ ОРГАНОВ НАДЗОРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В СИСТЕМЕ МЧС РОССИИ

The problems of administrative barriers for both executive authorities and controlled persons were considered. A partial analysis of the situation with fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation in recent years in the field of fire safety is given. It is stated that a significant part of the causes of fires occurring in buildings and structures falls on the emergency mode of operation of power grids. It is noted that arc breakdown or sparking is one of the most common causes of «electric» fires. The issue of responsibility for the serviceability and integrity of electrical wiring at the protection facility was touched upon. It was concluded that the progress of the goal to improve the quality of life of citizens, among other things, is achieved by the use of experimental methods of legal regulation.

ADAPTATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN TIME SERIES FOR NON-STATIONARY STREAMING DATA

Detection of anomalies in streaming time series data has become an important research topic due to the wide range of possible applications, including the detection of extreme weather conditions, malicious attacks on protected facilities, monitoring unauthorised gas and oil leaks, illegal pipeline connections, power cable faults, and water and other environmental pollution. Rapid detection of abnormal conditions and identifying these critical events is essential to protect lives and assets. Therefore, developing appropriate systems and detection methods is an urgent task. Anomaly detection in streaming data is challenging due to its large volume and high speed, presence of noise, and non-stationarity of the signal (or ‘concept drift’). The latter significantly complicates the identification of differences between new ‘typical’ behaviour and abnormal events. Solving this problem requires the algorithm for processing such data to learn and adapt to changing conditions. The paper proposes a modification of the algorithm for detecting anomalies in time series. This algorithm provides early detection of abnormal series in a massive collection of non-stationary streaming time series data. Anomalies are observations that are highly improbable given the previous time series values. The proposed approach is based on the primary detection of the predictive limit for the typical system behaviour using the theory of extreme values, followed by checking for the abnormality of the following series using the sliding window technique. The time series parameters are used as input data and compared by density distribution to detect any significant changes in the distribution of the characteristics. It allows the decision-making model to automatically adapt to the changing environment according to detected changes. Since anomalies are, by definition, exceptions to the typical behaviour of a system, most of the available stored data should reflect that typical behaviour of the system in question. It is unnecessary to have representative samples of all possible types of the standard behaviour of a given system for the algorithm to work well. The basic idea is to have a warm-up data set to obtain initial values for the decision model parameters. It makes it possible to determine if there is any significant difference between the last typical behaviour and the new typical behaviour. The proposed algorithm demonstrates its performance under conditions of noisy non-stationary data in several time series classes. Keywords: concept drift, extreme value theory, multivariate time series, outlier detection.