Prosthodontic Research Articles

Glass science behind lithium silicate glass-ceramics

ObjectivesLithium silicate-based glass ceramics have evolved as a paramount restorative material in restorative and prosthetic dentistry, exhibiting outstanding esthetic and mechanical performance. Along with subtractive machining techniques, this material class has conquered the market and satisfied the patients’ needs for a long-lasting, excellent, and metal-free alternative for single tooth replacements and even smaller bridgework. Despite the popularity, not much is known about the material chemistry, microstructure and terminal behaviour. MethodsThis article combines a set of own experimental data with extensive review of data from literature and other resources. Starting at manufacturer claims on unique selling propositions, properties, and microstructural features, the aim is to validate those claims, based on glass science. Deep knowledge is mandatory for understanding the microstructure evolution during the glass ceramic process. ResultsFundamental glass characteristics have been addressed, leading to formation of time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams, which are the basis for kinetic description of the glass ceramic process. Nucleation and crystallization kinetics are outlined in this contribution as well as analytical methods to describe the crystalline fraction and composition qualitatively and quantitatively. In relation to microstructure, the mechanical performance of lithium silicate-based glass ceramics has been investigated with focus on fracture strength versus fracture toughness as relevant clinical predictors. ConclusionFracture toughness has been found to be a stronger link to initially outlined manufacturer claims, and to more precisely match ISO recommendations for clinical indications.

Comparison of Sagittal Condylar Guidance Angle Obtained by Radiographic Methods and Manual Programming of Articulators in Dentate Patients – A Clinico-radiographic Study

Background: The ultimate goal of advanced procedures in prosthetic dentistry is to construct a prosthesis based on the accurate reproduction of condylar guidance. Aim: To compare the sagittal condylar inclination obtained using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), panoramic image, and two articulator systems. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 20 dentate patients in the age group of 20–40 years. Materials and Methods: Sagittal condylar guidance angles (SCGAs) were measured on two semi-adjustable articulators (Hanau Wide Vue and Denar Mark 320) using protrusive interocclusal record. SCGAs were also measured on the CBCT scans (CBCT reconstructed panoramic image and CBCT sagittal cross section) and the panoramic images obtained from the patients. The angles were determined on the radiographs by joining two lines: Frankfort’s horizontal plane and the other plane were drawn by connecting the superior-most point on the glenoid fossa and the inferior-most point on the articular eminence. All the measurements were done twice by two operators independently. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the right and the left side in any of the groups (P ≥ 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the clinical methods (P ≥ 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the clinical and the radiographic methods (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the clinical and radiographic methods with Pearson’s Correlation coefficient above 0.67. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the clinical and radiographic methods. Thus, CBCT and OPG can be used an adjunct to clinical methods to record sagittal condylar guidance.

Effect of Bisoctrizole on Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Properties of Silicone and Effect on Surface Roughness - An In Vitro Study.

Premature degradation is the problem of maxillofacial silicones, significantly affected by ultraviolet exposure, contributing to silicones photodegradation. Degradation necessitates frequent replacement of prostheses that increase the total cost of rehabilitation. This study evaluated the effect of bisoctrizole on the ultraviolet absorption properties of silicone material and the stability of this absorption over time. Also, the bisoctrizole effect on the surface roughness of silicone was evaluated. There were 60 prepared specimens of room temperature-vulcanising maxillofacial silicone equally divided into two groups according to the conducted tests: ultraviolet absorption test and the surface roughness test. Each group was further subdivided into groups of 10 specimens based on the weight concentration of the ultraviolet (UV) absorber added: 0%, 1% and 2%. The UV absorbance of coloured specimens was measured before and after artificial weathering for 100 and 200 hours. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for UV absorption results, and one-way ANOVA was applied for the roughness test results to test the changing significances. Bisoctrizole incorporation led to a highly significant improvement in ultraviolet absorption in all groups, maintaining a high level even after subjecting the specimens to artificial weathering. Furthermore, the addition resulted in a significant increase in surface roughness as the concentration of bisoctrizole increased. Despite the surface roughness changes, bisoctrizole demonstrated efficacy as a UV absorber for maxillofacial silicone, making it valuable for applications such as maxillofacial prosthetics that require UV protection.

Exploring the Horizons of Four-Dimensional Printing Technology in Dentistry.

In dentistry, the integration of additive manufacturing, particularly 3D printing, has marked significant progress. However, the emergence of 4D printing, which allows materials to change shape dynamically in response to stimuli, opens up new avenues for innovation. This review sheds light on recent advancements and potential applications of 4D printing in dentistry, delving into the fundamental principles and materials involved. It emphasizes the versatility of shape-changing polymers and composites, highlighting their ability to adapt dynamically. Furthermore, the review explores the challenges and opportunities in integrating 4D printing into dental practice, including the customization of dental prosthetics, orthodontic devices, and drug delivery systems and also probing into the potential benefits of utilizing stimuli-responsive materials to improve patient comfort, treatment outcomes, and overall efficiency and the review discusses current limitations and future directions, emphasizing the importance of standardized fabrication techniques, biocompatible materials, and regulatory considerations. Owing to its diverse applications and advantages, 4D printing technology is poised to transform multiple facets of dental practice, thereby fostering the development of healthcare solutions that are more tailored, effective, and centered around patient needs.

ASSESSMENT OF NUMBER AND LEVEL OF ATTACHMENT OF BUCCAL FRENUM IN THE EDENTULOUS OLD AGE PEOPLE IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NEPAL

Background: Frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that encase muscle fibers. Frenum are important anatomical structure during complete denture fabrication. There is paucity of data related to buccal frenum. This study aimed to assess the number and level of buccal frenal attachment among the edentulous age groups and genders in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics & Maxillofacial Prosthetics of Chitwan Medical College. In total 97 patients of within the age of 55-85 years’ old participated in the study. In this study demographic details of participants followed by level and number of buccal mucosa in the oral cavity were noted in a predesigned proforma. The collected data was then transferred into SPSS and was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 26. Results: In this study, in total 97 complete edentulous patients participated in which 59 (60.8%) were males and rest were females. Single buccal frenum was mostly observed in the maxillary arch. About 49(50.5%) of the participants showed single buccal frenum on right side of maxillary arch, while on the left side 40 (41.2%) of the participants had single buccal frenum. In the mandibular arch, 62 (63.9 %) on the right side and 68 (70.1%) on the left side had no frenum at all. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that there is variation in the buccal frenum too. In order to provide proper retention, stability, and support with the least amount of post-placement corrections, a solid understanding of the morphological variation of frenum is thus necessary.

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY TEACHING USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The need to implement innovative technologies and create a student- oriented environment in a higher medical school is determined by the challenges of time to create a motivated, active student – a future competitive specialist.The purpose of our study was to analyze the features of innovative methods used in teaching orthopedic dentistry and to choose directions for further optimization of the educational process. A number of research methods were used to fulfi ll the set goal: the bibliosemantic method with the processing of literature sources and electronic resources, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization. Also a number of cases regarding the application of innovative technologies for teaching the discipline «Orthopedic Stomatology» at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Bukovinian State Medical University were highlighted.Modern students perceive the interactive technologies, visualization of educational material with an individually diff erentiated approach much better. Of the interactive methods when studying orthopedic stomatology, we use the PRES method, brainstorming, discussion, working in small groups, situational modeling, and the case method most often. Adherence to the algorithm when performing practical skills and simulation technologies allow students to acquire eff ectively the competencies provided by the program, as well as successfully pass the OSCE.Therefore, improving the organization of the educational process in the discipline «Orthopedic dentistry» using innovative teaching methods allows providing high-quality education to dental students. The introduction of a student- centered educational environment, on the one hand, helps to form competent, creative, proactive personalities of future dentists, but, on the other hand, requires teachers to continuously improve their own methods of teaching the discipline, acquire new skills based on the principles of facilitation, and create new simulation scenarios and their thorough training with students on a powerful material and technical base.

NAVIGATING DENTISTRY’S AI REVOLUTION: OPPORTUNITIES IN PAKISTAN

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and dentistry marks a profound shift in the way oral healthcare is delivered and managed. In Pakistan, where healthcare resources may be constrained, the integration of AI presents unique opportunities to enhance access, efficiency, and precision in dental practice. AI-powered tele-dentistry platforms offer remote consultations and diagnostics, bridging geographical gaps in access to specialized care. This empowers patients across Pakistan, ensuring timely interventions and expert opinions regardless of location.AI algorithms excel in radiographic interpretation, aiding in early detection of oral pathologies like caries and oral cancers. By augmenting diagnostic accuracy, AI mitigates the burden of oral diseases in Pakistan, optimizing resource allocation and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, AI-driven treatment planning streamlines workflows and enhances precision in dental procedures. From predictive modeling for orthodontic outcomes to computer-aided design of dental prosthetics, AI optimizes treatment efficacy and patient satisfaction. Embracing AI as a complementary tool, Pakistani dental professionals can unlock new horizons in care delivery. By integrating AI with traditional methodologies, dentists can navigate this transformative landscape, fostering innovation and excellence in oral healthcare nationwide.

Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry.

Modern media often portray CAD/CAM technology as widely utilized in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) polymers and conventional polymers commonly utilized in prosthetic dentistry. With the increasing adoption of CAD/CAM technology in dental laboratories and practices, understanding the differences in material properties is crucial for informed decision-making in prosthodontic treatment planning. Through a narrative review of the literature and empirical data, this study evaluates the mechanical strength, durability, esthetics, and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM polymers in comparison to traditional polymers. Furthermore, it examines the implications of these findings on the clinical outcomes and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The results provide valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of CAD/CAM polymers, informing clinicians and researchers about their suitability for various dental prosthetic applications. This study underscores the considerable advantages of CAD/CAM polymers over conventional ones in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics for prosthetic dentistry. CAD/CAM technology offers improved mechanical strength and durability, potentially enhancing the long-term performance of dental prosthetics, while the biocompatibility of these polymers makes them suitable for a broad patient demographic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The practical implications of these findings for dental technicians and dentists are significant, as understanding these material differences enables tailored treatment planning to meet individual patient needs and preferences. Integration of CAD/CAM technology into dental practices can lead to more predictable outcomes and heightened patient satisfaction with prosthetic restorations.

DIGITAL FABRICATION OF COMPLETE DENTURES, COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL METHODS, MAY OFFER A MORE COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACH WITH IMPROVED PATIENT OUTCOMES

Digitally versus conventionally fabricated complete dentures: A systematic review on cost-efficiency analysis and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Tew, In Meei, Suet Yeo Soo, and Edmond Ho Nang Pow.The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (2023). No fund was received. Systematic review.

3D Printed Materials for Permanent Restorations in Indirect Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Critical Review of the Literature.

The objective of this study was to review the scientific evidence currently available on 3D printable materials and 3D printing technologies used for the fabrication of permanent restorations, focusing on material properties that are clinically relevant. A literature search was performed on four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) for articles published from January 2013 until November 2023, using a combination of free words: (restorative dentistry OR prosthetic dentistry) AND (3D printing OR additive manufacturing OR rapid prototyping) AND materials. Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 2.468 unique studies. In total, 83 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 36 were included in the review. The assessed variables were mechanical properties, reporting in most of the cases positive results, dimensional accuracy and fit, reporting conflicting results with a predominance of positive, aesthetic properties, with positive reports but scarcely addressed, and biological properties, almost unexplored in independent studies. Despite numerous studies with positive results in favor, papers with negative outcomes were also retrieved. Aesthetic and biological properties are conversely still mostly unexplored. There remains a lack of conclusive evidence for viable 3D printable restorative and prosthodontic materials for permanent restorations. Research should be strengthened by defining international standards for laboratory testing and, where pre-clinical data are promising, conducting clinical trials.

Flexural Strength and Morphological Study of Different Multilayer Zirconia Dental Materials.

Nowadays, yttria (Y3+)-stabilized ZrO2 (Y-TZP) is the most commonly used material in dental prosthetics. Y-TZP dental ceramics are mainly stabilized via the addition of 3 mol% yttrium oxide (Y2O3). These ceramics exhibit excellent mechanical properties, including high flexural strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, etc. Some manufacturers have recently introduced a new class of dental materials with multilayer composition with the aim of combining the advantages of adding more or less Y2O3 to the ceramic composition in one Y-TZP material. The flexural strength values of multilayer Y-TZP may vary depending on the dimensions of the specimen, layer distributions, and especially the layer exposed on the maximum tension side, i.e., loading configuration. Although previous studies have examined the flexural strength of separate Y-TZP layers, capturing the flexural strength of multilayer Y-TZP is still challenging. However, one should keep in mind that multilayer flexural strength is important for clinical indications. The objective of this study is to compare the flexural strength of three distinct multilayer translucent Y-TZP materials made up of layers with different Y3+ contents. Rectangular samples (2 mm × 2 mm × 16 mm) were prepared from CAD/CAM discs using the milling machine Programill PM7 (Ivoclar Vivadent AG). Milled bars were tested for flexural strength in a three-point bending test (ISO 6872:2015) using a universal testing machine (Inspekt Duo 5kN; Hegewald & Peschke, Nossen, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Representative samples of each type of material were selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the microstructure. Representative samples of each type of material were selected for structural, mechanical, and microstructural analyses.

Occlusion and Nutrition after Peadiatric Prosthetic Treatment

Nutritional and well-balanced food intake is of utmost importance for children's proper physical development and growth. Changes in masticatory structures are likely to cause significant change in both children's and adult's diet. The aim of this study is to examine the occlusion and the intake of macronutrients in children who have undergone dental treatment and restoration of the teeth affected by caries and its complications with different types of aesthetic crowns.
 The study included 103 children, which are prosthetically treated with crown structures and divided into four age groups. The restoration of the occlusal balance after the completion of the prosthetic treatment was established by means of a new generation of digital recording system (OccluSense by Bausch, Germany). A 24-hour diary on consumed foods and liquids was taken from children and their parents. Data is analyzed and processed statistically.
 The obtained results in all studied diagrams showed an increase in the occlusal forces bilaterally in the distal areas of the dentition in the anterior-posterior direction. Protein and carbohydrate intake by the tested children corresponded to the recommended range of 15.2±3.7 E% and 46.6±7.8 E%. Increased fat intake of 38.1±7.5 E%, as well as fibre consumption below the recommended values (13.6 g to 18.6 g) have also been observed.
 Dental restoration of heavily damaged children's teeth using prosthetic dentistry methods provides the opportunity for a normal intake of the main macronutrients.

Mean Satisfaction Scores in Patients Wearing Removable Dental Prosthesis According to Oral Health Index Profile-14

Removable dental prosthetics, also known dentures, are used to restore function, appearance, and phonation after tooth loss. However, the majority of people who wear dentures are not satisfied with them. Objective: To assess the mean fulfillment score of patients utilizing removable denture prosthesis as per oral health index record profile-14 (OHIP-14). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan from 5th November 2020 to 25th May 2021. A total of 272 participants of both gender with ages between 20 to 70 years, wearing acrylic removable partial denture in or the two arches for something like one year, and had no indications of pathology in leftover teeth were enrolled in this study. OHIP-14 examiner was utilized to gauge the factors of fulfillment with removable dental prosthesis. OHIP-14 scores were stratified among age groups and gender to see effect modifiers. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was. 53.28±10.997 years. The mean OHIP-score was 23.63±7.095. The mean OHIP-score in males was 23.34±6.641 and in females was 23.91±7.523. The difference in OHIP-14 score was not statistically significant (p=0.51). The highest mean OHIP-14 score was present in age group 20-30 years (25.20±5.673) followed by age group 61-70 years (24.27±7.290). The lowest OHIP-14 score was in age group 22.57±6.448 years. Conclusions: The average OHIP-14 score is lower, which further indicates reduced satisfaction with removable partial dentures. Age and gender had little impact on how satisfied people were with removable partial dentures.

Staged Extractions and Implant Placement for Maxillary Central Incisors: A Case Report

A patient sought treatment at a prosthodontics practice to replace mobile maxillary centrals and exposed defective veneer margins on the maxillary laterals. Staged extractions and immediate implant placement were offered as the treatment option to preserve the hard and soft tissue around the implants and maximize the esthetic outcome. Staged extraction of adjacent teeth and immediate implant placement was performed to the maxillary central incisors. After osseointegration, custom impression copings were made to capture the gingival contours. The implants were restored with implant retained ceramic crowns and the maxillary laterals were restored with ceramic veneers. Although treatment time is lengthened staged extraction of adjacent anterior teeth and immediate implant placement can provide a predictable and successful treatment option to manage soft tissues and achieve a highly esthetic outcome. Keywords: Implants; Esthetics; Immediate Implants; Immediate Provisionals; Staged Extractions; Prosthetic Dentistry

Do metal artifact reduction algorithms influence the detection of implant-related injuries to the inferior alveolar canal in CBCT images?

BackgroundThe routine application of dental implants for replacing missing teeth has revolutionized restorative and prosthetic dentistry. However, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluations of structures adjacent to the implants are limited by metal artifacts. There are several methods for reducing metal artifacts, but this remains a challenging task. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms in identifying injuries of implants to the inferior alveolar canal in CBCT images.MethodIn this in vitro study, mono-cortical bone windows were created and the inferior alveolar canal was revealed. Using 36 implants, pilot drill and penetration damage of the implant tip into the canal was simulated and compared to the control implants with distance from the canal. CBCT images were evaluated by four experienced observers with and without the MAR algorithm and compared to direct vision as the gold standard. The values of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained and compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (α = 0.05).ResultThe area under the ROC curve values for detection of pilot drill injuries varied between 0.840–0.917 and 0.639–0.854 in the active and inactive MAR conditions, respectively. The increase in ROC area was only significant for one of the observers (P = 0.010). For diagnosing penetrative injuries, the area under the ROC curve values was between 0.990–1.000 and 0.722–1.000 in the active and inactive MAR conditions, respectively. The improvement of ROC curve values in active MAR mode was only significant for one of the observers (P = 0.006).ConclusionActivation of MAR improved the diagnostic values of CBCT images in detecting both types of implant-related injuries to the inferior alveolar canal. However, for most observers, this increase was not statistically significant.

The Impact of Oxygen Concentration on the Postcuring of 3D-Printed Dental Resin.

This study investigated the impact of reducing the oxygen concentration via nitrogen injection during the postcuring process of 3D-printed dental materials. Resin specimens for dental crown and bridge (15-mm diameter, both 1-mm and 2-mm heights) were 3D-printed and rinsed. Subsequently, the postcuring process was conducted on nine groups categorized according to atmospheric conditions within the curing device (20% [control], 10%, and 5% oxygen) and curing times (10, 15, and 20 minutes). Surface roughness was measured using a gloss meter. Surface polymerization was confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the specimens were measured using a universal testing machine. Water absorption and solubility were determined according to Inernational Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. All evaluation criteria were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test based on oxygen concentration. The elastic modulus did not show statistically significant differences in all groups. However, compared to the control group, the flexural strength, degree of conversion, and gloss significantly increased in the groups with decreased oxygen concentrations. Conversely, water solubility and water absorption significantly decreased in a few groups with reduced oxygen concentration. Reducing oxygen concentration through nitrogen injection during the postcuring process of 3D printing enhances the suitability of the dental prosthetic materials. The significant increase in flexural strength can particularly enhance the utility of these materials in dental prosthetics.

Study of structure and properties of a new porous composite material obtained by direct laser deposition

The possibility of formation of porous materials for biomedical applications from VT6/Ta/Zr alloy by direct laser deposition has been shown. Varying the laser power allowed to obtain alloys with variable porosity. The modes providing formation of porous material with normal elasticity modulus corresponding to human bone were selected. It was found that the porosity value of 32% is achieved at the laser power of 50 W, which meets the requirements, for example, for dental prosthetics. In the process of direct laser deposition of materials in VT6/Ta/Zr alloys with variable porosity tantalum particles do not melt and act as crystallization centers. Such conditions ensure the formation of a highly dispersed metal structure consisting mainly of VT6 powders with evenly distributed Ta and Zr particles.

PERSPECTIVES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS FOR APPLICATION OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN DENTISTRY IN THE LIGHT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Additive manufacturing technologies (AMTs) offer a new approach for cost-effective production of goods and services and are therefore quite rightly included as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0. Last years great attention is paid to the AMTs as technologies of the future development in many countries all over the world including the European Union. Depending on the availability of a good base of installed 3D printers and intellectual potential, the countries are divided into two groups: 1) leaders in the field of 3D printing technology and 2) countries with large bases of equipment, but lack of trained and qualified labor force. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the perspectives and development trends for application of additive technologies in modern dental medicine in the light of Industry 4.0. The constant development of AMTs will accelerate their implementation in various fields and in particular in medicine/dentistry. The 3D printing technologies are first applied in dentistry, due to the possibility for fabrication of individual dental constructions. Currently, almost all worldrenowned companies for production of dental materials and machines develop additive technologies and manufacture the corresponding equipment. According to the forecasts, the 3D printing is expected to be widely used in dental clinics and laboratories in the next 5-10 years. The additive technologies most often applied in dentistry include stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective electron beam melting, selective laser melting/sintering and ink-jet printing. The great variety of materials used in these processes allow constructions with different purposes to be made for all areas of dental medicine - surgery, oral implantology, conservative dentistry, orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry.

“Antimicrobial properties of tissue conditioner modified with chitosan and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: a promising approach for preventing denture stomatitis”

BackgroundChitosan is known to inhibit the growth of many bacteria and fungi. Tissue conditioners are commonly used to prevent bone destruction under dentures. However, over time, these materials can become a suitable substrate for microbial growth. One approach to improving dental materials is the use of nanoparticles. This study examined the antifungal properties of chitosan and green technique-synthesized silver nanoparticles in combination with tissue conditioners.MethodsTissue conditioner materials were mixed with chitosan and silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.097%, 0.19%, and 0.37%, along with 1.25 ppm Nystatin, and their antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans were investigated. The growth rate was measured after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Non-parametric tests, such as the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, were used for data analysis after verifying that the groups did not have a normal distribution.ResultsCompared with the control and Nystatin groups, the Chitosan-silver groups showed a significant decrease in the number of CFUs of Candida albicans.ConclusionsThe combination of chitosan and silver nanoparticles with tissue conditioner materials is a promising alternative for preventing and treating denture stomatitis. These findings suggest that using very small amounts of nanoparticles in dental materials could effectively prevent microbial growth, which could improve the longevity and efficacy of dental prosthetics and materials.

Influence of using a domestic adhesive cream for fixation of removable dentures with plantain extract on mucosal microbiome and secretory immunity of the mouth

Relevance. Denture stomatitis, including fungal infection, which affects many wearers of removable dental prostheses, has a multifactorial etiology with poor oral hygiene as the main predisposing factor. Therefore, the search for means that contribute to the prevention of occurrence and elimination of denture stomatitis in persons using removable dental prostheses remains relevant.Objective. The effect of the adhesive cream for fixation of dentures Asepta Рarodontal with plantain extract on the mucosal microbiome and secretory immunity of the mouth of patients using removable dentures was evaluated.Materials and Methods. The content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microbiological examination for periodontopathogens (Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porhyromonas gingivalis), as well as Streptococccus spp, Staphylococcus spp and Candida spp in 3 groups of patients who did not use any dental prostheses (1 control group, 30 people). ), as well as those who were made partial removable acrylic dentures from the first day of application were offered to use domestic adhesive cream for fixation of dentures Asepta Рarodonta (2 main group, 30 people) and who were made partial removable acrylic dentures, but their adaptation period and subsequent use of dentures passed without the use of any adhesive means for fixation of dentures (3 comparison group, 30 people).Results. It was found that after 6 months of application of adhesive cream for fixation of dentures with plantain extract there was a significant decrease in detection of Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis in comparison with the control group, as well as a significant increase in the level of sIgA, which was noted 1 month after the beginning of application of Asepta Carodontal denture fixation agent and continued after 6 months. This indicates the strengthening of secretory immunity, which leads to increased binding of microbes in saliva with their further excretion, inhibition of adhesion of C. albicans to the walls of the denture and epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, which ultimately contributes to a decrease in colonization of the oral mucosa epithelium by fungi and a decrease in the incidence of stomatitis.Conclusion. Prevention of denture stomatitis by optimizing the microbiome of the oral mucosa and mucosal immunity is possible due to the use of adhesive cream for fixation of dentures Asepta Carodontal, as it creates the possibility of preserving and optimizing the microbiocenosis and immune balance in the oral cavity after dental prosthetics, which allow us to recommend the use of adhesive agents for fixation of removable dental prostheses, including cream Asepta Carodontal.