Cancer is the group of disease that has high morbidity rate, the traditional treatment people keep using have a lot of limitations. Although the concept of mRNA vaccines has just emerged in the 20th century, it has demonstrated its good availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. From this, researchers infer that mRNA also has great application prospects in other areas, and cancer immunotherapy has become one of them. mRNA vaccine used to have low translation efficiency and strong mRNA immunogenicity but recent research about mRNA sequence optimization could overcome most of these problems. But to apply this platform vaccine to target tumour cells specifically, the target chosen is very important and still needs a lot of research about it. This article reviews the current approach to mRNA vaccine and its therapeutic usage for cancer. Based on the current clinical studies, the mRNA vaccine might be a good auxiliary tool for cancer treatment.