Prospective Partners Research Articles

Computer automated marriage analysis

Abstract “Matesim” is a computer automated simulation designed to help people analyze marriage decisions and values related to these decisions. The computer asks respondents about their marital values and expectations, what they would like in a prospective partner, as well as information about themselves. This information is gathered in 108 different categories considered relevant to marriage, a total of over 1000 pieces of information for each respondent. In the analysis the computer compares two potential marriage partners with each other, to a value reference ideal established by either or both partners, and to a marriage counselor ideal based on values associated with successful marriage established by the collective judgment of a panel of marriage counselors. Taking all these into account, the computer predicts problem areas in the proposed marriage, areas in which the marriage will be especially satisfying, the overall success of the marriage, and areas in which respondents can direct self-change to...

The Future of Economic Integration within the Arab World

I. INTRODUCTION Like many other topics concerning the Middle East, intraregional trade will be greatly affected by the massive inflows of capital into the oil-producing states during the coming years. The history of such trade has been examined in detail before.' The region has even embarked on ventures designed to promote the move- ment of goods within the area, such as the erstwhile Syrian-Lebanese Customs Union and the Economic Unity Agreement of I964, which envisaged the develop- ment of an Arab Common Market. We believe, however, that the momentous changes occurring at this time throughout the region require that questions regard- ing the likely future of any Middle Eastern economic union be reconsidered. Spe- cifically, we propose to examine the prospects of economic integration in the region from Libya to the Persian (or Arab) Gulf. We begin by presenting a profile of the region's trade-dollar volume, principal commodities, and changes during recent years up to the increase in oil prices; then we project the data forward to consider the possible benefits and drawbacks of integration for individual nations. The formation and functioning of a successful customs union or common market is clearly dependent on each member country reaping some benefit. The likelihood of the survival and development of the union would also increase if such benefits or gains were more or less equally shared by all the member nations.2 As a result, it is important to explore the possible benefits of an Arab customs union and evaluate the chances and problems of its success in relation to the present and future eco- nomic situations of each of the likely members. In the normal textbook analysis of a customs union, several effects are con- sidered. First, following the elimination of trade barriers between the members, there will be an increase in trade. This increase in consumer surplus and the pro-

A Behavioral Model of Coalition Formation

The 1951 elections for the French National Assembly permitted the formation of distinct formalized coalitions in each of 95 multimember districts. The resulting coalition outcomes are analyzed via a behavioral model that emphasizes real-time constraints that are largely ignored by formal game theory. Other major features of the model include: (1) coalitions are built incrementally and without defection until a coalition controls a majority of the votes; (2) offers to prospective partners are constrained by a graph that represents ideological and other constraints; (3) offers are made probabilistically, proportional to the votes controlled by the potential allies; (4) reciprocated offers are necessary and sufficient for a coalition to form. Estimated with data from districts with five or fewer coalescable parties or lists, the model is validated on districts with six parties or lists. The model has modest explanatory power, its major failure suggesting the influence of political forces at the national level that are beyond the scope of the district level model. Quite speculatively, these national forces may have been essential to preventing De Gaulle's coming to power in 1951. The model attests to both ideological and opportunistic facets of Fourth Republic politics.

A Free Trade Area and the Foreign World with an Application to EC Expansion

The core of modern customs union theory and empirical work is oriented toward the prospective partner countries.' I have found no literature which focuses exclusively on the impact of economic integration on the outside world. Yet in debate about customs union, whether among economists or among politicans, many unresolveable questions of fact have to do with the extent of, and the distribution of the burden of, trade diversion. The present paper is concerned with techniques for accurate estimation of trade diversion and procedures for conveniently measuring the welfare impact on the outside world.

An exploratory study of seventeen sexually open marriages1

Extensive lifestyle and attitudinal data were collected from eleven couples in Florida and six couples in Kansas who described their marriage styles as sexually open: all outside relationships were with the knowledge of the spouse, and independent functioning with satellite partners was preferred rather than an exchange arrangement as in swinging. Other common characteristics were noted: emotional involvement with outside partners was common and generally accepted; non‐spouse partners maintained separate residences; prospective partners did not have to be selected from certain predefined populations; and in addition to sexual pleasure there was emphasis on social and intellectual sharing and the psychological well‐being of all persons involved. Some sexual behavior patterns, role structures, ground rules, benefits, and stresses of this marriage style are explicated.

The phobic theory of male homosexuality.

A particular version of the phobic theory of male homosexuality was tested, namely that homosexuality is based on an aversion against heterosexual intercourse. In androphilic men, penile volume changes to verbal and written descriptions of the subjects' involvement in the various phases of heterosexual interaction were measured. Prior to each exposition of a verbal representation of such a phase, the subjects were prearoused by pictures of male nudes. Descriptions of involvement in the situation of locating a prospective female partner and of involvement in heterosexual pretactile interaction were responded to with penile detumescence that did not differ significantly from that to descriptions of involvement in sexually neutral situations. There was a further increase in penile volume of the prearoused subjects on descriptions of their involvement in heterosexual tactile interaction and intercourse. These results contradict the hypothesis tested, whereas the subjects' verbal ratings of the various stimulus configurations on a disgust scale were in agreement with the phobic theory.

A note on erotic arousal value of moving and stationary human forms

For subhuman vertebrates there already exists a huge body of information on male and female courtship behaviour and in many instances the impact of movement patterns on the prospective partner has been assessed. However, little information is available on the erotic impact of human movement patterns. In analysing erotic preferences by means of the phallometric method, moving vs. still pictures has been a factor in a variety of studies. Kolářský and Madlafousek (1973) compared the erotic responses of normal and sexually deviant males to filmed courtship behaviour, non-erotic activities and stills of the same female. They found that dynamically presented filmed courtship patterns were more arousing for normal heterosexual males than stills on which no particular activity was shown, and that these stills were more arousing than movie pictures of nonerotic activities. In a study of classical conditioning, McConaghy (1970) found he could not condition positive penile responses to geometric figures when using still pictures of nude females as unconditioned stimuli, but that this was possible when using movies. He concluded that the movie pictures had a greater impact on his Ss than the stills and supported this impression with another study in which he compared responses to movies and stills of nude females (McConaghy, 1973). However, the persons on the movies were not identical with those on the stills and the depicted behavioural configurations varied widely. In the following study, results are reported on the erotic value of a relatively simple movement pattern, namely walking towards the viewer and smiling, vs. a still picture of the same person smiling.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BREEDING BEHAVIOUR OF GREY AND RED‐NECKED PHALAROPES

SUMMARYObservations were made on Grey and Red‐Necked Phalaropes near Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T., Canada, from the date of their local arrival, 13 June, until 21 July 1967.The similarity of the colour of the Grey Phalarope nuptial plumage to that of dead seaweed among which the birds often feed is suggested as possibly relevant to the evolution of this plumage.A mutual Head Up pre‐copulatory display, first given by the female, is described in Grey Phalaropes. It is suggested to have the function of assuaging fear in the prospective partner and to be a prelude of only the first copulation between any two birds. Other displays are described and figured.Three full copulations, including their preliminaries, were observed in this species and two others in which the preliminary actions escaped observation. Three copulations took place on land and two on water. Of the three copulations observed with their preliminaries, two were initiated by some form of display by the female, and one, without any display, by the male. Eight attempted copulations were observed; all were initiated by males and all but one took place while the female was on land. One male which had just copulated was observed to attempt copulation with another female. In the course of three full or attempted copulations, another Grey Phalarope fluttered up against the mating pair.All Grey Phalarope copulations took place in a collective feeding area; little intra‐species antagonism was seen and no evidence of territorial behaviour. All female Grey Phalaropes left the colony under observation on the night of 9–10 July; only two eggs had by then been laid in one nest and the female of one pair had not laid at all.Six copulations and six attempted copulations were observed in Red‐necked Phalaropes; all took place on the water. Only in two of the copulations were the preliminaries observed; one was initiated by a display of the female, the other without any preliminary display by the male.Preliminary observations suggest specific differences in rate of spinning and in the preferred direction of spin. The functions and factors associated with spinning are discussed. Accelerated spinning with reduced frequency of pecks at the water by both members of a pair of Red‐necked Phalaropes was observed once and may have been a form of display.Head scratching, observed once in a Red‐necked Phalarope and several times in Wilson's, is by the direct method, supporting the view, based on the colour pattern of the downy young, that phalaropes are more akin to the sandpipers than to the avocets.

Mate Selection among the Shirishana

The Shirishana are one of many tribes which arrange marriages for young people, without always securing the consent of the prospective partners. The author argues that such a pattern should not be interfered with, as it is functional and leads to family stability among the Shirishana, whereas Western patterns of mate selection would lead to social disintegration. The Shirishana pattern in no way precludes the development of genuine conjugal love.

Calon Tunggal dalam Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2015 terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 100/PUU-XIII/2015

The phenomenon of a pair-single candidate threatens delays in the implementation of simultaneous Regional Head Elections in some districts until 2017. Although the Commission extends the registration period of candidates to avoid the delay of elections simultaneously, there are still some districts that have a single candidate. The law on elections has not set the provisions definitely regarding what should be done if there is the phenomenon of a single candidate. Finally the parties who feel aggrieved the rights had filed a judicial election law to the Constitutional Court (MK) to find solutions to these issues. In its decision, the Court considered that the Act mandates the election as the executor of the sovereignty of the people to elect regional heads directly and democratically. Thus, the local elections should ensure the realization of the highest power in the hands of the people. In addition, the Court also considers the formulation of norms of Law No. 8 of 2015, which requires the presence of more than one pair of candidates does not provide a solution, which led to the legal vacuum. This can result in absent of holding the elections. Local elections which are only followed by a single pair of candidates, the mechanism selection is to determine whether the “Agree” or “Disagree” with the prospective partner. If it turns out the people’s voice is more to select “Agree” then the candidate is designated as regional head and deputy head of the selected district. Conversely, if it turns out the people’s voice is more to select “Disagree” then in such circumstances the election is postponed until the next local elections simultaneously.

Knowledge about Condoms among Adolescents in Kathmandu Valley

Introduction: The issues of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remain the leading cause of ill health among adolescents worldwide and are of growing concern in Nepal. The correct knowledge of condoms is integral part of SRH. The present study was carried out to assess and compare the knowledge about condoms among adolescents in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Aim: To study, assess and compare the knowledge about condoms among adolescents in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The sample was derived through cluster sampling of the secondary schools in the Kathmandu valley. Schools were selected randomly and two hundred and fifty adolescents were taken from each government and non-government high schools. Result: Altogether 500 adolescents were recruited for this study. A total of 298 (53.0%) participants said that condoms reduced pleasure. Most women don't like to use condoms was agreed by 291 (55.6%) people and it was statistically significant (p value < 0.05) when compared between males and females. Using condoms with new partner is a good idea was agreed upon by 448 (81.0%) participants. Women should ask their partners to use condoms was answered by 480 (88.1%) and discussing condom use with prospective partner is easy was agreed by 417(79.0%) and both the issues were also statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: It was found that the knowledge about condoms was not adequate and the knowledge among male participants was in general better than females. Key words: Adolescents, Condom, Sexual and reproductive Health DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2455 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 18-22

Fraternities, Social Distance, and Anti-Semitism Among Jewish and Non-Jewish Undergraduates

A NUMBER OE' discussions of American college fraternities have referred to issues relevant to the study of status placement and social mobility. In a research report by Levine and Sussman, fraternities emerge as ageand social classgraded organizations which train undergraduates in life styles appropriate for particular adult statuses.' Less recent but still germane is Waller's examination of the rating and dating complex.2 In part, it treats the fraternity-sorority system as an important part of the process by which prospective marriage partners are selected within various prestige categories. Fraternities have also been viewed as organizations involved in the circulation of local elites, conferring and maintaining high status among particular members of more diverse student bodies.3 Two general impressions arise from a consideration of this past research. 1. Fraternities help to maintain differences in ascribed status by taking into account family characteristics or personal characteristics typically acquired in families of different status when considering candidates for membership. 2. A major latent function of a fraternity system is to provide for the, undergraduate culture a system of sponsored mobility which operates simultaneously with (though sometimes at odds with) the system of contest mobility that is more characteristic of the purely academic realm of student life.4

A Theory of Coalitions in the Triad

STUDY of the triad is one of the most interesting and satisfactory areas of current research activity in sociology. The relevant theory is unusually simple and straightforward. It lends itself to empirical verification more readily than most other models of interaction. The theory of the triad promises to be applicable to situations of different scale, although this advantage has not yet been fully exploited. It seems likely that generalizations developed in the three-person group will be applicable to situations where the interacting units are organized groups, even such very large groups as political parties and states. In his original discussion, Simmel deliberately compared intimate human situations such as the contention of two men for one woman with large scale situations like the European balance of power. For many years Simmel's powerful but unsystematic analysis was admired and neglected. The development of research evidence on the triad has come about very recently. The last two years have seen the publication of a series of brilliant experiments by Mills, Strodtbeck, Torrance, Bales and Borgatta. These experiments have demonstrated the reality of the phenomenon which Simmel stressed-the tendency of the triad to become a coalition of two against one. They have also demonstrated that small differences in power, activity, and other characteristics of the members of the triad have considerable influence upon the formation and persistence of coalitions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the model of the triad whose members are not identical in power and to call attention to a neglected feature of this model, namely, that the formation of given coalitions depends upon the initial distribution of power in the triad and, other things being equal, may be predicted to some extent when the initial distribution of power is known. In their discussion of the zero-sum threeperson game, von Neumann and Morgenstern consider at some length the case of unsymmetric distribution, i.e., those in which different coalitions receive different results. They remark, it seems that what a player can get in a definite coalition depends not only on what the rules of the game provide for that eventuality, but also on the other (competing) possibility of coalition for himself and for his partner. Since the rules of the game are absolute and inviolable, this means that under certain conditions comnpensations must be paid among coalition partners; i.e., that a player must have to pay a well defined price to a prospective coalition partner. The amount of the compensations will depend on what other alternatives are open to each of the players. 1 Concealed in this and subsequent discussions is the assumption of equality of power among the three players, even when they have different possibilities of gain or loss. (See especially their figure 51). This assumption does not fit many triads of sociological interest in which the typical gain consists of domination over other triad members, and not in an external reward to be obtained by a given coalition. This is the case in three-sibling rivalries, in three-cornered political contests, and in many other concrete situations. We shall consider six types. The following asumptions will apply:

Partnerships of Radiologists

At a meeting of Eastern Radiologists, in Washington, in 1934, I spoke to you on, the subject of “The Radiologist and the Hospital” using the hospital relationships of Drs. Groover, Christie, and Merritt as a text. At the request of the editors, this plan of radiological practice was published in the 1934 Year Book of Radiology. We have been surprised and gratified at the interest manifested in it. By way of a progress report, let me say that our hospital relationships have remained practically unchanged during the intervening five years, and so far as I know there are no ominous clouds on the horizon to threaten their continuance. We are still of the opinion that under suitable conditions the plan outlined and practised by us for the past twenty years is the best yet devised from the standpoint of the medical profession, the hospital, and the public. It has occurred to me that you might be equally interested in our partnership relations, inasmuch as they have an important if not indispensable bearing on the hospital plan above referred to. Two of our group joined forces in 1916. Others have been added from time to time until there are now eight members of the partnership. The average age of the partners is 49 years. I think that 45 years would be about the optimum average age for a group such as ours. We have made it a rule never to take anyone into the partnership until they have practised radiology for at least five years. We have this rule to enable us to appraise more accurately a prospective partner's qualifications. In choosing a partner, one should have in mind the fact that a partner is not easily discarded. We have another rule which precludes equal partnership until one has practised radiology at least fifteen years. This may seem arbitrary but it has sound actuarial basis. A radiologist is more likely to reach the peak of his earning capacity after fifteen years of practice than he is before. You might find it interesting to check that statement against your own experience. At the present time we have no physician employee in our organization unless you choose to regard as employees three Fellows in Radiology, each having a two-year term of service. We consider it risky to continue a physician employee indefinitely on a salary basis when you do not consider him eligible for partnership responsibilities and do not intend to offer him membership in the organization. Under such circumstances the question of exploitation is apt sooner or later to arise. Our non-professional personnel consists of 16 technicians and 13 clerks. Our entire group, therefore, comprises 40 individuals as shown in the following table: These are distributed in four units, three of which are in hospitals. We have found it desirable to have one of the more mature radiologists and one of the younger ones teamed together at each place. A physician referring patients to a specialist or other consultant is more than apt to choose one of his contemporaries.