Proprioceptive Skills Research Articles

TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA DO CORE NA MELHORIA DA COORDENAÇÃO MUSCULAR EM DANÇARINOS ESPORTIVOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dance sport is an emerging sport activity. The number of college students devoted to the study of dance is increasing. Basic dance sport skills are inherent to performance. Basic skills training requires dancers to have a certain degree of flexibility, endurance, speed, etc. Currently, we know that CORE strength training can improve the physical function of athletes, but studies are scarce as to its true impact on proprioceptive skills in dance sports. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of strengthening the CORE on muscle coordination in sport dancers. This paper examines the relationship between core strength training and dance skills in athletes. Methods: Undergraduate sport dance students were randomly and voluntarily selected. These students undergo a 4-month training protocol in CORE strengthening. The effect of this experiment was evaluated with biomarker and kinetic data collected before and after the experiment. These data were worked out statistically and the results were discussed according to the literature. Results: After the CORE training protocol, the sport dance students had significant differences in physical tests(P<0.05). Conclusion: CORE training can promote physical stability, explosive power and muscle coordination in sport dancers. Level of evidence II; Training research - outcome investigation.

Least Restrictive Adaptation Model: Anything You Need You Can Find in the Kitchen Drawer (First printed inRE:view, 36(2), 63–69.)

Least Restrictive Adaptation Model: Anything You Need You Can Find in the Kitchen Drawer (First printed in<i>RE:view</i>, 36(2), 63–69.)

The Impact of Parkinson's Disease on General and Specific Motor Aptitudes: A Study of Older Brazilian Adults.

This study investigated motor aptitude in older adults with and without Parkinson's disease (PD) to further specify known motor-related changes of PD. We divided 671 older adults (23.5% male; Mage = 69.6, SD = 6.6 years) into a Parkinson's Disease Group (PDG) and a non-Parkinson's Disease Group (NPG) and assessed their general motor aptitude (GMA) and their specific motor aptitudes (in Coordinative, Proprioceptive, and Perceptive domains) using the Motor Scale for Older Adults. We used the chi-squared tests and logistic regression to identify and affirm an associations between PD and motor aptitude, we found that most adults without PD showed normal motor aptitude (GMA: 80.7%; Proprioceptive: 82.3%; Perceptive: 81.4%) except for the Coordinative skills, for which 56.4% of these participants had motor impairment. Most partipants with PD showed motor impairments (GMA: 94.7%; Coordinative: 97.4%; Proprioceptive: 97.4%), except in the Perceptive domain, for which 68.4% of participants with PD showed normal aptitude. There were significant associations between PD and GMA (OR = 127.6), Coordinative motor skills (OR = 48.0), and Proprioceptive skills (OR = 204.4), even after the model was adjusted for gender and age. Our use of the Motor Scale for Older Adults in contrasting groups of older Brazilian adults provides further specificity to the motor aptitude characteristics of older adults with PD.

The Analgesic Effects of Virtual Reality for People with Chronic Pain: A Scoping Review.

Although virtual reality is shown to have short-term analgesic effects in acute pain settings, its long-term efficacy in chronic pain conditions has not been established. This scoping review aims to provide a summary of virtual reality approaches explored in chronic primary and secondary pain conditions as defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain. A systematic literature search in Ovid PubMed and Ovid Embase was conducted between January 5 and January 10, 2021, with the use of the Arksey and O'Malley six-step scoping review criteria. Articles were searched via search terms and keywords relating to International Classification of Diseases-defined primary and secondary chronic pain conditions, virtual reality, virtual illusion, distraction, and effects on levels of pain. Of the 2,118 articles located, 44 were included, which covered a range of primary and secondary chronic pain conditions and used a variety of different computer screen and headset protocols, including gaming, mindfulness, exercise, relaxation, and proprioceptive skills. Studies show virtual reality to be an effective analgesic intervention for people with chronic pain. Given user satisfaction, a lack of side effects such as cybersickness, and relief of comorbid symptoms, virtual reality has potential as a worthwhile adjunct to chronic pain management programs, thus enabling patients to take control of their symptoms.

Assessing Proprioception in an Older Population: Reliability of a Protocol Based on Active Movement Extent Discrimination

Proprioceptive ability - the sense of where body parts are located in space - is one of many factors thought to affect falls risk among the elderly. Active movement extent discrimination is an approach to measuring proprioception that is administered in an ecologically valid testing environment to better reflect the exercise of proprioceptive skills in daily life. The Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA) was developed to objectively measure this proprioceptive discrimination. However, the current absolute identification testing protocol is cognitively demanding, and it yields results that are insufficiently reliable to assess performance at the individual level. The objectives of this pilot study were to test the reliability and feasibility of a proposed new AMEDA testing protocol and to explore how performance related to cognitive ability and any perceived dysfunction in the foot or ankle. We tested 42 participants (aged 19 - 94 years) three times on the ankle AMEDA using a newly developed protocol that asked participants to report whether a given angle of ankle inversion was shallower or deeper than the immediately preceding inversion. Participants also completed the Stroop test, as a measure of cognitive ability, and two validated questionnaires for identifying foot or ankle dysfunction (the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure). The proportion of correct responses for the AMEDA test showed the expected sigmoid shape of the psychometric function as signal strength increased. The intraclass correlation coefficient measured over the three tests was 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.49 - 0.78), suggesting moderate reliability. We found a positive and statistically significant correlation between AMEDA performance and Stroop results but no relationship between the AMEDA score and questionnaire-measured foot or ankle dysfunction. This study confirmed that the alternative testing protocol was simple to administer and easily understood by participants.

Digital Measurement of Individual Motor and Proprioceptive Skills in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Prior to Total Knee Replacement.

In spite of consistent improvement in operative methods for total knee arthroplasty, individual motor deficits may lead to a lower outcome. The preoperative classification in individual motoric capacity may get more significance for the future. Complementary to established questionnaires and clinical tests, this pilot study should demonstrate that it is possible to generate a preoperative motor score using a force platform measurement (KMP). Compared to questionnaires the new score represents digital values suitable for everyday clinical use. In total 63 Patients were randomized selected on the day before a bicondylar total knee replacement. A mobile force platform KMP (Motosana) measured the parameter maximum force, power and balance. Fluctuation area was measured in mm² and fluctuation path in mm. One leg standing without holding, transient help or permanent holding at armrests were registered. The force (Newton) was measured while a modified cross lift exercise and power (Watt) by performing five squads. Based on comprehensive statistical consolidated data of maximum force, power and balance it was possible to create a new motor score "Knie Fit 1.0". Depending on interindividual performance patients were divided into those with higher or lower results. Regarding to their individual motor proprioceptive capacity we could also graduate patients into 4 different groups for force/power and balance. In total 17 of 63 patients offered a complex motor deficit, but on the other hand 17 different patients showed superior results in all categories. It is possible to measure the motor capacity of patients using the mobile force platform (KMP) in everyday clinical practice. Based on this data a new motor score "KnieFit 1.0" was generated and groups of patients with different insufficiencies were created. Further follow-up studies should proof and compare the pre- and postoperative outcome in this field. With "KnieFit 1.0" it may be possible to create an individual perioperative rehabilitation program for compensation of detected deficits.

Effects of Combining Running and Practical Duration Stretching on Proprioceptive Skills of National Sprinters.

Romero-Franco, N, Párraga-Montilla, JA, Molina-Flores, EM, and Jiménez-Reyes, P. Effects of combining running and practical duration stretching on proprioceptive skills of national sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1158-1165, 2020-Practical duration stretching after aerobic activities is a recommended component of the first part of warm-up because of its effects on performance. However, its effects on proprioceptive skills are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the effects of running and practical duration static stretching (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS) on postural balance and the joint position sense (JPS) of national sprinters. Thirty-two national sprinters were randomly classified into a SS group (n = 11), DS group (n = 11), or control group (n = 10). Static stretching performed 5 minutes of running and short-duration (20 seconds) static stretches; DS performed 5 minutes of running and short-duration dynamic (20 seconds) stretches; and the control group performed 5 minutes of running. Before and after the intervention, unipedal static postural balance and knee JPS were evaluated. Static stretching exhibited a more centralized center of pressure in the medial-lateral plane for unipedal static postural balance in right-leg support after stretching (p = 0.005, d = 1.24), whereas DS showed values further from the center after stretching for the same unipedal support compared with baseline (p = 0.042, d = 0.49), and the control group remained stable (p > 0.05). Joint position sense did not show significant differences in any group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, combining running and practical duration SS may be beneficial for right-leg postural stabilization, whereas DS may be partly and slightly deleterious. Both SS and DS combined with running and running alone have neutral effects on knee JPS. Sports professionals should consider running and practical duration SS as part of the warm-up of sprinters to partly improve unipedal static postural balance.

The effect of smart mirror environment on proprioception factors of children with Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of intellectual disability worldwide and the most common genetic disorder, which generates problems regarding the functionality and independence to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). This study aims at developing a smart mirror environment (SME) to assist in the evaluation of proprioception skills in children with Down syndrome (CwDS) through an automated analysis of corporal movements with RGB-D camera. The SME is implemented following a clinical protocol to objectively elicit cognitive and proprioceptive skills, in addition to practical needs and requirements raised by psychologists and physical therapists. The system is proposed as a complement to conventional assessments and motor development evaluation, providing support to professionals in generating objective parameters for analysis during physical training and therapy. The results demonstrate the significance of the parameters obtained in the assessment protocol with the virtual immersion generated by the SME, where the proprioception was evaluated and the kinesthetic sense was improved in 29.9%. In the same way, we found an important influence of the intervention with visual feedback, which can help CwDS to develop their skills more efficiently, such as in the body drawings made after using the SME, presenting human body design improvement compared with the drawings made before the interaction. This work enhances the importance of our quantitative assessment, which provides objective parameters of the proprioception progress in CwDS, indicating that they need more stimulation to satisfactorily develop certain body skills.

Playing with Imagined Others: Developing a Musical Ear in Conversation with Recordings

This article presents an analysis of musical skill development through transcription, playing along with recordings, and score reading. Grounded in Becker's understanding of music‐making as the product of collective action and Mead's notion of the self, I argue that musicians can form their musical ear and proprioceptive skills in playing in relation to an imagined musical other. The mechanisms through which imagined interactions form musical selves include use of contrast pairs, imagined reactions, and provision of exemplars to imitate. Recordings can take on such significance that they become the primary reference point for musicians' concepts of sound.

Exploring a touch-based flight control panel for pilots using tangible design principles

Touch technologies tend to replace the existing pilot-system interfaces in airliner cockpits. The use of touch screens offers many advantages for pilots and manufacturers. However it also presents major potential risks for air safety. In this paper, we explore the design space of future touch-based flight control panels for aircraft pilots. We attempt to design gestures that are more physical and robust in unstable conditions and require less visual focus, based on directional gestures and layouts that leverage spatial and proprioceptive skills. We observed the use of the control panel during a real flight in turbulent conditions. This let us explore the limits of touch-based interaction techniques in degraded contexts of use and to explore how tangible properties found in tangible and embodied interaction could help design these gestures. This also let us better understand the blurred frontier between touch-based and tangible interaction, and to reflect on interaction design principles in degraded contexts through the iterative building of an explicit design space.

Empathy is proprioceptive: the bodily fundament of empathy \u2013 a philosophical contribution to medical education

BackgroundThe current philosophical debate on empathy entails accounts of theory of mind and simulation as well as a phenomenological opposition. The first focuses on a detached observation of others from a 3rd person perspective and formulates the common claim that there is no direct access to the mental and emotional life of others, only simulation or analogy can grant access to the emotions and behaviour of others. The philosophical respectively phenomenological account of Fuchs instead opposes by focusing personal interaction within a 1st or 2nd person perspective claiming that the emotions of others are experienceable through bodily expression and bodily resonance. Fuchs offers an account of embodied affectivity that emphasizes the role of the (subjective) body for emotion and empathy. By experiencing the bodily expressed emotions of a vis-à-vis with and through the own body empathy and social understanding are bodily grounded. Following this core thesis Fuchs differentiates a primary, bodily empathy and an extended empathy that focuses on putting myself in the shoes of others (perspective taking).DiscussionBy comparison of different forms of social understanding as discussed in the phenomenological tradition – like contagion, sharing and empathy – it can be shown that extended empathy has an egocentric character. By putting myself in the shoes of others I miss a person’s otherness that transcends my capacity of imagination respectively the personal frame of my experience. Further Fuchs’ disregards that a bodily based empathy is co-structured by higher level form of understanding like contextual biographic knowledge.ConclusionThe philosophical discussion offers fertile impulses for Medical Education (ME) and the training of empathic communication skills. The account of Fuchs highlights the role of bodily perception (proprioception) as a resource of understanding others. Thus proprioceptive skills of a physician can support the empathic understanding of the physician. The objection against the egocentric trait of perspective taking admonishes not to generalize the own perspective as decisive for empathy and to adopt an attitude that remains open to the otherness of a patient and its experiences.

Comparison of an Innovative Rehabilitation, Combining Reduced Conventional Rehabilitation with Balneotherapy, and a Conventional Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes.

Instability of the knee, related to anterior cruciate ligament injury, is treated by surgical reconstruction. During recovery, a loss of proprioceptive input can have a significant impact. Few studies have evaluated the benefits of rehabilitation of the knee in aquatic environment on functional outcomes. This study aimed to compare an innovative rehabilitation protocol combining reduced conventional rehabilitation with aquatic rehabilitation, with a conventional rehabilitation, according to the National French Health Authority, in terms of kinetics, development of proprioceptive skills, and functional improvement of the knee. 67 patients, who were amateur or professional athletes, were randomized into two groups: 35 patients followed the conventional rehabilitation protocol (Gr1) and 32 patients followed the innovative rehabilitation protocol (Gr2). Patients were evaluated before surgery, and at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 6 months after surgery using posturography, and evaluation of muscular strength, walking performance and proprioception. This study is multicenter, prospective, randomized, and controlled with a group of patients following conventional rehabilitation (level of evidence I). For the same quality of postural control, Gr2 relied more on somesthesia than Gr1 at 6 months. The affected side had an impact on postural control and in particular on the preoperative lateralization, at 2 weeks and at 1 month. Lateralization depended on the affected knee, with less important lateralization in Gr2 preoperatively and at 1 month. The quadriceps muscular strength was higher in Gr2 than in Gr1 at 2 and 6 months and muscle strength of the external hamstring was greater in Gr2 than in Gr1 at 6 months. The isokinetic test showed a greater quadriceps muscular strength in Gr2. Gr2 showed a greater walking distance than Gr1 at one month. Gr2 showed an improvement in the proprioceptive capacities of the operated limb in flexion for the first 2 months. The effectiveness of the innovative rehabilitation program permits faster recovery, allowing for an earlier return to social, sporting, and professional activities. Faster retrieval of knee function following aquatic rehabilitation would prevent both short-term risk of lesions of the contralateral limb due to overcompensation and long-term risk of surgery due to osteoarthritis. NCT02225613.

The Effect of Real-Time Haptic Feedback on Kinesthetic Awareness and Motor Skill Performance

PURPOSE: Kinesthetic awareness is an individuals’ knowledge of their own body position and movements in space. Sensory integration is the process of combining inputs from proprioceptive receptors in muscles, mechanoreceptors in skin, and visual motor/visual spatial systems is critical to motor skill acquisition. We proposed that kinesthetic awareness training (KAT): the addition of haptic feedback in real time, to introduce secondary discriminatory system information into kinesthetic processing. We hypothesized that input will reinforce proprioceptive skills by merging a non-native input with native proprioceptive and visual system information, and subsequently cause an increase in accuracy in a single session of motor skill practice. METHODS: We assessed torso angle, a crucial control element that are common to many multi-joint, complex actions. Three subjects (19.7 ± 0.58 yrs) performed static and dynamic torso control movements with and without real-time haptic feedback. A wearable mini motion-capture-feedback device with embedded accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope and proximity sensors recorded continual positional data in 8 axes. The device provided haptic feedback (vibrations via tiny motor ) when the target parameters were achieved. After 5 repetitions of practice, alternating sets with and without real-time haptic feedback were measured, (2 sets of 5 and 10 repetitions). RESULTS: We analyzed posture control in 2 conditions in the beginning and end of a training session. An ANOVA was performed on normalized differences from the target means was significant in the initial training sets, (p &lt 0.01, F=4.2), and not significant in the final sets, (p = 0.09, 4.00). The results suggest a significant learning effect with KAT training after 30 repetitions. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests KAT training with haptic feedback could be a valuable teaching tool for improving somatosensory proprioception and kinesthetic awareness. Further investigations should examine if the KAT training leads to neural adaption and improved motor performance.

The Effect of Proprioceptive Exercise on Knee Active Articular Position Sense Using Biodex System 3pro®

In order to assess the impact of proprioceptive exercises on the position sense ability of the knee joint, we conducted an analysis using Biodex System 3pro®, targeting 42 ordinary people (male=22, female=20). After applyingproprioceptive exercise, we measured changes in balance and flexibility, and active articular position sense (AAPS), depending on gender. To find out the change in each measurement item variable, we carried out dependentt-tests. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. The research showed that after applying the proprioceptiveexercise, AAPS was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). In the case of women, the flexibility was significantly improved (p<.01). Also, the balance was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). Therefore, the proprioceptive exercise program is considered to be very useful in improving muscle and joint function, and preventing injuries. Thus, continuous clinical studies using Biodex system 3pro® are required for a variety of scientific evaluations of proprioceptive skills.

Proprioceptive skills and functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bone–tendon–bone graft

Several studies have shown that patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have an improved proprioceptive function compared to subjects with ACL-deficient knees. The measurement of functional scores and proprioception potentially provides clinicians with more information on the status of the ACL-reconstructed knees. To evaluate proprioception in patients following ACL reconstruction with a bone-tendon-bone (BTB) graft, we used the angle reproduction in the sitting, lying and standing positions and the one-leg hop test. Forty-five patients between 19 and 52 years of age were investigated in a 36-month period after the operation. For functional performance measurement, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was used. Very good and good results were seen in 95% of cases. All patients returned to the same activity level as seen before ACL repair. There was a significant difference in the active angle reproduction test between the ACL-reconstructed knees and normal knees in the active sitting position. Tests with passive angle adjustment in the sitting, lying and active standing positions did not show any differences in proprioceptive skills. Good to very good results in the one-leg hop test we found in 95% of patients. After ACL reconstruction, deficiencies in the active angle reproduction test were very small but, nevertheless, were still observed. Overall, the functional and proprioceptive outcomes demonstrate results to recommend the procedure.

Cognitive style, proprioceptive skills, task set, stress, and the rod-and-frame test of field orientation.

Cognitive style, proprioceptive skills, task set, stress, and the rod-and-frame test of field orientation.