Construction Of Propositions Research Articles

Middle-Range theory of the nursing diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle in young adults.

To construct a middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults. A methodological study for the validation of a nursing diagnosis based on a Middle-Range Theory, carried out in six stages: definition of the approach; definition of theoretical-conceptual models; definition of main concepts; development of a pictorial scheme; construction of propositions; establishment of causal relationships and evidence for practice. The theory construction was operationalized through an integrative review and supported by Roy's adaptation model. Three essential attributes were identified; 10 antecedents; 7 clinical consequences; a pictogram, 9 propositions, and 11 causal relationships and evidence for practice. The middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults was constructed, expanding the understanding of this phenomenon, to be applied in clinical practice by nurses.

Middle range theory for the nursing phenomenon Ineffective social support network.

To describe a middle range theory (MRT) with conceptual and explicative capacity of cause and effect situations of Ineffective social support network in nursing. Descriptive study developed through the Lopes, Silva, and Herdman theoretical-causal validity method, using five steps for theory construction: definition of the approach for constructing the MRT, definition of the main concepts, development of the pictorial diagram, construction of propositions, and establishment of causal relationships and evidence for practice. The foundation of these steps and the development of a predictive nursing theory occurred through Sanicola's Social Network Theory combined with studies from an integrative literature review using the six steps proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. The theory presents etiological factors and clinical indicators for Ineffective social support network, connecting situations related to the person, the members and the configuration of this network, and external situations. The pictogram, symbolically created, represents the hierarchical classification of proximal, intermediate, and distal etiological factors, and their relationship with clinical indicators. The MRT, predictive for the nursing phenomenon Ineffective social support network, provides understanding of the person from an interpersonal perspective, which interferes with and is affected by a network of virtues and vicissitudes, and has negative influences on health outcomes. Due to its practical vocation, this theory represents an advance in the science and praxis of nursing. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the nursing phenomenon Ineffective social support network and consequently support the identification of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective social support network, proposed for inclusion in the NANDA-I classification.

Exploring the Role of Context in Management Innovation Generation: A Case Study of a Pakistani Business Firm

Management innovation is an important source of sustained competitive advantage because of its context-specific nature. The current research contributes towards advancing an indigenous management innovation theory in the context of Pakistan. Previously, many studies have been conducted to build this theory in the context of developed economies. The current study draws mainly on institutional perspective. It explores how several individual and organizational contextual factors enable a business firm to implement a portfolio of new management practices to manage innovation in the textile sector. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. It resulted in exploring three contextual factors which remain critical to produce specific management innovations imperative for a company’s success. The findings allow the construction of propositions through encouraging future research. The implications for management theory and practice are also provided.

Impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure: a middle range nursing theory.

To develop a middle range nursing theory of impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure. Descriptive study of the cross type developed through the theoretical-causal validity method, which used six steps for theory building: Definition of the construction approach; Definition of theoretical-conceptual models; Definition of main concepts; Development of a pictorial scheme; Construction of propositions; and Establishment of causal relations and evidence for practice. Twenty-four articles were found, which identified two attributes, eight antecedents, and seven consequences, which gave rise to the pictogram, which schematized the concepts by relating them to cardiac physiology. Finally, 11 propositions and four causal relationships were created. The constructed theory enables a targeted driving of nurses' clinical judgment regarding impaired knowledge in individuals with heart failure, culminating in individualized interventions to improve quality of life.

Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot: a mid-range theory.

to develop a mid-range theory for nursing diagnosis ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot. the theory construction was carried out in six stages: approach definition; theoretical-conceptual model definition; definition of the main concepts; pictogram development; construction of propositions and establishment of causal relationships evidence for practice. twelve etiological factors and 22 clinical indicators were included in the theory, some of which were not listed in NANDA International (Inc.) and others were adapted to better characterize patients with diabetic foot. A pictogram was constructed and eight propositions were established to verify causal relationships and evidence for practice. medium-range theory made it possible to broaden the concepts and demonstrate the causal relationships between the elements of ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion, providing subsidies to minimize gaps in knowledge and assist clinical nursing practice.

Quanto il prendermi cura di te dice di me? Gli sguardi di chi lavora con la persona anziana in RSA a confronto

The present research is grounded in the authors’ experience of working with elderly people and their awareness of a cultural background that conceives the elderly in a rather preemptive and constellatory way. We used Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) as a lens to explore constructs and experiences around the caring relationship and assistance of elderly people, within a Nursing Home unit comprising social workers and nurses. From the thematic analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews emerged some commonalities in terms of preemptive and regnant constructions of their work and stereotypical constructions of the elderly person. Some minor difference emerged in terms of propositional constructions. The present study highlights the importance of facilitating supporting and developmental opportunities for care-providers.

On Presupposition Projection with Trivalent Connectives

A basic puzzle about presuppositions concerns their projection from propositional constructions. This problem has regained much attention in the last decade since many of its prominent accounts, including variants of the trivalent Strong Kleene connectives, suffer from the so-called *proviso problem*.This paper argues that basic insights of the Strong Kleene system can be used without invoking the proviso problem. It is shown that the notion of *determinant value* that underlies the definition of the Strong Kleene connectives leads to a natural generalization of the filtering conditions proposed in Karttunen's article ``Presuppositions of compound sentences'' (LI, 1973). Incorporating this generalized condition into an incremental projection algorithm avoids the proviso problem as well as the derivation of conditional presuppositions. It is argued that the same effects that were previously modelled using conditional presuppositions may be viewed as effects of presupposition suspension and contextual inference on presupposition projection.

Incidencia de una estrategia comunicativa en el fortalecimiento de las competencias del emprendimiento en estudiantes de quinto grado

En el presente artículo se documentan los aspectos más relevantes de un trabajo de investigación que buscó analizar la influencia de una estrategia comunicativa en el fortalecimiento de las competencias en emprendimiento de los estudiantes de quinto grado del colegio Panamericano IED. El estudio utiliza un enfoque de investigación mixto cuali-cuantitativo que usa como instrumentos de recolección de información una prueba estandarizada, encuesta tipo Likert, cuestionario con validación semántica y diarios de campo. Se realizó en el período marzo–noviembre de 2015, con una muestra de 25 estudiantes en edades de 10 a 14 años, que corresponden al 45% de la población, quienes pertenecen a los estratos 1, 2 y 3, de la ciudad de Bogotá. La investigación también se propuso determinar la relación existente entre competencias comunicativas, desarrollo del emprendimiento y herramientas neuropedagógicas tricerebrales. Dentro de los resultados se determinó que los estudiantes tienen mejor desarrollo de las competencias interpretativa y propositiva, mientras que en la competencia argumentativa existen dificultades relacionadas con la construcción de proposiciones que soporten y apoyen ideas centrales. En cuanto al emprendimiento, se evidencia que los estudiantes pueden ser buenos emprendedores y que tienen el perfil de un emprendedor, por lo que se hace importante potenciar las competencias en emprendimiento. También se concluyó que la estrategia comunicativa permitió fortalecer en el grupo la triada cerebral para nivelar los elementos del saber, hacer y ser.

A participação social na avaliação da política educacional: as conferências municipais de educação sob análise

Neste texto busca-se analisar a participação social na avaliação da política educacional mediante as conferências municipais de educação realizadas no município de Ananindeua/PA, no período de 2003 a 2011. A problemática foi expressa nos seguintes termos: a avaliação da política educacional implantada no município possibilitou que os segmentos sociais interessados participassem diretamente desse processo? Utilizamos a análise bibliográfica e documental. Como resultados consideramos a proporcionalidade como estratégia mais adequada nesse processo de avaliação e de construção de proposições à política municipal de educação. Apontamos que as metodologias identificadas a partir de projetos e relatórios das CMEs contribuem para a consolidação de processos de democratização da gestão educacional.Palavras-chave: avaliação, participação social, política educacional.

On the interaction of semantics and deduction in Transparent Intensional Logic (Is Tichý's logic a logic?)

It is sometimes objected that Tichý’s logic is not a logic because it underestimates deduction, providing only logical analyses of expressions. I argue that this opinion is wrong. First of all, to detect valid arguments, which are formulated in a language, there needs to be logical analysis to ascertain which semantical entities (Tichý’s so-called constructions) are involved. Entailment is defined as an extralinguistic affair relating those constructions. The validity of an argument, composed of propositional constructions, stems from the properties of the constructions. Such properties are displayed by the derivation rules of Tichý’s system of deduction.

Educação e competências para o SUS: é possível pensar alternativas à(s) lógica(s) do capitalismo tardio?

The transformations that have revolutionized the labor market in contemporary society make it necessary to think of new alternatives for training health care professionals, thereby establishing a new approach to the health problems of individuals and collectives. Based on these considerations, this paper sets out to discuss training in health--based on the concept of competence--with a focus on education for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), using attempts to analyze and propose an alternative to the system entrenched in the logic of late capitalism as a theoretical benchmark. It is thus a reflection on the subject, correlating theory and praxis, in constant and relentless movement of construction, deconstruction and (re)construction of propositions.

Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem na educação continuada em enfermagem

Este estudo, dotipo relato de experiência, objetivou escrever como o ambiente virtual de ensino Moodle, foi estruturado para o treinamento em serviço. Trata-se de um projeto educativo semipresencial, para controle de infecção de sítio cirúrgico, direcionado aos enfermeiros de um hospital universitário. Foi organizado com base no Modelo Skopos e baseado nos princípios interacionistas e humanistas. As atividades foram organizadas em tópicos direcionados para informar e atualizar os aspectos do tema central, gerar situações problematizadoras para ampliar a discussão individual e coletiva, promover a integração e incentivar a elaboração conjunta de uma proposta de ação. Os recursos do Moodle auxiliaram na escolha de estratégias de ensino com a finalidade de atualizar, como também de gerar a exposição de ideias, de promover a integração e a construção coletiva de proposições.

Sobre el concepto sintáctico de fase

The main purpose of this paper is to analize the syntactic concept of ‘Strong Phase’, —introduced in Chomsky (1998 & 1999)—, in order to define it and, consequently, to characterize univocally the propositional constructions that they are able to be defined as ‘Strong Phase’. Our interest is focused particulary in defending an agreement with the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of the Minimalist Program.This analysis is particularly suggestive and necessary in this moment, due to the important turn that Generative Grammar has adopted in relation with the so called Minimalist Program, which has modified in many aspects the precedent pattern of Principles and Parameters.

Accessibilité Pronominale Des Dét. N1 de (DÉT.) N2

The analysis of pronominal anaphora in dét. N1 de (dét.) N2 requires on the one hand a preliminary study of anaphora and of the relations supported by de, and on the other hand, an examination of referential functioning of propositional constructions. The analysis of the relations supported by de is seldom enough to determine whether the whole structure, or just a part of it, is favoured. Thus, the notion of "head" which underlies the principle of pronoun accessing and the preselective clauses must take into account the way of determining the different components of the Dét. N1 de (dét.) N2. The role of determiners is therefore essential : those introducing N2 just as well as those preceding the whole prepositional construction because they all can contribute to making the whole complex structure, or part of it, salient. Examining the distribution of the determiners does not allow us to list all the possible and impossible anaphoras ; it simply aims at building up an access and preference scale based on the notions of salience and accessibility. The identification of references requires a treatment taking many other factors into account: conceptual agreement in gender, immediate or remote contexts, argumentative structure, shared information, extra-linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge...

An algebraic synthesis of the foundations of logic and probability

This paper develops a unified algebraic theory of logic and probability based upon an initial Boolean algebra (logic) of propositions together with its extensionally associated Boolean algebra of models (probabilistic events) that satisfy the axioms of the Boolean algebra of propositions. A proposition may be true in some models and false in others, but each model must unambiguously assign “ true” or “ false” to each proposition. Thus the examples (models) in which different propositions are true may be all, some, or none according as those propositions are necessary, possible, or impossible. A probability measure P on the collection of models (events) induces a probability measure on the propositions. The crucial “if-then” relation is defined so that P(if p then q) equals P(q¦p), the conditional probability of q given p. This (conditional) probability is less than the probability of the material conditional, “ q or not p”, unless P( p)=1 or P(q¦p)=1. At these two extremes the two propositional constructions coalesce. Thus an additional relation, (q¦p), is needed in logic and probability, namely “ q given p”. This is accomplished in the algebraic logic generated by the various sum ideals (entailments) of various propositions that may serve as the explicit condition of a conditional proposition (q¦p). The corresponding relation, (B¦A), in the model realm defines the notion of a conditional event. In this context of algebraic logic and model theory, a new algebraic structure called the conditional closure L L of a Boolean logic L is defined, consisting of the ordered pairs (q¦p) of all propositions of L excluding those for which the condition p is equivalent ( = ) to 0, that is, impossible. The conditional closure is not altogether a Boolean algebra, not altogether distributive for instance, but it has many subalgebras that are Boolean, including L itself. This paper contains partially assumed formulas for operating on the conditional propositions, (q¦p), using “and”, “or”, “not”, and, of course, “if-then”. This allows complex conditional expressions to be reduced to simple conditionals of Boolean propositions, which have a conditional probability. An example calculation from the dice table illustrates how to simplify a compound conditional proposition and compute its probability. The structure of L L is explored, including the finite conditional closures of finite Boolean logics. Formulas are given for the probabilistic difference between familiar conditional propositions that are equivalent in the two-valued logic (where all propositions are either necessary or impossible) but not equivalent in the conditional closure of a logic with possible propositions. The probability that a proposition p is a theorem (true in all models) is contrasted from the probability of the models in which the proposition is true, the latter being P( p) while the former is P( p =1). This leads to a natural connection with fuzzy set theory, since “ p =1” can also be expressed as “ p ϵ (1)”, where (1) is the sum ideal (filter) of necessary propositions given the Boolean axioms. This paper ends with a representation of each conditional proposition (q¦p) as the P-measurable two-valued truth function of q restricted to those models that satisfy p.

Zur Problematik der Ableitung in sozialwissenschaftlichen Aussagensystemen / On the Problem of Deducing Valid Conclusions in Systems of Social Science Propositions. Part 2

Abstract The structure of some kinds of arguments typically to be found in theoretical-empirical social science is examined with special attention to the rules of deduction which in the majority of cases remain implicit. Four types of propositions - describing deterministic relations between attributes (statements of the form ‘if x, then y’), describing monotonous deterministic relations between serials (‘the more x, the more y’) and their probabilistic counterparts - as well as two classes of rules of deduction (based on the properties of transitivity and conjunctivity of corresponding statement forms) are treated. Of the propositions only those of the deterministic if-then kind are unproblematic. The thesis is advanced that most of those ‘arguments‘ presented in social science consisting of sentences of relatively complicated structures - using rules, however, which are exclusively valid for deterministic if-then-statements - are not correct. Deterministic propositions being discussed in Part One, Part Two treats probabilistic ones with the following results: (I) By considering the ‘statistical syllogism’ the non-conjunctivity of probabilistic implications is shown; (II) their non-transitivity follows from the fact that in complex causal structures direct and indirect effects may vary independently of each other. For the simplest case of three attributes a qualitative analogon to the Simon-Blalock-Procedure is constructed and illustrated by an example from mobility research. (Ill) If monotonous probabilistic relations are characterized by coefficients of linear correlation, in the general case no deductions are possible which would use a rule of transitivity. As a general solution to the problem of deducing valid conclusions it is suggested that the verbal language - which, though enriched by a technical vernacular, with respect to its formal apparatus is entirely based on elementary logics - should be replaced by languages of richer logical structures; this, however, means formalization. According to this function to warrant valid deductions the concept of formalization is specified and delimited from similar concepts as the construction of propositions within a linguistic framework of relatively rich logical structure which is given as a special calculus.