Proposed Treatment Method Research Articles

LOCALIZED PECTUS EXCAVATUM TREATED WITH BRACE AND EXERCISE: LONG TERM RESULTS OF A BRAZILIAN TECHNIQUE.

ABSTRACTObjective:Pectus excavatum is a deformity that affects aesthetics and causes emotional disorders. Surgical correction is well established, but conservative treatment is less common. We investigated the long-term results of using a brace and performing specific physical exercises to treat localized pectus excavatum, a type of deformity in which the depressed area is restricted to the midline region along the nipple line. Methods:We selected 115 patients (mean age 12.8 years), with a minimum follow-up of 36 months, who were evaluated more than one year after the end of treatment and skeletal maturity. Results were correlated with deformity flexibility, severity, regular use of the device, and performance of specific exercises. The chi-square (χ2) and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used for statistical analysis. Results:Treatment was successful in 58% of patients, however, when exercises were performed and the brace was used regularly by patients with flexible deformities, the rate increased to 83% (p = 0.005). Severity and adherence to treatment greatly impacted successful treatment (p = 0.009 and < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion:The proposed treatment method was effective for correction or partial correction of the deformity in motivated patients followed up until skeletal maturity, especially when started early in milder and more flexible deformities. Level of Evidence V, Expert opinion.

Результаты применения малоинвазивной двухэтапной декомпрессии с костной аллопластикой при аваскулярном некрозе головки бедренной кости

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a complex medical and social problem. The rapid development of the disease, the complexity of diagnosis and the prevalence among young patients leads to impaired hip joint function and further disability. To improve the quality of life of patients, the Orthopedic Department of the Traumatology Center of Khabarovsk developed a method of minimally invasive two-stage decompression. Surgical treatment was performed in 30 cases in patients with ANFH of stages 0, 1, 2 (by ARCO). Evaluation of treatment results was carried out before operative treatment, after 6 and 12 months. 12 months after surgical treatment, positive dynamics was noted, namely, pain reduction, a walking distance increase, abandonment of crutches, opportunity to use public transport, ability to sit for a long time in one and the same position, to put on shoes, and the abandonment of constant intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The assessment of hip joint function in 20% of cases showed an excellent result, in 26,6% of cases — a good result, in 40% — satisfactory, and in 13,3% (4 people) — unsatisfactory result, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed treatment method and the feasibility of its use.

Estimation of the effect of redox treatment on microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of anode materials of YSZ–NiO(Ni) system

The effect of reduction treatment in a high-temperature (600 °C) hydrogen-containing environment on the microstructure and tendency to brittle fracture of YSZ–NiO(Ni) materials for solid oxide fuel cell anodes has been studied. To assess the crack growth resistance of the ceramics, the Vickers indentation technique was adapted, which allowed estimating the microhardness and fracture toughness of the material in the complex.The requirements for high porosity of the anodes to ensure functional properties show that the strength may be an insufficient characteristic of the bearing capacity of the anode. More structurally sensitive characteristics are needed to assess its crack growth resistance.The average levels of microhardness of YSZ–NiO ceramics in the as-sintered state and YSZ–NiO(Ni) cermets (2.0 GPa and 0.8 GPa, respectively) and their fracture toughness (3.75 MPa·m1/2 and 2.9 MPa·m1/2, respectively) were experimentally determined.It was found that the microstructure of YSZ–NiO(Ni) cermet after redox treatment is formed by a YSZ ceramic skeleton with refined Ni-phase grains combined in a network, which provides increased electrical conductivity. Along with higher porosity of the cermet, its fracture toughness is not lower than that of the one-time reduced cermet due to the implementation of the bridging toughening mechanism of fracture.The proposed treatment method allowed forming the microstructure of the anode material, resistant to crack propagation under mechanical load. The propensity of the anode material to brittle fracture on the basis of evaluation of its crack growth resistance and analysis of the microstructure and fracture micromechanism was substantiated. This result is interesting from a theoretical point of view. From a practical point of view, the developed technique allows determining the conditions of redox treatment in the technology of manufacturing fuel cell anodes

Optimization of tactics of the acute varicotrombophlebitis

In this article the authors write about the main points of diagnostics and treatment of thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs surface veins, about the tactics of operative and conservative treatment in the hospital and at the outpatient stage in 38 patients. The proposed treatment method refers to the use of venotonics Venarus, oral fibrinolytic Thrombovazim and direct oral anticoagulants in combination with the basic treatment of this pathology. The proposed method is described in detail and the efficacy and safety of this treatment is analyzed in comparison with the standard therapy.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS

Analysis of Collapse Mechanism and Treatment Evaluation of a Deeply Buried Hard Rock Tunnel

Collapse is one of the most dangerous geological disasters in tunnel construction, and it is an urgent engineering problem which needs to be solved. Taking the collapse of the top of an actual tunnel face as an example, through field investigation and theoretical calculation methods, the mechanism of tunnel collapse was studied, and the treatment and evaluation of the collapse area were proposed based on field monitoring data. The results show that the extrusion and bulging deformation on the palm surface and the tensile fracture in the top inclined stratum led to the shear slip of the block along the structural surface and the local collapse of the surrounding rock. Based on the block theory, the potential unstable block at the top of the tunnel was successfully identified, and the treatment method of ‘protecting before filling and then digging’ was proposed. The comprehensive treatment measures of advance bolts, steel arch support, collapse backfill, and step excavation were adopted, with on-site monitoring followed up step by step. Based on the analysis of surrounding rock deformation and stress characteristics, in this paper we demonstrate that the treatment effects of the collapse area are good, and ensure the safety and smooth progress of construction. The proposed treatment method achieved the expected goal and was shown to be able to provide successful treatment for similar collapse cases of tunnel engineering.

Zero-Waste Recycling of Shelf-Cured Pre-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Laminae

The main objective of this study was to investigate a zero-waste restoration and reprocessing method of carbon/epoxy prepreg. We studied a series of chemical and thermal treatments to reshape and re-strengthen pre-impregnated (prepreg) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite rolls that were cured over the shelf, never been used, and would otherwise be discarded. The proposed treatment method is of high interest in minimizing solid waste and reducing the environmental footprint of polymer composites. We used a series of solvents (water, ethanol, N, N- Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Sulfuric Acid) to induce ductility in the scrap already rigid self-cured specimens. The chemical treatments of the scraps using mixtures of DMF-Water or DMF-Ethanol enhanced the ductility of the samples without any negative impact on the mechanical properties. However, the chemical treatment of scarps using a mixture of sulfuric acid with other solvents, could not improve the ductility of the samples. Heat pressing the chemically treated samples further enhanced the ductility of the samples and flattened the scrap composites. The recovered strength and modulus of the recycled prepreg CFRP reached a promising value of over 65% of the original properties, where the samples treated with a mixture of DMF-ethanol preserved their mechanical properties better than other treated samples. The simple, safe, and zero-waste recycling technique presented in this study has proven to be effective for closing the life cycle of a thermoset polymer composite.

Treatment of tendinous mallet finger deformity with a part of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon.

To introduce and evaluate an updated surgical technique for the treatment of tendinous mallet finger deformity. From April 2017 to September 2018, 13 cases of tendinous mallet finger deformity were treated. All patients had zone I extensor tendon rupture, with no residual tendon at the insertion for suture, and no avulsion fracture in the distal phalanx. Extensor tendon insertion reconstruction was realized by suturing the transferred portion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon with the proximal end of the extensor tendon via a constructed bone tunnel. The treatment efficacy of the enrolled patients was evaluated by using Dargan evaluation criteria post-operatively. All patients were followed up with an average duration of 10.6 months. At the last follow-up, 12 patients showed excellent function recovery and one case had unsatisfactory outcome according to the Dargan evaluation criteria. Satisfactory therapeutic outcome for the treatment of tendinous mallet finger deformity can be achieved by reconstructing extensor tendon insertion using a part of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, implying that the proposed treatment method is worthy of clinical application.

Staged surgical treatment of cholangiogenic abscesses of the liver

The aim of the work: to improve the results of treatment of patients with cholangiogenic liver abscesses by means of staged treatment methods using minimally invasive interventions.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. 82 patients with cholangiogenic liver abscesses aged 21 to 80 years who underwent 130 operations were examined and treated. The main group consisted of 40 (48.4 %) patients who underwent ultrasound-controlled drainage of abscess cavities (stage I), followed by removal of the source of cholangiogenic abscesses (stage II). The comparison group consisted of 42 (51.6 %) patients who underwent rehabilitation and drainage only with laparotomy access.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. Minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment included ultrasound-controlled drainage with simultaneous rehabilitation of abscess cavities. The dimensions of the cavities averaged (150±23.3) cm³. One drainage was used to drain the liver abscess with a diameter of up to 10.0 cm. When the diameter of the abscess was more than 5.0 cm, drainage was carried out by two single-lumen tubes followed by suction-flow washing of the abscess cavity. Monitoring the standing of the drainage and reducing the cavity of abscesses was carried out on 3, 7, 14 days after setting. The drainage tube was removed after the disappearance of the cavity according to ultrasound and control fistulography, which coincided with the normalization of the general condition and body temperature, the disappearance of signs of purulent intoxication. Duration of drainage averaged from 7 to 30 days (an average of 15.2). The proposed treatment method is not very traumatic, the ability to control the effectiveness of the treatment, and most importantly – positive results in 87 % of patients. Second stage in 38 (95 %) was performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy of technical features. The optimal duration of stage II was considered (13±3) days after extraction of the drainage. In the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiogenic liver abscesses, it is necessary to use puncture ultrasound-controlled drainage methods. The stage-by-stage treatment of cholangiogenic liver abscesses with rehabilitation of the abscess cavity made it possible to reduce the incidence of sepsis from 9.5 to 2.5 %, reduce postoperative mortality in extremely severe patients to 2.4 %, and develop complications by 7.3 %.

Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating PVA-treated recycled aggregate

In this paper, an experimental study was undertaken to improve the fresh and hardened characteristics of normal (NS) and high strength (HS) self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes made with recycled aggregate (RA). An easy-to-perform treatment method was proposed to enhance RA properties: in this method, RA was first subjected to partial removal of adhered mortar, then treated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution for 24 hours. A series of SCC mixes, varying in w/c ratio and coarse aggregate type, including natural aggregate (NA), recycled aggregate (RA), and treated recycled aggregate (TRA), were prepared for this investigation. All mixes were investigated in their fresh state using slump flow and J-ring tests, and in their hardened state using compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity tests. The results demonstrated that the proposed treatment method is reliable in terms of improving the properties of RA. With the exception of the passing-ability test for RA concrete mixes, all tested SCC mixes met the self-compactibility and segregation resistance criteria. Additionally, the investigated hardened properties of TRA self-compacting concrete mixes were improved significantly by using the proposed treatment method compared with those of untreated RA concrete mixes.

RESULTS OF ACUTE PURULENT CHOLANGITIS TREATMENT WITH GENETIC ENGINEERING ANALOGUE OF DORNAZE-ALPHA NATURAL ENZYME

The aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of surgical treatment of patients with acute purulent cholangitis. Materials and methods: The research is based on the analysis of the treatment results in 104 patients with acute purulent cholangitis. The volume of surgical interventions on the biliary tract in patients was as follows: endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) + naso-biliary drainage; EPST + laparoscopic cholecystectomy; cholecystectomy + choledocholithotomy + drainage of the common bile duct. Results: The APACHE-2 scale assessment for patients in the control group was 12,80 ± 1,73, with the SOFA scale - 4,32 ± 0,31 points. Accordingly, the assessment for patients in the main group with the APACHE-2 scale is 11.76 ± 0.81, with the SOFA scale - 4.33 ± 0.79 points. The results obtained in both the control and the main group indicate that the physiological reactions of the organism to the disease, treatment, development of organ dysfunction are reflected in the integrated severity assessment scales. Conclusion: The performed analysis of clinical and laboratory results of treatment in both groups established the high efficiency of the proposed treatment method in patients with acute purulent cholangitis, which promotes the more rapid medical and social rehabilitation in this category of patients.

Experience of Combined External Therapy of Labial Herpes

The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined external use of penciclovir 1% and methyluracil 5% in the treatment of labial herpes.Materials and methods. Under observation were 24 patients with labial herpes, aged 18 to 49 \ years, divided into 2 comparison groups. Patients of the main group every 2 hours, with the exception of the sleep period, were prescribed external therapy, including penciclovir 1% and methyluracil 5%, for 10 days. Patients of the comparison group received monotherapy with penciclovir 1% according to a similar procedure. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated by the regression of clinical symptoms: the disappearance of subjective sensations, vesicles, erosion, the formation of a crust and complete epithelization. The safety of the proposed method of therapy was evaluated by the incidence of adverse side effects.Results. Based on the analysis of the results of therapy, it was found that the regression of clinical manifestations in the main group occurred earlier than in the comparison group. So, in the group of patients receiving combined treatment, rashes regressed on the 3rd –6th day from the start of therapy, and in the comparison group on the 4th – 8th day of the treatment, which was due to longer periods of epithelization and discharge of the crusts. The dependence of the effectiveness of therapy on the relapse rate of labial herpes in both comparison groups was noted. Reducing the duration of rehabilitation is associated with the epithelizing effect of methyluracil. The tolerability of the proposed treatment method in all patients was satisfactory. Adverse adverse reactions during treatment were not identified.Conclusions. The proposed method for the external treatment of labial herpes is effective and safe, helps to reduce the time of epithelization, and is well tolerated by patients.

ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ПАРОДОНТА У ЖІНОК, ЯКІ ПРИЙМАЮТЬ ГОРМОНАЛЬНІ КОНТРАЦЕПТИВИ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ЛАЗЕРНОЇ ДОППЛЕРІВСЬКОЇ ФЛОУМЕТРІЇ

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Urgency. Periodontal disease is the most common human diseases. As etiologic factors among systemic diseases an important role is played by disorders of the sexual system, especially in women. Due to the use of hormonal contraceptives with estrogens, they have developed periodontal disease. For the treatment of these lesions a special method of treatment is proposed. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.Aim: To determine the clinical effectiveness of the proposed method of complex treatment of periodontal diseases in women taking hormonal contraceptives for pregnancy planning, by estimating the blood flow in periodontal microvessels by laser Doppler flowmetry.Materials and methods. Clinical studies performed on a group of 130 women taking hormonal contraceptives for pregnancy planning with periodontal diseases. Patients were conducted a comprehensive examination of periodontal tissue before treatment and after treatment. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment used Schiller-Pisarev test 1962), the index of PMA by C.Parma (1961), hygienic index by Green J.C., Vermillion J.R. (1964). Laser Doppler Flowmetry was used to evaluate the treatment efficacy.Results. As a result of the study it was found that the use of the proposed method of treatment with the drug "Normoven" can more effectively suppress dystrophic-inflammatory process in the tissues of the periodontium. This confirms ин the reduction of periodontal indices, improvement of oral hygiene, improvement of microcirculation in the tissues of periodontal patients.Conclusions. The application of the proposed treatment method increases the level of microcirculation in the gums of women with periodontal diseases who have taken oral contraceptives for the purpose of pregnancy planning.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Analytical approach to the reaction cross section of the fusion of protons with boron isotopes aimed at cancer therapy

In recent years, the nuclear reaction known as proton-boron fusion has been thoroughly investigated, because it has been proposed as a suitable agent capable of significant improvements in cancer therapy with protons. Thereby, precise knowledge about physical properties involved represents the main strategy to assess actual potential of the proposed treatment method based on proton-boron fusion. In this work, the effective reaction cross section is studied from a theoretical point of view, and a direct application to the inelastic collisions distribution provided by Monte Carlo simulations is reported, weighting the importance of the reaction in the energy deposition process, and hence providing useful insight in the localized nature of the technique.

MODELLING IKPOBA RIVER WATER QUALITY USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) METHOD

This paper examined the effects of brewery wastewater on the quality of water in Ikpoba River which has experienced significant pollution over the years, with the intention of determining the main pollutant in the river water. Samples were recovered from eight (8) different locations covering a total distance of 750 m: one sample from upstream at 150 m from the effluent discharge location, two samples from effluents discharge point and five samples from downstream location at 150 m interval. Samples were taken twice monthly in March, May and July, 2014 during period of intense activity of production. The physcio-chemical analyses of the twenty-five (25) selected parameters were calculated and values obtained were used to calculate the water Quality index of the river. The results indicated that Ikpoba River is severely polluted (WQI = -5429792.89, in SN1, March, 2014) as a result of untreated brewery effluent hence Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the parameter that contributes mainly to the pollution and those that contributed minimally. Evaluation of the PCA results shows that the only reoccurring parameter is Copper hence it is concluded that Copper is the only component factor that influences the river water quality throughout the period under study. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that any proposed treatment method must be targeted at the removal of copper in addition to other factors of high contributory effects.

Non-parametric statistical test for testing exponentiality with applications in medical research.

The aim of designing the non-parametric statistical test in this paper is to assess some treatment methods by studying the failure behavior of the observed survival data. A treatment method represents the application of different healthcare interventions for the cure or reduction of disease-related symptoms. The survival times of patients are registered after applying the proposed treatment method. The behavior of the observed data in this paper is assumed to enjoy an increasing failure rate or constant failure rate (exponential case) property. If the survival data have increasing failure rate property, then the proposed treatment method is useless (has negative influence on patients) and another method should be recommended, while if the collected data have exponential property, then the proposed treatment method has no positive or negative influence on patients. To guarantee a right assessment using the proposed statistical test, its efficiency and power are calculated and compared with other tests. The proposed statistical test is applied in case of some cancer treatments.

ШЛІФУВАННЯ ФАСОННИХ ПОВЕРХОНЬ НА ВЕРСТАТІ ВЗ-208-Ф3

Urgency of the research. Grinding of the shaped surfaces on the equipment with wide technological possibilities enables productive and accurate processing of the complex parts. Its use in mechanical engineering is possible both in the main production and in repair and restoration. Target setting. At present, one of the ways out of a grave crisis is the formation of machine building and metalworking. In the total volume of metal processing, the percentage of parts with complex surfaces continuously increasing, which significantly affect the technical and economic performance of machines. These details include: blades of gas and steam turbines, asterisks of cars differentials, molds, rolling rolls of rolling mills, body parts of ships, missiles, planes, disk, cylindrical, end cam, and others. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Special difficulties in the processing of shaped surfaces results in the processing of precision shaped surfaces in the conditions of mass production as well as mass production. The treatment of these surfaces differs from the treatment of simple surfaces with vividly detected non-stationary, the level of which significantly influences the choice of the technological process of processing these surfaces, as well as equipment for their processing. Therefore, before choosing technology and equipment, it is necessary to analyze the patterns that are inherent in the processing of shaped surfaces. Taking into account the change in the range of treated surfaces, as well as to improve the accuracy of processing, it is advisable to use numerically controlled machine tools. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. In the process of removing the drop and shaping the required surface, the tool moves not in the normal. On a machine model MA-369-Ф3 the grinding wheel moves only in one direction, that is, will be reciprocating motion. It is necessary to take into account the radius of the grinding wheel. It is necessary to offer such equipment, which will solve this problem. The research objective. The purpose of this work is researchіng the opportunity of shaped surface grinding on the machine VZ-208-F3. The statement of basic materials. On the machine model of the VZ-208-F3 is the ability to handle the grinding wheel, which moves in two coordinates, that is, a plan of processing with plane-translational motion is carried out. With a reciprocating motion, the removal of the abutment will be carried out in parallel curves, while plane-translational - by the equidistance. In the process of processing, the grinding wheel is constantly wearing out and requires periodic editing, which must be taken into account when compiling the control program, ie each working circuit must be programmed separately. On the machine VZ-208-F3 (plane-translational motion) is possible to exclude the influence of the radius of the grinding wheel, and, consequently, its wear, on the accuracy of shaping. In this case, the control program requires periodic additional supplies, the processing contour does not change. At the finishing process there is a constant refinement of the processing profile. Conclusions. It is possible to process details of the type of cam on the machine VZ-208-F3 with CNC 2С42 with the plane-translational processing scheme. The developed method allows to improve the accuracy of processing by removing the admission by the equidistant curves, not taking into account the radius of the grinding wheel. The control program is greatly simplified, since it requires only one cam profile and periodic additional traps that take into account the wear and tear of the grinding wheel and its editing. The proposed treatment method can be used in serial production, where it is often necessary to switch to diverse products, as well as during repair and restoration works.

Perencanaan Perawatan Mesin Pump 107 Dengan Metode Reability Centered Maintenance (RCM) di PT. Petrokimia Gresik

PT. Petrokimia Gresik is one of the largest fertilizer companies in Indonesia, locatedin Gresik, East Java. The pump 107 engine on the Ammonia unit is often damaged due to itslargest size compared to other types of pumps, as well as the result of carrying thick orconcentrated fluid (bluish black) so that it is heavy for the drainage process. The purpose ofthis study is to plan and recommend the proposed treatment method on the pump enginebased on the method used to improve the working efficiency of the pumping machine 107and determine the failure mode and diagnosis of the effects of failure modes that occur in thecomponent. The method used is the Reability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method whichis expected to be able to produce maintenance or maintenance scheduling that is increasinglydirected so that it can improve the performance and efficiency of the engine, reduce repaircosts, and extend the service life of the machine itself. From this study, the results are in theform of Faliure Model And Effect Analysis (FMEA), FMEA table preparation is carried outbased on component function data and maintenance reports which can then be determined byvarious failures resulting in malfunction. From the compilation of FMEA, it can be seenwhat the causes of failure are and what impacts they have caused. Next, the value of MeanTime Between Failure (MTBF) pump 107-JA is 15,829 hours, pump 107-JB is 43,764 hoursand pump 107-JCM is 19,578 hours. Maintainability M (t) or Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)value on pump 107-JA is 2,914 hours, pump 107-JB is 3,411 hours, and pump 107-JCM is3,1 hours, Availability A (t) value is pump 107-JA at 84.44%, pump 107-JB at 92.76% andpump 107-JCM at 86.31%. The last one is found that the failure rate of pump 107-JA is0.063172, pump 107-JB is 0.02284 and pump 107-JCM is 0.051.

Upon possibilities of simultaneously “radical and sparing” endovitreal removal of choroidal melanoma

Relevance. The endoresection of the choroidal melanoma (CM) is carried out from its top to the base with the formation of surgical coloboma within the healthy choroid visible in the operating microscope, which does not guarantee the absence of residual tumor cells in it at the microscopic level. Excision of the choroid with a large amount of healthy tissues leads to a risk of unnecessary resection of functionally significant tissues with corresponding loss of vision, especially in juxtapapillary and paramacular localization of CM.&#x0D; Purpose: to develop a method to increase the radicality of endovitreal removal of the choroidal melanoma while achieving the maximum functional result.&#x0D; Material and methods. At the basis of the radical and sparing endovitreal removal of CM lays the principle of micrographic Mohs-surgery used in the treatment of skin cancer. When CM of paramacular localization is mushroom-shaped, the tumor peak often hangs over the macular zone and prevents its visualization and does not allow to determine true boundaries of the CM base in this area. In this situation, it is possible to carry out an endoresection of CM under video endoscopic control.&#x0D; Results. According to the proposed method, 3 patients were operated: 2 men and 1 woman. All patients in the pre-operative period had exudative retinal detachment, in 1 of them it was vesicular. For the maximum period of observation, all 3 patients are alive, in none of them metastatic lesions and tumor recurrence were detected. All eyes have been preserved. The best corrected visual acuity was: in patient No 1 0.3; in patient No 2 0.4; in patient No 3 0.1.&#x0D; Conclusion. The proposed treatment method makes possible to carry out the most radical endovitreal removal of CM, which at the same time is sparing for functionally significant healthy surrounding tissues with a decrease in intra- and postoperative complications.

Stability enhancement of ITO-free non-inverted PTB7:PC71BM solar cell using two-step post-treated PEDOT:PSS

The conductivity and stability of specially treated PEDOT:PSS thin films are investigated. Based on the proposed treatment method, ITO-free PTB7:PC71BM organic solar cells are fabricated and the electrical properties of the cells are analyzed. It is shown that by applying a two-step post-treatment method using methanol and ethylene glycol, the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS thin film increases from 0.9 to 1448 S/cm, and at the same time, a significant improvement of the stability of the layer over time is achieved. It is shown that after 30 days of aging under high humidity condition, the conductivity remains above 70% of its initial value, which is a remarkable result compared with the results reported in the literature. In this paper, important factors affecting the conductivity and stability of the treated layer are studied in detail. In addition, the effect of immersion time in methanol on the conductivity of the layer is also investigated and it is found that dipping times less than 3 min have no appreciable effects on the improvement of the conductivity. An ITO-free non-inverted PTB7:PC71BM solar cell is also fabricated using the proposed post-treated PEDOT:PSS thin films as the transparent anode. The power conversion efficiency of the resulting cell is 5.8%. The stability of the fabricated ITO-free cells is considerably better than the stability of the non-treated ITO-free cells or the cells made using ITO as anode.