Proposed Sampling System Research Articles

The evacuated canister method of personal sampling

Although there is a recognised need for routine monitoring of the exposure of operating theatre staff to waste anaesthetic gases, there is as yet no standard method for carrying out such measurements. We have assessed a commercial version of one proposed sampling system--the evacuated canister--by testing it in the laboratory and also using it to carry out pilot surveys in operating theatres. We encountered many difficulties in using the system; some of these were caused by design faults in the commercial equipment, but others are inherent in the concept of using an evacuated canister for personal sampling.

A Methodology for Defining an Operational Synoptic Temporal Oceanic Sampling System. II. Nonstationary Conditions

Using oceanic wind data, effects of nonstationary events on the spectral computation of wind speed and wind direction were estimated by analysing stationary records before and after superimposing spike and shift nonstationarities. The differences of the results show that the inclusion of nonstationarities in environmental sampling can produce large errors in the data and their analysis. It is concluded that specialized observational techniques are required for nonstationary time series for any efficient environmental sampling system. A hypothetical sampling system is proposed which provides for filtering the stationary environment as described in Part I and continuous checking for the occurrence of nonstationarities. Significant nonstationarities are reported separately and not included in stationary processing. As an example of a nonstationary detector, a simple automated method to detect and report wind shift nonstationarities was developed. It is concluded that not only does the proposed sampling system improve the synoptic observation value, but it also satisfies the special observation requirement for weather transmissions. It is further stated how such a system allows an increase of the minimum spacing between observation stations, thus increasing the cost-effectiveness of the observational network.