Proposed Performance Index Research Articles

Performance analysis among different acquisition systems for process control

Data acquisition systems are crucial when implementing control and automation strategies correctly and on time. The knowledge of the sampling time is one of the relevant features to ensure that the sampled data properly represent the process variable. This paper describes the development of a performance index to measure continuously and in real-time the sampling time behavior of typical control and automation systems. To test this index two different architectures are used. The first one uses a data acquisition board plugged directly into the computer bus, and the second one uses a Programmable Logic Controller communicating with a computer through either Industrial Ethernet with OPC or the serial Modbus RTU protocol. In all cases, a custom software application is implemented to calculate the performance index when the sampling time is provided by the Operating System’s timer interrupt service. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed performance index can be useful to assess the sampling time behavior or to assist in decision-making about hardware and software choices.

Modeling and simulation of practical quantum secure communication network

As the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology supporting the pointto-point application matures, the need to build the Quantum Secure Communication Network (QSCN) to guarantee the security of a large scale of nodes becomes urgent. Considering the project time and expense control, it is the first choice to build the QSCN based on an existing classical network. Suitable modeling and simulation are very important to construct a QSCN successfully and efficiently. In this paper, a practical QSCN model, which can reflect the network state well, is proposed. The model considers the volatile traffic demand of the classical network and the real key generation capability of the QKD devices, which can enhance the accuracy of simulation to a great extent. In addition, two unique QSCN performance indicators, ITS (information-theoretic secure) communication capability and ITS communication efficiency, are proposed in the model, which are necessary supplements for the evaluation of a QSCN except for those traditional performance indicators of classical networks. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed QSCN model and the necessity of the proposed performance indicators are verified by plentiful simulations results.

Distributed zone MPC of pressure management for water distribution network systems

In the pressure management of large scale water distribution network (WDN), a distributed zone model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to keep the terminal water head in thedesired pressure range for satisfying the customer's demand, avoiding frequently operating of the actuator and reducing the correlation between subsystems. To ensure the existence of feasible solutions of constrained distributed zone MPC, a new reference trajectory of the tank level is introduced as an optimised variable. With the consideration of the desired pressure range constraints on the new reference trajectory and some physical constraints on the corresponding physical variables, a distributed zone MPC is presented to minimise the weighted sum of the three terms in the proposed performance index. To achieve the convergence of distributed zone MPC optimisation problem, an augmented Lagrangian formulation is applied to the distributed coordinated strategy. The proposed distributed zone MPC is applied to the WDN in the Shinan district of Shanghai, and the effectiveness of the method is illustrated.

ASSESSMENT OF THE NEED FOR VEGETABLES IN ACCORDANCE WITH RATIONAL NORMS OF CONSUMPTION

Problems of proper nutrition and health of citizens are becoming increasingly important every year. A significant number of chronic non-communicable diseases have been observed in Russia and its regions for several years. Thus, according to the Territorial body of the Federal state statistics service for the Irkutsk region in 2017, the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system was 615 people per 100 thousand people, 218 people per 100 thousand people died from neoplasms. The reason for the increase in the incidence of population researchers believe the change in socio-economic structure, lifestyle and diet. At the same time, the President of the Russian Federation defined the task of achieving the average life expectancy of Russians at the level of 78 years in the may Decree of 2018. Currently, for the Irkutsk region, this figure is at the level of only 69 years and at the current rate of growth by 2024 will reach only 75 years. In this regard, we need a set of measures aimed at improving the health, living and working conditions of citizens of the country, which can be implemented, including through ensuring a normal diet of life and consumption of basic products, including vegetables, at a level not lower than the rational norms of their consumption. The article presents an assessment of the capacity and potential of the market of vegetable products on the materials of the Irkutsk region, the main producers, exporters, importers of vegetables, the forecast of shortage of vegetables. Social efficiency in achieving the proposed performance indicators will be determined by increasing the life expectancy of the population, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with malnutrition, and the ratio of the obtained favorable social results to the costs to achieve them. Economic efficiency will be expressed by assessing the impact of the results achieved in the framework of program activities on the formation of the gross product, ensuring the dynamics of economic growth and increasing productivity, as stated in the presidential decree and Federal national projects until 2024. The practical application of vegetable demand calculations in accordance with rational consumption norms can be used in the process of marketing research to identify the potential market entry of new players or increase the production of fresh vegetables by their existing producers.

Kinematic design optimization for anthropomorphic robot hand based on interactivity of fingers

The human hand provides excellent grasp capabilities by using the interaction of the thumb and other fingers, and thus, how to dextrously interact with each other can represent the performance of the robot hand. This paper presents the kinematic design optimization for an anthropomorphic robot hand based on the interactivity of fingers. We propose a new performance index, called ‘interactivity of fingers (IF),’ which is useful for quantifying the multifingered precision grasping capability of the robot hand. Using the IF, the kinematic model of an anthropomorphic robot hand is optimized. The optimization is performed by using the genetic algorithm, and position and orientation of the thumb’s saddle joint are systematically determined. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed performance index, IF of existing hands and that of the optimized model are compared. As a result, the IF of the optimized robot hand is almost five times larger than those of the other hands and the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed.

Numerical investigations of optimal phase change material incorporated into ventilated walls

Phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively integrated with ventilated walls to improve their thermal performance and the indoor thermal comfort, and the optimal PCM could gain the best improvement. However, there were few studies on the optimal PCM incorporated into ventilated walls. To accurately obtain the optimal PCM, a series of numerical models, including indoor air, soil and an active-passive ventilated wall with PCM, were developed and validated by an experiment. Then both phase change temperature and heat of fusion of PCM were changed and written into the developed models, and their effect on different performance indicators, namely heat storage density, heat storage efficiency and minimum indoor air temperature, was discussed. Finally, the optimal PCM was determined with different objectives, and potential PCMs were recommended. The results showed that the change trend of the optimal heat of fusion of PCM was opposite with different with different objectives, but the relationship between the optimal phase change temperature and the optimal heat of fusion was fitted into a curve. With the multiple objectives of maximizing all of the proposed performance indicators, the optimal PCM was at the connection point between the minimum indoor air temperature curve and the relationship fitting curve.

Absolute Instantaneous Optimal Control Performance Index for Active Vibration Control of Structures under Seismic Excitation

In this paper, an instantaneous optimal control performance index for active control of structures under seismic excitation is analytically proposed. Absolute velocity and absolute displacement terms are implemented to the conventional state vector terms and eventually to the resulting performance index expression. The seismic response reduction effectiveness of the proposed performance index is compared with the linear quadratic regulator control (LQR). For numerical verification of the performance index, an eight‐story shear building with a fully active tendon controller system under unidirectional earthquake is considered as the first example. For a more complex model, a three‐dimensional tier building under the effect of bidirectional earthquakes is selected as second numerical example. Unidirectional near fault and bidirectional near fault earthquakes are used in the simulations. The control energy demand of each control method is also considered in the comparison. It is obtained from numerical simulations that the proposed performance index is as effective as LQR in attenuating structural vibrations. However, the resulting performance index does not require a priori knowledge of the seismic excitation like the LQR. The nonlinear Riccati matrix equation solution of the LQR is not required in the proposed performance index as well.

DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING ACCESS AND QUALITY OF FOOD FOR POPULATION

The population of our planet is growing every year and its growth by 2050 will exceed the potential of agriculture and will not be able to provide food security in General. This problem is the subject of the study. The article considers the existing programs of the Russian Federation aimed at supporting domestic producers of agricultural raw materials and food, ensuring the availability and quality of food in the food market. Foreign experience in the creation and implementation of programs in these areas has been studied. The article presents an assessment of the consequences of sanctions on the total cost of trade flows between the European Union and Russia. The study was carried out on the example of data on the Irkutsk region. An element of scientific novelty is the consideration of approaches to solving the problem of food security not only from the state, producers of agricultural raw materials and food, but also from its consumers – the population. Social efficiency in achieving the proposed performance indicators will be determined by increasing life expectancy, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with poor nutrition, and the ratio of the obtained favorable social results to the costs to achieve them. At the same time, economic efficiency will be expressed by assessing the impact of the results achieved in the framework of the program activities on the formation of the gross product, increasing labor productivity and ensuring the dynamics of economic growth. The practical application of the proposed directions of improving the availability and quality of food for the population will improve the efficiency of the food market and create conditions for the formation of the state of protection of the Russian subjects from the threats of food security.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THERMOGRAPHY FOR ENERGY BALANCE IN ATHLETES – STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PARADIGMS

ABSTRACT This article aims to describe the evolution of techniques that have enabled the proper application of the Laws of Thermodynamics for physical activity and athletes. The objective is to propose performance indicators to help add information to the current indices used in medicine and sports, such as the lactate threshold and maximum oxygen consumption. A number of analyses of the results obtained by the group were carried out for this purpose. Moreover, a discussion regarding which techniques would provide a better response to the measurements was analyzed. Some examples are the substitution of the treadmill running test with the stationary bicycle (known performed work), and a literature search in order to measure internal temperature more accurately. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.

Quantitative diagnosis for bearing faults by improving ensemble empirical mode decomposition

In the bearing health assessment issues, using the adaptive nonstationary vibration signal processing methods in the time-frequency domain, lead to improving of early fault detection. On the other hand, the noise and random impulses which contaminates the input data, are a major challenge in extracting fault-related features. The main goal of this paper is to improve the Ensemble Empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm and combine it with a new proposed denoising process and the higher order spectra to increase the accuracy and speed of the fault severity and type detection. The main approach is to use statistical features without using any dimension reduction and data training. To eliminate unrelated components from faulty condition, the best combination of denoising parameters based on the wavelet transform, is determined by a proposed performance index. In order to enhance the efficiency of the EEMD algorithm, a systematic method is presented to determine the proper amplitude of the additive noise and the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) selection scheme. The fault occurrence detection and the fault severity level identification are performed by the Fault Severity Index (FSI) definition based on the energy level of the Combined Fault-Sensitive IMF (CFSIMF) envelope using the central limit theorem. Also, taking the advantages of a bispectrum analysis of CFSIMF envelope, fault type recognition can be achieved by Fault Type Index (FTI) quantification. Finally, the proposed method is validated using experimental data set from two different test rigs. Also, the role of the optimum denoising process and the algorithm of systematic selection of the EEMD parameters are described regardless of its type and estimating the consistent degradation pattern.

Optimal formation control and collision avoidance in environment with multiple rectangle obstacles

This paper addresses formation control problem with collision avoidance for general linear multi-agent systems via an optimal control strategy. In the proposed optimal control strategy, a novel potential function is designed to accomplish formation of multi-agent systems (MASs) with obstacle/collision avoidance capability, which can avoid rectangle obstacles accurately. In this potential function, a novel relative velocity based self-adaptive detection region is proposed to avoid collisions with adjacent agents. Moreover, a non-quadratic avoidance performance index is constructed based on inverse optimal control approach. Then, the optimal control strategy is designed to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system and optimality of the proposed performance index. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Low carbon unit commitment (LCUC) with post carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology considering resource sensitivity

This paper proposes a new methodology for scheduling of thermal generation plants equipped with Amine based post combustion carbon capture technology. The methodology develops a generic and simplified model for operational planning of thermal generators through unit commitment. The performance indices developed in this paper can accommodate the resource sensitivity of the fuel used for combustion. The proposed performance indices are coupled to unit commitment procedure through intelligent scheduling methodology considering both economic and environmental concerns of the system. The proposed models can be readily integrated into the unit commitment algorithm using the test system data and fuel composition. The same provides a simple and near appropriate model to consider resource sensitivity as compared to detailed (or) dedicated modeling carried out in Aspen, APEA, promax etc. The impact of resource sensitivity and scheduling strategy has been illustrated using a 10 unit thermal generation test system with amine based post combustion carbon capture technology. The resource sensitivity of the model has been demonstrated using three different compositions of fuel/coal viz. sub-bituminous, bituminous and lignite coals. The simulation results of resource sensitivity at various capture efficiencies are presented and discussed in detail with respect to various performance indices developed. The models developed in this paper can be integrated to wide range of thermal generation plants with wide range of coal type (or) fuel compositions across the globe.

Performance optimization of linear active disturbance rejection control approach by modified bat inspired algorithm for single area load frequency control concerning high wind power penetration

The linear active disturbance approach is employed to deal with the load frequency control issue of a single area wind power system based on doubly fed induction generator, and the performance of the control law is optimized by using the bat-inspired algorithm. The load frequency control issue has become more challenging in a complex power system based on wind energy conversion system due to the varying feature of the wind penetration, and sustaining the balance between the power generation and demand by rejecting the internal uncertainties in the process model and the external disturbances simultaneously. In the framework of the presented linear active disturbance rejection control approach, by constructing an extended state observer, the total disturbance, including all the unmodelled dynamics in the process model and the external disturbances, can be estimated in real time and then compensated by a simple linear PD control law. The controller parameters tuning is then simplified into the optimization of the two bandwidths: observer bandwidth, and the controller bandwidth. Then, this issue can be achieved by employing the heuristic modified bat inspired algorithm based on the optimization of the proposed performance index. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by the extensive simulation examples of the load frequency control issue involved in the single area power system, taking into account different wind penetration, as well as the external disturbances. The performance robustness of the proposed approach against the parameters perturbation in the process model is also demonstrated via the Monte-Carlo method. The performance superiority of the proposed approach over the conventional Proportional Integral and Fuzzy-Proportional Integral based controller even in the presence of external disturbances and uncertainty in power system parameters under different cases of high wind penetration is also validated from the simulation results.

Sustainability evaluation model for manufacturing systems based on the correlation between triple bottom line dimensions and balanced scorecard perspectives

Abstract The evolution of the concept of sustainability associated with the demands of society has transformed the management models of manufacturing systems. Several models of sustainability evaluation based on indicators that represent the economic, environmental and social dimensions of the triple bottom line (TBL) concept have been proposed in the literature. However, the definition and coverage of sustainability indicators have become a challenge. Thus, the aim of this article is to propose a sustainability evaluation model based on a correlation matrix between the dimensions of the TBL concept and the perspectives (learning and growth, process, market and financial) of the balanced scorecard (BSC) management model. Based on the literature review, this study proposes performance indicators for each of these correlations, obtained via the TBL X BSC matrix, which resulted in the sustainability evaluation model. This model also provides a governance logic establishing a flow to assure the compliance of the matrix. The proposed model was applied to a Brazilian manufacturer in the market of food and beverage, through visits and interviews. This application showed that the 12 correlations of the TBL X BSC matrix allow for a comprehensive and detailed evaluation of a manufacturing system, because it involves the TBL dimensions and the BSC perspectives, and enables the definition of indicators for each correlation. The model can also be useful for defining performance indicators for sustainability assessment models and can be integrated into multi-criteria decision methods to improve organizational sustainability and performance.

Performance-based optimal design of tuned impact damper for seismically excited nonlinear building

This paper proposes a performance-based optimal design method for a tuned impact damper system, which is composed of a solid mass in a container and is located at the top of a 20-story complex nonlinear benchmark building of the third generation. This benchmark building is a steel frame, accounting for nonlinear response via material non-linearity (bi-linear hysteresis) concentrated at the ends of moment-resisting beam-column joints, and is designed for the SAC PhaseIIISteel Project. In order to illustrate the real-world implementable optimal design approach for designing an optimal tuned impact damper system attached to practical complex structures, a reduced-order data-driven physical model is developed by using the response data specifically from finite element model and the optimization-based parameter identification algorithm. The reduced-order model has been iteratively constructed to be consistent favorably with the finite element model on the aspects of both modal frequencies and mode shapes. Based on the reduced-order model, the optimal parameters of the tuned impact damper system are subsequently designed by adopting proposed performance indices and the differential evolution algorithm conveniently. The optimal vibration control effects are evaluated by using the original finite element model structure with the optimal tuned impact damper. Such optimal performance is also compared with that of the original finite element model with a conventionally designed tuned impact damper system. The results show that the optimal designed tuned impact damper system not only can significantly mitigate the peak and root mean square values of dynamic displacements, but also can reduce effectively the number of plastic hinges of the nonlinear benchmark structure compared with that with the conventional design. Furthermore, the performance-based optimal design can lead to a better robust performance of the tuned impact damper system in the cases of the main structure subjected to unknown earthquake excitations.

Cardiophysiology Illustrated by Comparing Ventricular Volumes in Healthy Adult Males and Females.

Recent advances in cardiac imaging techniques have substantially contributed to a growing interest in the analysis of global cardiac chamber dimensions and regional myocardial deformation. During the cardiac cycle, ventricular luminal volume varies due to the contraction process, which also confers a shape change including substantial alteration of long axis length, as well as rotation of the base compared to the apex. Local deformation can be assessed by strain (rate) analysis. Reviewing the present literature, it must be concluded that there is no single metric available to comprehensively characterize ventricular function. Every candidate advanced thus far has been found to incompletely reflect ventricular performance. This observation is not surprising in view of the complexity of the cardiac pump system. Additionally, sex-specific modifiers may play a role. More than three decades ago, it was shown that on average the ventricular volume is smaller in healthy women compared to matched males. Therefore, the present contribution concerns the interpretation of data derived from the healthy heart in bothmen and women. Starting from the classical Starling concept, we apply a simple mathematical transformation which permits an insightful representation of ventricular mechanics. Relating end-systolic volume (ESV) to end-diastolic volume creates the ventricular volume regulation graph which features the pertinent working point of an individual heart. This fundamental approach illustrates why certain proposed performance indexes cannot individually reveal the essence of ventricular systolic function. We demonstrate that particular metrics are highly interconnected and just tell us the same story in a different disguise. It is imperative to understand which associations exist and if they expectedly are (nearly) linear or frankly nonlinear. Notably, ejection fraction (EF) is primarily determined by ESV, while in turn EF is not much different from ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC). Insight into cardiac function is promoted by identification of the paramount/essential components involved. The smaller ESV (p<0.0001) implies that EF is higher in women and may also have consequences for VAC.

Performance Index for Optimizing Sensor Fault Detection of a Class of Nonlinear Systems

This paper develops a performance index that can be used to find the optimal design parameters of the observer-based residual generator and adaptive threshold of a fault detection scheme for a class of nonlinear systems. The performance of the fault detection scheme is analyzed with respect to the fault detectability of incipient sensor faults, which depends on the dynamic behavior of the residual and the adaptive threshold generator. The proposed performance index is based on the distance between two limit sets that are guaranteed to include the residual under fault-free and faulty conditions. The novelty of this distance metric stems from the parametrization of the limit sets in relation to (i) the design parameters of both the residual generator and adaptive threshold, (ii) the bounds on the system disturbances and measurement noise, and (iii) the fault function and evolution rate. An optimization problem is formulated for finding the design parameters of the fault detection scheme such that the set of guaranteed strongly detectable faults is maximized, where this set is defined based on the distance between the separated fault-free and faulty limit set.

Analysis of the Performance Indicators of the PV Power System

The energy assessment of the PV power systems is carried out by using different types of performance indicators that benchmark the output of these systems against the PV panel maximum output at hypothetical operation conditions. In this paper, a comparative analysis of six types of performance indicators is conducted and a new performance indicator which considers PV panel slope and orientation is proposed. The proposed indicator is benchmarking the PV system actual output against the maximum output of the same system if it would operate in two axis tracking mode. The proposed performance indicator is used to develop a friendly user calculator of PV system output that can be used by, energy providers and PV system installers to evaluate the output of the PV grid connect network. The advantage of the developed calculator is high-lighted by a case study that estimates energy capacity of different residential rooftop PV systems installed in a residential suburb in Sydney.

OP104 Moving Forward Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment: Public Procurement Of Innovation

Introduction:Innovation procurement is a key enabler to improve the quality and efficiency of public healthcare services by driving innovation from demand side to meet concrete public healthcare provider needs. Catalan Health Services (CatSalut) aims to optimize healthcare services through innovative solutions that encompass both innovative technologies and new processes of care. Answering this aim, the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB) is participating in an Innovative Pilot Program to optimize the efficiency in the management of Aortic Valve Stenosis (AVS) using an adaptation of the methods and knowledge from hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA).Methods:The first step was to identify unmet needs, main bottlenecks and problems in the comprehensive management of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) (from primary care to hospital discharge). Innovative technologies, solutions and health care organizations were proactively scanned through literature review and professional expertise. Lists of solutions were proposed through an inclusive stakeholder participation process.Results:A new healthcare model was proposed to be evaluated in the next three years based on an integral, transversal and multidisciplinary management of AVS (named MITMEVA). For each new proposed solution, the management, work streams, expected impact and key performance indicators (based on stakeholder information demands) were defined. To test the potential of the proposal, a theoretical modeling of the economic, clinical and process impacts of implementation was performed based on available scientific evidence, local professional and economic data. This analysis shows more quality-adjusted life years, fewer adverse effects and lower cost with the new proposed model.Conclusions:HB-HTA usually recommends for/against investments. In the era of value based procurement, HB-HTA can also help in developing a Public Procurement of innovative solutions (PPI) project and in testing proactively its potential impact in healthcare, which will be later tested in real life. Therefore, adapting HB-HTA to hospital innovative procurement is another way for health technology assessment to push for the implementation and testing of high value innovative technologies.

Performance monitoring of MIMO control system using Kullback‐Leibler divergence

AbstractIn this paper, a novel control performance monitoring method using Kullback‐Leibler divergence is proposed for a multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) control system. Kullback‐Leibler divergence is employed to quantify the dissimilarity in the closed loop output data distributions between the monitored period and the reference period. Furthermore, a Kullback‐Leibler divergence based performance index is developed to detect the control performance change. Compared with conventional covariance based control performance indices, the proposed performance index can not only cope with the closed loop output data distribution under non‐Gaussian noise, but also shows greater sensitivity to the control performance change. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Kullback‐Leibler divergence based control performance index.