Proposed Optimization Scheme Research Articles

Investigation of plasma sprayed Sr0·7La0·3TiO3 / La0·2Sr0·8MnO3 Bi-layer interconnector performance and its application in high power tubular solid oxide fuel cells

Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) has been demonstrated as an efficient and rapid method for manufacturing high-performance solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), with interconnects serving as the “wires” for large-scale integration of SOFCs. However, the challenge of producing highly conductive and stable interconnects through plasma spraying remains unresolved. This study developed a Bi-layer perovskite interconnect for segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cell (SIS–SOFCs). It involved APS-prepared dense N-type interconnects of Sr0·7La0·3TiO3 (LST), achieving low porosity, low leakage rate, and high conductivity LST coatings. The element of Ti valence state changes and conductivity of LST powders, hydrogen-treated powders, LST coatings, and hydrogen-treated coatings were quantitatively analyzed through phase detection and elemental valence state analysis under different oxygen partial pressure conditions to explore the variation of LST coating conductivity. Simultaneously, bi-layer interconnector model using La0·2Sr0·8MnO3(LSM)as the P-type interconnect was established to elucidate the electron transport mechanism within the Bi-layer interconnect under operating conditions and propose optimization schemes for the structural design of tubular serial-connected cell interconnects. The tubular dual-cell combination using LST/LSM Bi-layer interconnectors exhibited a maximum power density of 360 mW/cm2 at 800 °C, with only 33% interconnector loss compared to the maximum power density of 540 mW/cm2 achieved by a single cell at 800 °C. Additionally, it attained the highest open circuit voltage (1.9 V) at 650 °C. This Bi-layer interconnectors has been successfully applied in serial-connected tubular cells with more than 5 cells. Furthermore, the dual-cell combination showed almost no performance loss under 100 h of constant current discharge (0.3 A/cm2) testing. These research findings indicate that the LST/LSM Bi-layer interconnectors prepared using atmospheric plasma spraying is an ideal material system for the functional layer of interconnects in high-power tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cell structures.

Analysis of Zara's Financial and Market Performance

Founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega, Zara has rapidly expanded its market share by transforming the latest fashion trends into accessible products. This paper explores Zara's evolution and current standing in the global fashion industry, focusing on its innovative ‘fast fashion’ model and successful integration of e-commerce. The analysis highlights Zara's strong financial performance, with online sales contributing significantly to revenue growth, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its successes, the brand faces increasing competition from rivals such as H&M and Uniqlo, especially regarding sustainability practices. The paper proposes optimization strategies, including enhanced supply chain digitalization and a stronger focus on sustainable practices, to ensure Zara maintains its competitive advantage. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the importance of innovation and adaptability in the evolving e-commerce environment while meeting consumer demands for environmentally responsible fashion. Through an in-depth analysis of Zara, this paper not only reveals the key elements of its business success but also provides insights for future fashion companies in terms of sustainable development and technological innovation.

Construction of Green Space Ecological Network in Xiongan New Area Based on the MSPA–InVEST–MCR Model

With the rapid pace of urbanization, the integrity and connectivity of ecosystems are under serious threat, making biodiversity conservation a top priority. We use the Xiongan New Area in China as a case study to explore the significance and application of constructing urban ecological networks in the development of new cities. This study systematically applied the categorization of green space systems using remote sensing technology; MSPA was used to identify key landscape patches; InVEST was employed to assess habitat quality; and potential ecological corridors were established using the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). Moreover, targeted recommendations for optimizing ecological green spaces were put forward. The findings demonstrate that the Xiongan New Area has significant potential and needs for ecological network construction, and it faces the issue of ecological network fragmentation. This research highlights the significance of developing ecological networks within urban planning and proposes optimization strategies tailored to these networks. The objective is to offer scientific guidance for the design and development of emerging cities, such as the Xiongan New Area, to facilitate the alignment and integration of ecological preservation efforts with urban expansion, ultimately achieving the sustainable development goal of harmonious coexistence between the environment and urban areas.

A Multi Source Data-Based Method for Assessing Carbon Sequestration of Urban Parks from a Spatial–Temporal Perspective: A Case Study of Shanghai Century Park

As urbanization accelerates globally, urban areas have become major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, urban parks are crucial as significant components of carbon sinks. Using Shanghai Century Park as a case study, this study aims to develop an applicable and reliable workflow to accurately assess the carbon sequestration capacity of urban parks from a spatial–temporal perspective. Firstly, the random forest model is employed for biotope classification and mapping in the park based on multi-source data, including raw spectral bands, vegetation indices, and texture features. Subsequently, the Net Primary Productivity and biomass of different biotope types are calculated, enabling dynamic monitoring of the park’s carbon sequestration capacity from 2018 to 2023. Moreover, the study explores the main factors influencing changes in carbon sequestration capacity from the management perspective. The findings reveal: (1) The application of multi-source imagery data enhances the accuracy of biotope mapping, with winter imagery proving more precise in classification. (2) From 2018 to 2023, Century Park’s carbon sequestration capacity showed a fluctuating upward trend, with significant variations in the carbon sequestration abilities of different biotope types within the park. (3) Renovation and construction work related to biotope types significantly impacted the park’s carbon sequestration capacity. Finally, the study proposes optimization strategies focused on species selection and layout, planting density, and park management.

Numerical Simulation of the Diffusion Characteristics of Odor Pollutants of Waste Bunkers in Waste Incineration Plant

This paper utilizes the waste bunker of a waste incineration plant as the analysis model. It analyzes the airflow characteristics under various unloading door opening states and the air flow velocity through CFD simulation. The simulation analysis results show that when one unloading door is opened, it is recommended to adjust the opening amplitude or set an air outlet to optimize the airflow distribution. If two unloading doors are opened, it is advised to prioritize the two middle unloading doors (M4, M5) or the two rightmost doors (M7, M8). Furthermore, the exhaust port located relatively far from the unloading door should be closed to reduce the turbulence of the airflow. When all unloading doors are opened, the air flow velocity at the unloading door needs to be increased to achieve an efficient exhaust effect and prevent negative pressure problems at low speed. The results offer theoretical support for odor control technologies and provide valuable design recommendations for air outlets and unloading doors in municipal waste incineration plants. Additionally, this study proposes optimization strategies and effective solutions for addressing odor pollutant diffusion in waste incineration facilities.

Research on the Impact of Customer Perceived Value of Cultural and Creative Products on Purchase Intention

This paper takes cultural and creative products as the research object and employs customer perceived value as the theoretical foundation. Using a questionnaire survey method, it constructs a purchase intention model to investigate the impact of perceived cultural value, perceived aesthetic value, perceived functional value, perceived emotional value, perceived social value, perceived innovative value, and perceived cost on purchase intention. Furthermore, it proposes optimization strategies for developing and marketing cultural and creative products.

Technological State and Optimization Analysis of High-Rise Glass Curtain Wall Cleaning Robots

Abstract. With the proliferation of high-rise buildings in urban areas, glass curtain walls are widely used due to their excellent light transmittance and modern appearance. However, these glass curtain walls are prone to accumulating dust, rain stains, and other dirt during use, affecting their aesthetics and transparency, thus requiring regular cleaning. Traditional manual cleaning methods are inefficient and pose significant safety risks. Consequently, high-rise glass curtain wall cleaning robot technology has become a research hotspot. This paper reviews the current research status of high-rise glass curtain wall cleaning robots, which provides a detailed analysis of four main adhesion methods (magnetic adhesion, thrust adhesion, vacuum negative pressure adhesion, and bionic adhesion), four main motion modes (legged, wheeled, tracked, and external assistance), and two main cleaning methods (physical and chemical). For path planning, this paper explores the application status and challenges of regular scanning, random walking, sensor feedback dynamic planning, and bionic path planning. Through the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies, this paper identifies the main issues faced by each technology and proposes optimization strategies for adhesion technology, motion modes, cleaning efficiency, and path planning. Future directions include improvements in intelligence and automation, multifunctional integration, energy efficiency enhancement, and human-machine collaboration. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive technological review and constructive suggestions to advance high-rise glass curtain wall cleaning robot technology.

A study on the spatial distribution and optimization strategies of day care centers for the elderly

Background: At present, the degree of ageing in China is becoming severe, especially in Shanghai, which is the largest city with the highest degree of aging in China. How to adjust the community to effectively meet the needs of the elderly groups has become the focus of social attention. Objectives: In this study, spatial analysis was used to explore the matching degree of the elderly population with the distribution of day care centers in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China, to explore the problems, and to propose optimization strategies with a view to providing feasible suggestions for the construction of old-age daycare. Methods: This research adopts the methods of literature study, map analysis, questionnaire survey, especially tries to use the spatial analysis software of Arc GIS in order to set up a spatial database of Xuhui District's elderly population based on street administrative territorial entity. Results: The results show that the quantity and quality of the day care centers in Xuhui District can not meet the actual needs of the elderly. Secondly, the services provided in daycare centers deviate from the actual needs of older population. Thirdly, the day care service content lists are quite homogeneous, which neglects the diversified and personalized needs . Main Contribution to Evidence-Based Practice: From the perspective of spatial distribution study, this article enriches the theory of the construction and management of the elderly care facilities in urban areas, and provides reference for the formulation of aging policy. Meanwhile, it gives some suggestions on optimizing the spatial distribution of community facilities to fulfil the actual needs for optimal matching of the elderly care resources.

Fine analysis and size optimization of spherical hinge in swivel construction

Contact stress and friction torque are the two primary mechanical responses of a spherical hinge. In general engineering practice, the calculation methods for contact stress and friction in spherical hinges often involve simplifying the spherical hinge into a planar hinge. To accurately analyze the stress state of the spherical hinge, it is essential to establish a detailed model. In this study, 17 groups of spherical hinge models were developed. The support radius, curvature radius, and thickness of the spherical hinge are considered influencing factors, while the maximum contact stress, friction torque, and amount of steel used are treated as responses. A three-factor, three-level, and three-response design is implemented. Using the response surface method, optimization design is conducted, resulting in two proposed optimization schemes. The maximum contact stress is reduced by 40.10% and 10.91%, respectively, while the friction torque is decreased by 0.82% and 26.50%, respectively. The maximum error between the predicted and calculated values is 7.04%. This indicates that the model presented in this study possesses sufficient predictive accuracy and can effectively guide the selection of spherical hinge dimensions.

Visitors’ Behaviors and Perceptions of Spatial Factors of Uncultivated Internet-Famous Sites in Urban Riverfront Public Spaces: Case Study in Changsha, China

This article takes representative uncultivated riverfront internet-famous sites (uncultivated RIFSs) in Changsha city, China, as an example to explore the internal mechanism of their formation and finds that they are closely related to the “urban subculture” and the “informality of urban public space”. In terms of methodology, through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews, this study investigates the behavioral characteristics of onsite visitors, the overall perceptions and satisfaction of public spaces, and the perceptions of spatial and humanistic elements of visitors. The main findings are as follows: ① Onsite visitors are mainly male, with local tourists and nearby residents accounting for over 80%. Furthermore, over half of the visitors have limited understanding of the uncultivated RIFSs. ② People’s overall attitudes towards the uncultivated RIFSs are positive. And the ability to carry out meaningful activities and find comfort and safety are of the greatest concern to onsite tourists. ③ Among the visiting reasons, leisure stays accounted for the highest proportion, followed by sightseeing, sports stays and social stays. ④ The onsite visitors’ main focus of spatial elements and humanistic elements is different according to the different sites. However, visitors’ dissatisfaction is mainly reflected in poor site safety and sanitation conditions, inadequate facilities and poor surrounding environments. This paper also compares the online–offline differences in the spatial perceptions of the uncultivated RIFSs between this study and previous research; instead of focusing on the urban physical spaces, online social media users pay more attention to their self-presentation. Meanwhile, the visitors place greater emphasis on the functionality, practicality and experiential activities of the urban physical spaces. Finally, this article proposes optimization strategies for uncultivated RIFSs from planning and governance and public space design aspects to protect and strengthen the composite utilization of space, therefore enhancing diverse vitality.

A Study on Methods and Approaches for Internalizing Knowledge in Literature Courses of Foreign Language Majors to Enhance Professional Competence

With the continuous development of globalization and cross-cultural communication, the importance of foreign language education has become increasingly prominent. Literature courses, as a core component of foreign language education, not only serve to cultivate language skills but also play a crucial role in developing students' critical thinking, cultural understanding, and innovative capabilities. This paper discusses the mechanisms and approaches for internalizing knowledge in foreign language literature courses, elaborating on the role of knowledge internalization in enhancing professional competence, and proposes optimization strategies. The research indicates that knowledge internalization is not merely about understanding the language structure of literary works, but also involves a profound comprehension of their cultural context and social values.

Research on the Current Status, Issues, and Countermeasures of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Course Construction in Higher Education

With the increasing demand for innovative talent in society, the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship courses in higher education has become a key link in cultivating students' innovative thinking and practical abilities. This paper analyzes the current status of innovation and entrepreneurship course construction in higher education, explores the issues related to course content, teaching resources, and faculty, and proposes optimization strategies. Currently, universities face several challenges, including single course content, insufficient teaching resources, and inadequate faculty capabilities. There is an urgent need to improve the curriculum design, enhance the development of teaching resources, and raise the overall capabilities of faculty to improve teaching quality. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving innovation and entrepreneurship courses in higher education, with the goal of cultivating innovative talent that better meets societal needs.

Research on the Optimization of Higher Mathematics Teaching Content Based on Vocational Demands

With the rapid development of the economy and technology, society has placed higher vocational-oriented requirements on higher education, especially in fields such as engineering and information technology. As a core foundational subject, higher mathematics must keep pace with the times to meet the practical needs for mathematical knowledge across different industries. However, the current teaching content of higher mathematics tends to be overly theoretical and disconnected from practical applications, making it difficult to adequately support students' career development. This study analyzes the requirements for mathematical knowledge in various industries from the perspective of vocational demands and proposes optimization strategies including modular design of teaching content and the integration of mathematics with vocational skills. It also explores innovative multidimensional teaching models and reforms in teaching evaluation systems. The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the optimization of higher mathematics teaching content, contributing to the enhancement of students' professional abilities and employability.

A multi-objective approach to optimizing the geometry and envelope of rural dwellings for energy demand, thermal comfort, and daylight in cold regions of China: A case study of Shandong province

Rural dwellings in China’s cold regions face significant challenges related to energy consumption, thermal comfort, and daylight, with a projected substantial increase in energy demand in the future. Scientifically optimized design during the early planning stages can significantly enhance indoor thermal and daylight conditions, effectively reducing energy consumption. This study focuses on Shandong Province to comprehensively analyze the optimization of geometry and envelope design of rural dwellings in China’s cold regions. It employs a multi-objective optimization method, integrating genetic algorithms with dynamic energy simulations, to minimize total energy demand while ensuring thermal comfort and sufficient daylight. Utilizing the Octopus plugin in Grasshopper, in conjunction with EnergyPlus, Ladybug, and Honeybee, this research optimizes and analyzes the impact of various design variables on energy consumption, thermal comfort and daylight, including room depth, window-to-wall ratio in different orientations, thermal performance of the envelope, and related glass material parameters. The results indicate that the selected variables have significant energy-saving potential. Compared to the case study building, the optimized solutions can reduce total energy demand by over 62.41%, with the highest savings rate reaching 88.75%. This study emphasizes the importance of integrated design and optimization strategies in enhancing the sustainability of rural dwellings. It proposes both cost-free and cost-included optimization schemes: the former maximizes the energy-saving, thermal comfort and daylight potential of the selected variables, while the latter is more practically feasible considering the economic constraints of rural areas. The proposed optimization schemes provide multiple reference solutions and theoretical foundations for users of rural dwellings in China’s cold regions.

Mechanical analysis of modified femoral neck system in the treatment of osteoporotic femoral neck fractures

BackgroundDespite the explicit biomechanical advantages associated with FNS, it is currently inconclusive, based on the existing literature, whether Femoral Neck System (FNS) outperforms Cannulated cancellous screws (CSS) in all aspects. Due to variances in bone morphology and bone density between the elderly and young cohorts, additional research is warranted to ascertain whether the benefits of FNS remain applicable to elderly osteoporosis patients. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of FNS in osteoporotic femoral neck fractures and propose optimization strategies including additional anti-rotation screw.MethodsThe Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture models were reconstructed using finite element numerical techniques. The CSS, FNS, and modified FNS (M-FNS) models were created based on features and parameterization. The various internal fixations were individually assembled with the assigned normal and osteoporotic models. In the static analysis mode, uniform stress loads were imposed on all models. The deformation and stress variations of the femur and internal fixation models were recorded. Simultaneously, descriptions of shear stress and strain energy were also incorporated into the figures.ResultsFollowing bone mass reduction, deformations in CSS, FNS, and M-FNS increased by 47%, 52%, and 40%, respectively. The equivalent stress increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 3%, 43%, 17%, respectively. Meanwhile, variations in strain energy and shear stress were observed. The strain energy increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 4%, 76%, and 5%, respectively. The shear stress increments for CSS, FNS, and M-FNS were 4%, 65% and 44%, respectively. Within the osteoporotic model, M-FNS demonstrated the lowest total displacement, shear stress, and strain energy.ConclusionModified FNS showed better stability in the osteoporotic model (OM). Using FNS alone may not exhibit immediate shear resistance advantages in OM. Concurrently, the addition of one anti-rotation screw can be regarded as a potential optimization choice, ensuring a harmonious alignment with the structural characteristics of FNS.

THE MODELLING OF CARGO TRANSSHIPMENT OPERATIONS USING THE BUSINESS PROCESS MODELLING TOOLS

This paperwork explores the transshipment operations at the Port of Constanta, Romania, focusing on the unloading of big bags from barges. Utilizing Business Process Management (BPM) software, the study models the transshipment process to identify optimization opportunities. The investigation reveals challenges such as coordination complexities and potential cargo damage, alongside the benefits of cost-efficiency and flexibility offered by transshipment services. Through literature review and analysis, the study emphasizes the importance of efficient business processes and the role of BPM software in enhancing operational efficiency. By employing Aura Portal Modeller for simulation, the study identifies bottlenecks and proposes optimization strategies for the transshipment process. The proposed measures include real-time cargo assessment, inventory tracking systems, equipment analysis, and storage layout optimization. This research contributes to the understanding of transshipment operations and highlights the effectiveness of BPM software in process visualization and analysis, offering insights for enhancing efficiency and mitigating delays in supply chain management.

The value of technology and interactive systems in cultural heritage interpretation: a study based on existing empirical research

ABSTRACT The role of Technology and Interactive Systems in advancing cultural heritage interpretation holds significant value, which lacks a clear and systematic analysis. This study, grounded in the visitor perspective and based on a review of past empirical research findings, argues that Technology and Interactive Systems possess intellectual and experiential value in the context of cultural heritage interpretation. In terms of intelligence and knowledge, Technology and Interactive Systems can expand the scope of information in cultural heritage interpretation, enhance the effectiveness of information delivery, thereby optimizing the visitor's cognitive level regarding cultural heritage. Regarding experience, Technology and Interactive Systems cultivate and intensify visitor situational interest, establishing and strengthening emotional connections between the visitor and cultural heritage. Additionally, the study highlights value divergences and questions regarding the use of Technology and Interactive Systems in cultural heritage interpretation and proposes optimization strategies.

A SeNA-based study of in-service teachers’ interaction patterns in an online learning community

In-service teachers, constrained by work commitments, adopt online learning methods for their graduate studies, emphasizing the significance of exploring the construction of online learning communities. Analyzing collaborative conversation texts within the online learning process of the “Learning Science” course at a university in Beijing, this study employed social epistemic network analysis (SeNA) to investigate interaction patterns of in-service teachers and propose optimization strategies. The findings of this study show that in asynchronous discussions without intervention, the overall situation of collaborative conversations among in-service teachers tends to be low-level. The social interaction network shows polycentricity, categorizing members into core and peripheral interactors based on distinct social interaction characteristics, highlighting substantial disparities in epistemic networks. Core interactors prioritize engaging with others, yet their contributions primarily echo interactions, reflecting superficial knowledge dimensions. Conversely, specific peripheral interactors prioritize independent reflection, sharing content largely derived from personal experiences or knowledge, signifying a commitment to independent and in-depth thinking within deeper knowledge dimensions. Moreover, learners’ online interactions are influenced by individual characteristics, instructional evaluation and the learning community atmosphere.

The coupling characteristics and influencing factors of the "homestead-cultivated land system" in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China: A farmer perspective

Homesteads and cultivated land are crucial elements of the rural territorial system. Their coupling characteristics and changing patterns are essential for understanding the evolution of rural human-land systems and for developing coordinated rural development strategies. This study takes Huilong Village and Pingba Village in the TGRR, employing methods such as GIS spatial analysis, comprehensive index evaluation, coupling coordination degree model, and geographic detector model. The analysis focuses on the coupling characteristics and influencing factors of the “HCS” in these villages and proposes optimization strategies to provide scientific guidance for village planning, selection of high-quality rural development paths, and strategy design. The main findings are as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of homesteads and cultivated land in typical villages exhibits clear traffic directionality. The spatial coupling of the “HCS” demonstrates significant convergent evolution and adjacent distribution characteristics. (2) The utilization coupling of the “HCS” in Huilong Village and Pingba Village is predominantly high, with 98.72% and 94.62% of farmers, respectively, being highly coupled. However, the degree of coupling coordination is mostly barely coordinated. (3) The primary factors influencing the coordinated development of the “HCS” in the study area include the utilization conditions of homestead and cultivated land, labor status, and economic status. These factors can be categorized into four types: labor factor restrictions, nonagricultural development disturbance, agricultural development, and lagging farming conditions. Differentiated development strategies are proposed for each type. This research enhances the understanding of the coupling between homestead land and cultivated land, offering valuable insights for regional village planning, high-quality development path selection, and government decision-making.

Research on the Mechanism and Strategy of Equity Investment Driving the Transformation of New Material Innovation Achievements

Under the wave of global technological revolution, the new materials industry is facing difficulties in innovation and transformation. Equity investment has become a key driving force due to its flexible mechanism, risk sharing, and deep participation. Based on introducing the current development status of China’s new materials industry, this article reveals the mechanism of equity investment in financial support, risk management, incentive constraints, and resource integration. The article proposes optimization strategies, such as building an information-sharing mechanism and a diversified investment fund system, to promote the high-quality development of the new materials industry driven by innovation and provide strategic guidance for policymakers, investors, and enterprises.