Proposed Compensation Mechanism Research Articles

COVID-19's Negative Impacts on Clinical Learning and Proposed Compensation Mechanisms Among Undergraduate Midwifery and Nursing Students of Jimma University.

BackgroundEven though lockdown measures contributed to reducing the rate of COVID-19 transmission, it resulted in great distraction in clinical learning. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess COVID-19’s negative impacts on clinical learning, and proposed compensation mechanisms among midwifery and nursing undergraduate students of Jimma University, southwest Ethiopia.MethodsThis study was conducted among 147 midwifery and nursing students of Jimma University in March 2021 using cross-sectional study design. The respondents were selected by simple random sampling method. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed descriptively by SPSS v.23. The results were presented in tables, and narrated.ResultsThree fifths (88 (59.9%)) of the study participants perceived high negative impacts of COVID-19 on their recent clinical learning. The proposed compensation mechanisms to be implemented before and during the next clinical practice include: using teacher-facilitated skill demonstration laboratory, case scenarios, clinical teaching videos, and clinical conferences. Students’ effort to understand the objectives of their clinical learning and using multi-media to achieve it was another proposed compensation mechanism. Also, providing pre-placement training and in-service training with priority for students graduating during COVID-19 pandemic were proposed compensation mechanisms.ConclusionCOVID-19’s negative impacts on clinical learning were great among the participants of this study. The proposed compensation mechanisms should be applied by all concerned bodies with great emphasis to end the long-term negative impact of the pandemic, thereby ensuring the production of competent midwives and nurses.

정확한 방위각 추정을 위한 차수 변환 방식 자기왜곡 보상 메커니즘

One of the most problematic factors in inertial/magnetic sensing-based tilt/azimuth estimation is magnetic distortion that can be added in magnetometer signals and may decrease the azimuth estimation accuracy. In this paper, we propose an orderswitching magnetic distortion compensation mechanism for accurate azimuth estimation. The proposed compensation mechanism switches between a first-order Gauss-Markov (GM) model and a second-order GM model of magnetic distortion. When the secondorder model is selected, the time-derivative of the magnetic distortion is additionally augmented in the states of the corresponding second-order azimuth Kalam filter. The proposed mechanism was experimentally validated in four different magnetically distorted conditions. The results show that the azimuth estimation error of the proposed method was less than 3° in all the tests and the proposed mechanism outperformed conventional approaches in the azimuth estimation.

Dual‐hop amplify‐and‐forward cooperative relaying in the presence of Tx and Rx in‐phase and quadrature‐phase imbalance

In this study, dual-hop channel state information-assisted amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative systems in the presence of in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, which refers to the mismatch between components in the I and Q branches, are investigated. First, the authors analyse the performance of the considered AF cooperative protocol without compensation for the I/Q imbalance as the benchmark. Then, a compensation algorithm for the I/Q imbalance is proposed, which makes use of the received signals at the destination, from the source and the relay nodes, together with their conjugations to detect the transmitted signal. Moreover, the authors study the considered AF cooperative system implemented with the opportunistic relay selection and the proposed compensation mechanism for the I/Q imbalance. The performance of the AF cooperative system under study is evaluated in terms of average symbol error probability, which is derived by considering transmission in a Rayleigh fading environment. Numerical results are provided and show that the proposed compensation algorithm can efficiently mitigate the effect of the I/Q imbalance. On the other hand, it is observed that the AF cooperative system with opportunistic relay selection acquires a performance gain beyond that without relay selection.

Digital compensator for large phase-error glitches in digital PLL

Proposed is a digital compensator that is employed in a digital phase-locked loop (PLL) to avoid big phase-error downfalls caused by the large output glitches originating from a high-speed counter based on standard logic cells. The proposed compensation mechanism enables the PLL to acquire a desired frequency under irregular voltage and temperature.

Generic temperature compensation of biological clocks by autonomous regulation of catalyst concentration

Circadian clocks--ubiquitous in life forms ranging from bacteria to multicellular organisms--often exhibit intrinsic temperature compensation; the period of circadian oscillators is maintained constant over a range of physiological temperatures, despite the expected Arrhenius form for the reaction coefficient. Observations have shown that the amplitude of the oscillation depends on the temperature but the period does not; this suggests that although not every reaction step is temperature independent, the total system comprising several reactions still exhibits compensation. Here we present a general mechanism for such temperature compensation. Consider a system with multiple activation energy barriers for reactions, with a common enzyme shared across several reaction steps. The steps with the highest activation energy rate-limit the cycle when the temperature is not high. If the total abundance of the enzyme is limited, the amount of free enzyme available to catalyze a specific reaction decreases as more substrates bind to the common enzyme. We show that this change in free enzyme abundance compensates for the Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of the reaction coefficient. Taking the example of circadian clocks with cyanobacterial proteins KaiABC, consisting of several phosphorylation sites, we show that this temperature compensation mechanism is indeed valid. Specifically, if the activation energy for phosphorylation is larger than that for dephosphorylation, competition for KaiA shared among the phosphorylation reactions leads to temperature compensation. Moreover, taking a simpler model, we demonstrate the generality of the proposed compensation mechanism, suggesting relevance not only to circadian clocks but to other (bio)chemical oscillators as well.

Fuzzy Swing-Up and Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Balance Control for a Planetary-Gear-Type Inverted Pendulum

An energy-compensated fuzzy swing-up and balance control is investigated for the planetary-gear-type inverted pendulum (PIP) in this paper. The proposed control scheme consists of a fuzzy swing-up controller (FSC), a fuzzy sliding balance controller (FSBC), and a fuzzy compensation mechanism. The PIP with the designed FSC can upswing the pendulum quickly and have the controlled system be stable in the sense of approaching the desired system energy. The pendulum of PIP system can be stably balanced at the upright position with the presented FSBC, where the chattering effect is significantly eliminated. With the proposed compensation mechanism, the overaccumulated upswing energy can be effectively compensated such that the influence of disturbance can be overcome. The simulation results are included to indicate the effectiveness of the provided controller. Moreover, based on an embedded control kernel, an experimental setup for the PIP control system is built up. It shows that the real-time experiment results empirically support the promising performance of desire.

Lossless image coding using adaptive, switching algorithm with automatic fuzzy context modelling

A switching adaptive predictor (SWAP) with automatic fuzzy context modelling is proposed for lossless image coding. Depending on the context of the coding pixel, the SWAP encoder switches between two predictors: the adaptive neural predictor (ANP) and the texture context matching (TCM) predictor. The ANP is known to perform well and gives small prediction errors except for pixels around edges. For areas with edges, TCM is used. To decide which is to be used, a switching criterion is proposed to pick out pixels around edges effectively. With the switching predictor structure, small prediction errors can be achieved in both slowly varying areas and edges. Furthermore, the use of the so-called fuzzy context clustering for prediction error refinement is proposed. The proposed compensation mechanism is proved to be very useful through experiments. It further improves the bit rates by, on average, 0.2 bpp in test images. The experiments also show that an average improvement of 0.3 and 0.05 bpp in first-order entropy can be achieved when the proposed switching predictor is compared with the gradient adjusted predictor and a six-order edge directed predictor, respectively. Moreover, the lossless image coder built upon the proposed algorithm also provides lower bit rates than the state-of-the-art context-based, adaptive, lossless image coding (CALIC) system and is comparable to that obtained by the highly complex two-pass coder called TMW.