Proportional Compensation Research Articles

Resonance Wavelength Stabilization of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Constructed by Symmetry Breaking and Area Compensation.

Dielectric metasurface supported symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BIC) provide an important platform for enhancing light-matter interactions. However, the conversion of SP-BIC into quasi-BIC (QBICs) through symmetry breaking is often accompanied by a shift in the resonance wavelength. In this work, we present a generalized viewpoint aimed at achieving the wavelength stability of QBICs through symmetry breaking and area compensation (SBAC). Three SBAC schemes we propose are equal proportional compensation along both x- and y-directions and equal proportional compensation along x-direction only or y-direction only. The QBICs resonance wavelengths stabilized at about 1200, 1520, and 1434 nm are achieved in monomer, dimer, and tetramer metasurfaces, respectively. Finally, we perform an experimental demonstration in a nanohole dimer photonic crystal slab. The QBICs resonance wavelength stabilized at 1658 nm for SBAC. Our approach provides new routes for realizing QBICs with a stable wavelength and tunable Q-factor.

Active Power Assist with Equivalent Force on Connection for Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robots

Active power-assist lower limb exoskeleton robots aim to enhance wearer assistance while ensuring wearer comfort and simplifying the exoskeleton’s design and control. This study proposes an active assistance method known as Equivalent Force on Connection (EFOC). The EFOC method effectively addresses the limitations encountered in conventional Joint Torque Proportional Compensation (JTPC) approaches. These limitations include the necessity for exoskeleton robot configurations to align with human limb structures for parallel assistance at each lower limb joint, as well as the exoskeleton’s inability to contribute a greater proportion of assistance due to the excessive load on specific skeletal and muscular structures, resulting in wearer discomfort. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the EFOC method is evaluated and validated for assistance during both the stance and swing phases of single-leg movements. Finally, the proposed EFOC method is implemented on a hydraulic-driven lower limb exoskeleton robot to assist wearers in squatting, stepping, and jumping locomotion. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed EFOC method can effectively achieve the desired assistance effect.

A Strategy Based on LSTM Controller With Adaptive Proportional Compensation for High-Speed Train Operation Control

A Strategy Based on LSTM Controller With Adaptive Proportional Compensation for High-Speed Train Operation Control

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, KOMUNIKASI DAN KOMPENSASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. ASTRA CABANG BIMA

The purpose of this study was to analyze the partial and simultaneous effect of leadership style, communication and compensation on the performance of employees of PT. Astra Bima Branch. This study used a census sample technique, namely the entire population of 53 employees of PT. Astra Branch Bima was used as the research sample. The instrument of this research was a questionnaire using a Likert scale, and before being used to collect data, the validity and reliability tests were carried out, then the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) leadership style had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This shows that there is a good leadership style as expected by subordinates so that the cause of improving employee performance; (2) communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The higher employee performance satisfaction with communication within the company, the impact on increasing the quality and quantity of employee work in the company; (3) compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The more satisfied employees are with the compensation received will have an impact on morale so that employees will be more motivated in improving their performance; and (4) leadership style, communication and compensation have a simultaneous and significant effect on employee performance. This means that improving employee performance can be done through leadership style, communication and proportional compensation, not only financial compensation but also non-financial compensation. Therefore, company directors should be able to adjust the leadership style to the situation or the employee's work environment so that it can stimulate employee work motivation.

Wahlgleichheit und degressive Proportionalität versöhnen: ein europäischer Verhältnisausgleich durch transnationale Listen

The principle of “degressive proportionality” in European elections ensures that even the smallest member states are adequately represented in the European Parliament. However, it is detrimental to transnational electoral equality: votes cast in small countries have greater weight and thus distort the relative strength of political parties. Is it possible to reform European electoral law in a way that preserves the degressive-proportional representation of member states, but at the same time makes sure that the seat share of each parliamentary group corresponds to its EU-wide vote share? The “tandem model” proposed by Jo Leinen and Friedrich Pukelsheim ostensibly fulfils this goal, but at the price of strong distortions within the national constituencies. A more promising model to reconcile electoral equality and degressive proportionality would be proportional compensation through transnational lists.

Design and simulation research of riser flexible hang-off system based on variable damping for drilling platform to avoid typhoon

Inspired by the technical characteristics of the two modes of hard hang-off and soft hang-off commonly used when hanging risers on drilling platforms to avoid typhoons, a new riser flexible hang-off scheme is proposed to compensate the riser heave dynamic load. The mechanical mechanism of riser flexible hang-off is designed. Two compensation strategies are proposed, including the proportional compensation strategy and the back-pressure variable damping compensation strategy. Aiming at the control method of the compensation strategy of back-pressure variable damping with better compensation effect, the hydraulic system scheme of riser flexible hang-off is designed. In order to verify the feasibility of the hydraulic system, the compensation performance of the riser flexible hang-off scheme subjected to the designed hydraulic system is investigated using Simulink software. The results show that the riser flexible hang-off compensates riser heave dynamic load by 30% under the once-in-a-decade sea conditions in the Western Pacific Ocean. The filling pressure of the gas cylinder and the displacement - voltage gain of the throttle valve are critical to on the system performance. The proposed new riser flexible hang-off system casts light on an alternative compensation for drilling platform to avoid typhoon.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ УРОВНЯ МАСЛА В АВТОТРАКТОРНЫХ ДИЗЕЛЯХ

Improving the reliability of tractor engines is an important task for the country's economy. The problem situation is a significant difference between the existing indicators of engine reliability and those possible with optimal parameters of the lubrication system. The aim of the study was to increase the reliability and durability of tractor engines by improving the prevention and tuning of the lubrication system. The paper presents the results of bench and operational studies of the developed oil level controller, as one of the options for tuning tools that provide the optimal oil level in the crankcase of an automotive engine. The intensity of oil aging and the reliability of the engine are largely determined by the frequency of refilling and changing the oil. As a result of the tests, it was found that the developed ROOM provides proportional compensation for the loss of oil from the crankcase. Comparative data on the performance of diesels with and without an oil level regulator are presented. According to the results of operational studies, their results largely confirm the results of experimental studies. A decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the crankshaft bearings, judging by the oil pressure, occurred by more than 20 %. The decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group, judging by the oil consumption for carbon monoxide, occurred by more than 50 %. The average temperature decreased by 2.5%, which reduced the intensity of aging of the oil and its resource increased by an average of 6.2-16.2 %. Based on the results of the comparison, conclusions are drawn on the effectiveness of this type of tuning of the diesel lubrication system.

Development of underground coal mine drainage monitoring system based on DSP

Aiming at solving problems such as non-linear, time-varying parameters, and weak digital computing capability in the underground drainage system, the monitoring system is built based on a digital signal processor (DSP). Adopting DSP28335 as its control core, the hardware circuit and software program are designed in this monitoring system. The single-neuron fuzzy proportional, integration, and differential (PID) control algorithm with feedforward proportional and differential compensation is proposed in this study. The simulation results are compared and analysed with a traditional PID algorithm, fuzzy PID algorithm, and single-neuron fuzzy PID algorithm with feedforward in Matlab/Simulink, and the experimental platform is built to verify the application effect of three control algorithms. The simulation and experiment results show that the single-neuron fuzzy PID algorithm with feedforward has significant advantages such as shorter adjustment time, good adaptivity, and strong anti-interference ability, which could effectively improve the work efficiency of an underground mine drainage monitoring system.

A Differential Game of Ecological Compensation Criterion for Transboundary Pollution Abatement under Learning by Doing

This paper studies a stochastic differential game of transboundary pollution abatement between two kinds of ecological compensation and the abatement policy, in which the learning by doing is taken into account. Emission and pollution abatement between upstream and downstream region in the same basin is a Stackelberg game, and the downstream regions provide economic compensation for pollution abatement in the upstream region. We discuss the feedback Nash equilibrium strategies of proportional compensation and investment compensation, and it is found that an appropriate ecological compensation ratio can improve the investment level of pollution abatement in the two regions by accumulating experience in the process of learning by doing. In the long term, the investment compensation mechanism is an effective transboundary pollution abatement measure that can continuously reduce the water pollution stock in the upstream and downstream.

Шахрайство та неетична поведінка як фактор, що впливає на ефективність місцевого самоврядування в Індонезії

Among all sectors, the government sector is in second place by the number of frauds. According to the Global Corruption Barometer (2020), Indonesia ranks third in terms of corruption among Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing fraud with unethical behavior as intervening variable on local government in Indonesia. Palembang City was included in 14 cities that contributed State Civil Apparatus involved fraud case in Indonesia. Therefore the sample in this study was 165 State Civil Apparatus with a minimum position as financial management staff from 33 Palembang City Government Offices. Data for the study were collected by online questionnaire. For data processing and analysis the author used Smart PLS – software with graphical user interface for variance-based structural equation modeling using the partial least squares path modeling method. The study results show that internal control, compensation suitability, moral reasoning and religiosity had an effect on fraud with unethical behavior as an intervening variable. Internal control is very important to provide protection for agencies against human weakness and to minimize the possibility of errors and actions that are not in accordance with the rules. Proportional compensation can lead to satisfaction with the commission received. Thus, it reduces unethical behavior. An individual's moral reasoning is one of the factors leading to ethical and unethical behavior. Individuals who have a better moral understanding will obey all applicable rules and policies so as to avoid unethical behavior. The level of a person's religiosity can determine a person's behavior because individuals who have a high level of religiosity will obey the values or rules that have been established by their religion. Individuals who have better religious values will find it easier to avoid and overcome fraud.

A parametric method for correcting polluted plasma current signal and its application on Keda Torus eXperiment.

We have developed a parametric method for eliminating the background component of the plasma current, which is measured by a Rogowski coil and polluted by the toroidal magnetic field in the vacuum vessel of the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) reversed field pinch (RFP) device. The method considers the toroidal magnetic field windings, the KTX vacuum chamber, and the Rogowski coil as a linear time-invariant system; in this case, a constant frequency response function characterizes the system. Using this response function, the current component caused by pollution from the toroidal magnetic field can be predicted exactly for an arbitrary input current to the toroidal magnetic field windings. Compared with the traditional proportional compensation method, the proposed method has great flexibility and universality and it is potentially applicable to cases in which the toroidal field current signal changes over time with plasma feedback signals. Furthermore, the method can be applied to other similarly affected signals, such as magnetic field signals. As an example, we have corrected the poloidal and toroidal magnetic field signals better to reveal the true physical processes for the RFP state.

Resilient Information Architecture Platform for the Smart Grid: A Novel Open-Source Platform for Microgrid Control

Microgrids are seen as an effective way to achieve reliable, resilient, and efficient operation of the power distribution system. Core functions of the microgrid control system are defined by the IEEE Standard 2030.7; however, the algorithms that realize these functions are not standardized, and are a topic of research. Furthermore, the corresponding controller hardware, operating system, and communication system to implement these functions vary significantly from one implementation to the next. In this article, we introduce an open-source platform, resilient information architecture platform for the smart grid (RIAPS), ideally suited for implementing and deploying distributed microgrid control algorithms. RIAPS provides a design-time tool suite for development and deployment of distributed microgrid control algorithms. With support from a number of run-time platform services, developed algorithms can be easily implemented and deployed into real microgrids. To demonstrate the unique features of RIAPS, we propose and implement a distributed microgrid secondary control algorithm capable of synchronized and proportional compensation of voltage unbalance using distributed generators. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed control and the salient features of the RIAPS platform.

A turbidity compensation method for COD measurements by UV–vis spectroscopy

In water quality detection by ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, the detection equipment faces diverse water bodies. It is easy to be interfered by turbidity caused by suspended solid particles (SSP), resulting in a nonlinear rise of the whole spectrum and a significant decrease in measurement accuracy of chemical oxygen demand (COD). A turbidity compensation algorithm for UV–vis spectroscopy based on Lambert-Beer’s law for fitting the absorbance caused by turbidity in the whole spectrum region is studied. According to the additivity of absorbance, a few absorbance spectra of turbidity were obtained by filtering and difference method. They are then used as base spectra to linearly fit the absorbance spectrum of any turbidity value water. Finally, turbidity compensation of all samples in the whole region is realized by the subtraction method. Compared with 350 nm proportional compensation (350 nm PC) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), the compensated spectra of the method proposed in this paper are in the best coincidence with the filtered spectra by a 0.45 um filter membrane. Partial least squares (PLS) method is used to establish the COD prediction model of the raw spectra and compensated spectra of the three methods. The results show that the Rpred of the proposed method is the biggest and the RMSEP is the smallest. The experimental results show that the proposed turbidity compensation method can effectively correct the absorption spectrum without affecting the absorption characteristics of water samples. Furthermore, improving the accuracy of COD measurement by UV–vis spectroscopy.

Harmonic Coupling Analysis and Suppression Strategy of Grid-connected Photovoltaic Inverter

For the complex harmonic coupling problem caused by the parallel connection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters to the grid, the mathematical models of a single three-phase inverter and two three-phase inverters connected in parallel are established in this paper. The transfer function is derived and the resonant characteristics of grid-connected single inverter and parallel grid-connected multi-inverters are analyzed by using Bode diagram. On the basis of the maximum power tracking link, This paper proposes a control strategy which combines the double closed-loop of current by using grid-connected voltage and capacitive current with the proportional feedforward compensation of grid voltage, which maximizes the use of solar energy and has a better harmonic resonance suppression capability at the same time. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control strategy are verified by Matlab/Simulink system simulation.

Asymptotic efficiency of the proportional compensation scheme for a large number of producers

We consider a manager who allocates some fixed total payment amount between N rational agents in order to maximize the aggregate production. The profit of i-th agent is the difference between the compensation (reward) obtained from the manager and the production cost. We compare (i) the normative compensation scheme where the manager enforces the agents to follow an optimal cooperative strategy; (ii) the linear piece rates compensation scheme where the manager announces an optimal reward per unit good; (iii) the proportional compensation scheme where agent's reward is proportional to his contribution to the total output. Denoting the correspondent total production levels by s*, ? and s? respectively, where the last one is related to the unique Nash equilibrium, we examine the limits of the prices of anarchy AN = s*/s?, A'N = ?/s? as N ? ?. These limits are calculated for the cases of identical convex costs with power asymptotics at the origin, and for power costs, corresponding to the Coob-Douglas and generalized CES production functions with decreasing returns to scale. Our results show that asymptotically no performance is lost in terms of A'N , and in terms of AN the loss does not exceed 31%.

Gasket life criteria at low temperatures adopting proportional compensation for loss of flexibility and conformability

In the automobile industry, the service life of gaskets is defined as the time until which a released gasket recovers 60 % of the original compression. It was observed that the recovery curves of gaskets were highly nonlinear at high temperatures, and relatively nonlinear at temperatures above the room temperature. However, it was also noted that the recovery curves of the gaskets at temperatures below room temperature exhibited linearity with respect to the ln(time). Automotive manufacturers demand gasket life criteria that exceed a specific time or the entire life of a car. In the case of gaskets used at lower temperatures, since materials encounter losses in its flexibility and conformability, the definition of service life specifying a 60 % recovery may not be sufficiently safe to eliminate possible leakages. In this study, new gasket life criteria that could be used at low temperatures were proposed. The new criteria were proposed based on the change in Young’s modulus of the gasket material in order to conserve the sealing capability.

Will S(He) Sabotage Me? Team-Dynamic Effects of Compensation Schemes

This paper contributes theoretically and empirically to understanding the nature of interdependence among team-members under different schemes of compensating team-members. Theoretically, the device of a Proportional compensation scheme is designed to uncover the innate nature of interdependence. Empirically, data from an Experiment reveal that: 1) Assistance is the innate nature of interdependence; 2) Sabotage is the preferred mode of interdependence under the Bonus scheme, and assistance under the Egalitarian scheme; 3) Females engage in sabotage at a significantly higher rate in the Egalitarian scheme - which is actually designed to incentive assistance – and to a lesser degree in the Proportional scheme compared to males; and 4) Incentivizing assistance does not pay off.

Modeling-Error Compensation Approach for Extremum-Seeking Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactors with Unknown Growth Kinetics

In this paper, an adaptive extremum seeking control scheme for continuous stirred tank bioreactors is presented. Unknown growth kinetics without considering an explicit mathematical expression is assumed. An adaptive learning technique based on modeling error estimation coupled with a proportional compensation is used to construct a feedback control that maximizes a production function (e.g., biogas production) that depends on the growth kinetics. Also, it is assumed that only the production output and the substrate concentration are available from measurements. It is shown that the resulting controller is equivalent to a proportional–integral compensator. The closed-loop analysis based on singular perturbation techniques showed the stability of the controlled bioreactor at about the optimal equilibrium point. Numerical simulations on a simple example and a more realistic anaerobic digestion case are used to illustrate the stability properties.

Performance Comparison of PI and P Compensation in DSP-Based Average-Current-Controlled Three-Phase Six-Switch Boost PFC Rectifier

In this paper, it is shown that in the three-phase six-switch boost power factor correction rectifier with average-current control with mismatched input-voltage and input-current sensing gains as well as offset errors in input-voltage and input-current sensing, the current controller with proportional (P) compensation exhibits lower total harmonic distortion (THD) and higher power factor compared with that of proportional and integral compensation. It is also shown that P compensation with input-voltage feedforward is effective in improving output-voltage transient response with respect to input-voltage changes only if duty-cycle feedforward is also implemented. Finally, it is shown that zero-sequence-signal injection, in addition to enabling the output-voltage regulation in a wider input-voltage range, also improves the THD of the input currents.

LCL Filter with Active Damping using PI and SSI Regulators in Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame Current Controller for DSTATCOM

Abstract This article proposes a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with interface LCL (inductor-capacitor-inductor) filter for load compensation in three-phase four-wire distribution system. DSTATCOM, consisting of voltage source inverter (VSI), is connected in parallel to the load and injects currents corresponding to load reactive, harmonic powers. But this injected current consists of unnecessary high-frequency switching ripple generated by VSI. This LCL filter has superior switching ripple attenuation capability compared to L filter. Moreover, this can be achieved with small value of overall LCL filter inductance than L filter. Thus providing high slew rate for output current to track the desired reference current closely, reducing voltage drop across it, as well as cost and size of filter. However, one major concern with LCL filter is its resonating frequency (determined from its L, C, L values), which can create high-resonance oscillating currents and results in improper load compensation. Therefore, in this study, proper design of LCL filter with high switching ripple attenuation and a current controller with proportional integral (PI) plus harmonic compensation (HC) regulators along with active damping feature of LCL filter in synchronous rotating reference (dq0) frame are presented. HC regulator minimizes the steady-state error in the non-sinusoidal filter currents (fundamental and harmonic) which are tracked by the VSI. Active damping feature (obtained by capacitor current feedback control of LCL filter) is used to overcome resonance oscillations and provides proper control, operation of DSTATCOM under steady-state and dynamic load conditions. Stability studies for designed LCL filter and current controller using Bode and root locus plots are also performed and presented. Extensive simulation study, to understand the compensation performance of LCL filter DSTATCOM with two types of current controllers (PI and PI plus HC) under steady-state and dynamic load conditions, is carried out in PSCAD simulator and the corresponding results along with THDs of various parameters are presented.