Proportion Of Respiratory Diseases Research Articles

Nosological structure and dynamics of adult population disability in the Republic of Moldova

Nosological structure and dynamics of adult population disability in the Republic of Moldova Purpose. To study the current nosological structure and dynamics of the general and primary disability of the adult population in the Republic of Moldova. Materials and methods. Analysis of official statistics data (statistica.md, cnddcm.msmps.gov.md) for 2015-2019. Results. In 2015-2019, there was a wave-like change in the number of adults recognized as disabled for the first time in the republic and its increase in 2019 by ⅔ relative to 2018 (13713 and 8350, respectively). The structure of general disability, taking into account the degree of severity, changed little during the study period. In 2019, it was dominated by moderate disability - 47.1%; severe and severe disability was established in 38.0% and 14.9% of cases, respectively. The nosological structure of disability in general also changed little. In 2019, the main causes of disability in the adult population were tumors 20.0%, cardiovascular diseases - 18%, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue - 14.6%. At the same time, in 2019, respiratory diseases were the cause of disability in 2.7% of cases, or 1.4 times more often compared to 2018. Conclusions. In recent years, the main causes of disability in the republic are tumors, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, the proportion of respiratory diseases does not exceed 2.7%. In the structure of disability, moderate disability prevails.

Metabolic blood parameters of pigs of different age groups in the pathogenesis of nonspecific bronchopneumonia

Despite the sufficient amount of antimicrobial drugs and specific therapy and prevention, the proportion of respiratory diseases in pigs is still quite high [2, 5, 6, 13]. In some farms, the incidence, as well as post-slaughter changes in the lungs, can reach up to 100%. At the same time, mortality is usually insignificant. The main damage among the pig population consists of an economic component - it is the culling of slaughter products, a decrease in weight gain, low conversion of feed, carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures. There is evidence of hypoxemia and hypoxia developing against this background, which can lead to the development of acidosis, a decrease in the barrier properties of organs and tissues and the development of organopathologies. The previously obtained data on immunological blood tests allow us to talk about the suppression of innate and adaptive immunity in nonspecific bronchopneumonia [2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13].The purpose of this work was to conduct biochemical studies to study the state of metabolic parameters of the blood of pigs of different age groups, patients with nonspecific bronchopneumonia.The research was carried out at one of the large pig farms in the North-Western region of Russia and at the Department of Pathophysiology of the St. Petersburg State Medical University.As a result of studies in all experimental groups of animals, the effect of nonspecific bronchopneumonia on biochemical processes in piglets was established. In all sick animals, a noticeable decrease in the content of total protein, albumins and globulins was found, which can lead to inhibition of the function of protective mechanisms, and from all links of immunity (innate and adaptive). At the same time, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes was established in sick piglets, which indicates the generalization of the process with liver damage and the development of acidosis.

Анализ причин ранней неонатальной смертности в Российской Федерации в 2020 г. (год пандемии COVID-19)

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare the causes of and statistics on neonatal mortality in Russia in the years 2020 and 2019 using the Rosstat A-5 forms that aggregate data from perinatal death certificates. In 2020, there was a 7.6% reduction in the absolute number of live births relative to 2019. In 2020, the early neonatal death rate (1.59‰) fell by 4.4% relative to 2019 (1.67‰). But neonatal death rates in the Southern and Far Eastern Federal Districts rose by 20.5% and 6.1%, respectively. Respiratory diseases were the most common cause of early neonatal mortality across Russia (37.3% and 40.2% relative to the total number of neonatal deaths in 2019 and 2020, respectively). Congenital sepsis accounted for 43.6% and 46.6% of neonatal deaths from infectious diseases and for 7.3% and 7.9% of all neonatal deaths reported in 2019 and 2020, respectively. There was an increase in the proportion of respiratory diseases among neonates, including congenital pneumonia and other respiratory conditions, and infections, including congenital sepsis, which reflects the direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and neonates.

Assessment of Duration of Adaptation to Conditions of Learning in Cadets of Military Educational Institutions

Introduction. It is relevant to determine periods of adaptation of local and non-resident students coming from other Russian regions to learning conditions. The objective of our study was to measure duration of cadets’ adaptation to the learning environment as assessed by the incidence of respiratory diseases in view of synergistic effects of health risk factors in the Kaliningrad enclave. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the incidence of respiratory diseases in cadets of two military universities (n = 3,381, n = 2,013) by cohorts (local and non-resident students) for five academic years in general and by year. Results. The proportion of respiratory diseases in university cadets was as high as 70.9 ± 2.0 and 52.1 ± 1.1 % in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. The share of respiratory diseases in the first and fifth-year students was 72.3 and 59.9 % in University 1,and 60.3 and 38.1 % in University 2, respectively. The respiratory disease incidence in non-resident cadets was 1.8 and 1.2 times higher than that in locals: 1,102.6 ± 6.2 versus 617.7 ± 24.5 ‰ and 477.6 ± 14.1 versus 388.2 ± 16.1 ‰ (p = 0.001) in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. We found differences in the rates of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, community-acquired pneumonia, and lower respiratory tract infections between local and non-resident cadets. In the second university, differences in the incidence of acute sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infections were still observed in third-year students while in the first university they were still pronounced in cadets during the fourth year of study. We suppose that they might be attributed to learning conditions, ratios of local to non-resident cadets, differences in living conditions and nutrition between the students. Conclusion. Duration of the period of adaptation of military university cadets to conditions of learning is influenced by a synergistic effect of adverse environmental factors. Adaptation of non-resident cadets lasts longer due to acclimatization to weather and climate conditions of the enclave. The incidence of respiratory diseases proves the differences in learning conditions between the universities.

Risk factors for mortality in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background New evidence from studies on risk factors for mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients with COVID-19 became available. We aimed to review the clinical risk factors for fatal outcomes in these patients. Methods We performed meta-analysis using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. A fixed- or random-effects model was used for calculating heterogeneity. We used contour-enhanced funnel plot and Egger’s tests to assess potential publication bias. Results Twenty-one studies were included. The proportion of males was lower in the survivor group than in the non-survivor group (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.61, 0.94]). The proportion of respiratory diseases was significantly lower in the survivor group than in the non-survivor group (OR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.29, 0.60]). The proportion of patients with fever, cough, and dyspnea was significantly lower in the survivor group (fever: OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.31, 0.92]; cough: OR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.38, 0.65]; dyspnea: OR = 0.25, 95% CI [0.14, 0.47]) than in the non-survivor group. Compared with the non-survivor group, the survivor group had higher albumin and platelet levels and lower leucocyte counts. Conclusions Male patients might have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. Comorbidities, such as respiratory diseases could also greatly influence the clinical prognosis of COVID-19. Clinical features, such as fever, dyspnea, cough, and abnormal platelet, leucocyte, and albumin levels, could imply eventual death. Our findings will help clinicians identify markers for the detection of high mortality risk in HD patients at an early stage of COVID-19.

Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission after COPD hospitalization.

Reduction of 30-day readmissions in patients hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a national objective. However, there is a dearth of research on sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 2006-2012 data from the State Inpatient Database of eight geographically-diverse US states (Arkansas, California, Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, Utah, and Washington). After identifying all hospitalizations for COPD made by patients aged ≥40 years, we investigated the primary diagnostic code for all-cause readmissions within 30 days after the original COPD hospitalization, among the overall group and by sex and race/ethnicity strata. Between 2006 and 2012, there was a total of 845,465 COPD hospitalizations at risk for 30-day readmissions in the eight states. COPD was the leading diagnostic for 30-day readmission after COPD hospitalization, both overall (28%) and across all sex and race/ethnicity strata. The proportion of respiratory diseases (COPD, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and asthma) as the readmission diagnosis was higher in non-Hispanic black (55%), compared to non-Hispanic white (52%) and Hispanics (51%) (p<0.001). The proportion of asthma as the readmission diagnosis differed significantly by sex (6% in men and 9% in women; p<0.001). Similarly, the proportion of asthma also differed significantly by race/ethnicity (5% in non-Hispanic white, 16% in non-Hispanic black, 15% in Hispanics, 13% in others; p<0.001). In this analysis of all-payer population-based data, we found sex and racial/ethnic differences in the reason for 30-day readmission in patients hospitalized for COPD.

Mortality and death cause proportion of respiratory disease in China, 2004-2005

To study the mortality and death cause proportion of respiratory disease in China, 2004-2005. Data of representative district (160 spots of national disease surveillance system) from 2004-2005 the 3rd national retrospective sampling survey of death cause were used for presenting mortality experience of respiratory diseases during 2004-2005 in urban and rural districts, different regions and in population of different genders and age groups. The total person years were 142 660 482 and standardized death rates were calculated from census data in 2000 and each five-year was counted as an age group. The crude death rate of respiratory disease in survey districts (2004-2005) was 100.12/100 000 (144 106 cases), the standardized death rate was 87.56/100 000. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in male were 106.49/100 000 (77 709 cases) and 104.52/100 000. Those in female were 95.27/100 000 (66 397 cases) and 72.96/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in urban area were 86.00/100 000 (41 193 cases) and 68.60/100 000. Those in rural area were 108.60/100 000 (102 913 cases) and 97.74/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate in eastern region were 95.69/100 000 (50 293 cases) and 69.33/100 000, central region 88.61/100 000 (44 113 cases) and 87.38/100 000, western region 123.26/100 000 (49 700 cases) and 116.37/100 000, respectively. The crude death rate and standardized death rate of respiratory infectious were 12.40/100 000(17 688 cases) and 10.91/100 000, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 82.32/100 000 (117 440 cases) and 71.18/100 000, asthma 2.45/100 000 (3500 cases) and 2.14/100 000, bronchiectasis 0.25/100 000 (362 cases) and 0.22/100 000, pneumoconiosis 0.62/100 000 (878 cases) and 0.56/100 000. Death from COPD accounted for 81.49% of total respiratory death cases, infectious respiratory 12.27%, asthma 2.43%. The mortality of respiratory disease was greater in rural area than that in urban area in China during 2004-2005; greater in western region than that in eastern and central regions; greater in male than that in female. The mortality of COPD and its contribution to the total mortality of respiratory diseases were high.