Proportion Of Independent Commissioners Research Articles

The Impact of Financial Performance and Stakeholder Pressure on Sustainability Report Disclosure: The Moderating Role of Independent Commissioners

In the contemporary business landscape, sustainability reporting has become increasingly critical as stakeholders demand greater transparency and accountability from companies regarding their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This study delves into the factors that influence the extent of sustainability report disclosure, focusing on the role of financial performance, stakeholder pressure, and the moderating effect of independent commissioners. This study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing data from 96 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. The sample encompasses 288 observations, and purposive sampling was employed to select companies that met specific criteria, ensuring the inclusion of companies that have consistently disclosed sustainability reports and maintained financial stability. Regression analysis with an absolute difference test was conducted using SPSS 23 to analyze the relationships between the variables. The findings of this study indicate that financial performance and stakeholder pressure significantly influence sustainability report disclosure. Companies with higher financial performance tend to disclose more sustainability information, suggesting that they have the resources and motivation to invest in sustainability reporting. This positive association between financial performance and sustainability reporting implies that companies with stronger financial positions are better equipped to allocate resources towards sustainability initiatives and their subsequent disclosure. In conclusion, the proportion of independent commissioners on the board moderates these relationships, indicating that independent oversight enhances the positive effects of financial performance and stakeholder pressure on sustainability report disclosure. The presence of independent commissioners on the board strengthens corporate governance mechanisms, ensuring greater transparency and accountability in sustainability reporting.

PENGARUH LEVERAGE, INTENSITAS MODAL, DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP TARIF PAJAK EFEKTIF

This research aims to determine the effect of Leverage (X1), Capital Intensity (X2), and Independent Commissioner (X3) on Effective Tax Rates. The independent variables in this research are Leverage with the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) indicator, Capital Intensity with the Capital Intensity Ratio (CIR) indicator, Independent Commissioner with the proportion of independent commissioners as an indicator. The Dependent Variable in this research uses the Effective Tax Rate which is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) indicator. The method used in this research is quantitative using secondary data sourced from the financial reports of all manufacturing sector companies during the 2020-2021 period. The sampling method in this research used a purposive sampling method with 172 observations. This research uses panel data regression analysis method which is processed with the Eviews 12 application. The results obtained from this research show that Leverage has a positive effect on Effective Tax Rates. Capital Intensity has a positive effect on Effective Tax Rates. Independent Commissioners have no influence on the Effective Tax Rate

Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Tambang di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019–2021

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure on tax avoidance in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2021 period. Data collection techniques used are websites and documentation. The type of data is quantitative data with secondary data sources. The population used in this study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2019–2021 with a total of 47 companies by purposive sampling, so the number of samples is 11 companies x 3 years = 33 financial reports. The data analysis method in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing T-test and F-test. The results of this study indicate that: 1. The proportion of independent commissioners (KIND) partially has a significant positive effect on company tax avoidance (TAX) mines listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). 2. Partial institutional ownership (KI) has no significant effect on the tax avoidance (TAX) of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). 3. Managerial ownership (KM) partially has a significant negative effect on the tax avoidance (TAX) of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). 4. The audit committee (KA) partially has a significant positive effect on the tax avoidance (TAX) of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). 5. Corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) partially has a significant positive effect on the tax avoidance (TAX) of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). 6. The proportion of Independent Commissioners (KIND), Institutional Ownership (KI), Managerial Ownership (KM), Audit Committee (KA), and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) simultaneously have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance (TAX) of registered mining companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility: Factors that Influence on Manufacturing Companies

This study aims to examine the effect of proportion of independent commissioners, sustainability committee, gender diversity, and media exposure both jointly and separately on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The population used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 3 (three) years of observation from 2019-2021. Sampling used a purposive sampling method with a logistic regression model to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that (1) the proportion of independent commissioners, sustainability committees, gender diversity, media exposure, company size, and profitability jointly have an influence on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, (2) the proportion of independent commissioners , sustainability committee, and company size have a significant effect on disclosure of corporate social responsibility, and (3) gender diversity, media exposure, and profitability have no significant effect on disclosure of corporate social responsibility.

Pengaruh Eksistensi Dewan Komisaris Wanita dan Faktor lainnya terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Firm value dictates the value of stock price that a company owns thereby, firm value is a crucial thing. The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of several independent variables on one dependent variable. The dependent variable used in this study is firm value. This study also has independent variables consisting of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, the size of the board of commissioners, the existence of female commissioners, the size of the board of directors, audit committee, profitability, and capital structure. The population used in this study are consumer non cyclicals and consumer cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange starting from 2020 to 2022. This population was studied using the purposive sampling method, and got a total of 73 companies that will be used as research samples with a total of 219 data. The results of this study indicate that the proportion of independent commissioners and profitability variable has a positive influence on firm value. On the other hand, the variables of institutional ownership, managerial ownership, the size of the board of commissioners, the existence of a female board of commissioners, the size of the board of directors, audit committee, and capital structure have no effect on firm value.

Pengaruh ROA, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen, ACHANGE, LEV, DCHANGE Terhadap Tax Avoidance

The background to this research focuses on several companies that carry out deliberate tax avoidance actions such as not remitting taxes that have been collected by not submitting Tax Returns (SPT). Tax avoidance or tax avoidance is an activity to reduce or eliminate tax debts that should be paid by the company by not violating existing laws. This study aims to detect whether there is a significant relationship between the independent variables in detecting tax avoidance in trading industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2021 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with sample data obtained from annual reports of trading industry companies that have been published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2021 period. The sample selection technique used was purposive sampling, and data was obtained from 30 samples. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variables Return On Assets (ROA) and Pressure from Outside (LEV) have positive and significant results on tax avoidance. Other factors which include the Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Financial Stability (ACHANGE), and Change of Directors (DCHANGE) do not have a significant effect on tax avoidance.

Executive Compensation, Executive Character, Tax Avoidance: Does Independent Commissioner Matter?

This study looks at the impact of executive compensation and character on tax avoidance. This study also looks at the moderating influence of the proportion of independent commissioners in this connection. This study uses secondary data from financial statements from consumer products businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021, retrieved from www.idx.co.id. The overall sample size for this study was 85 observations, as determined via purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate panel data. This research concludes that executive compensation is positively related to tax avoidance, while executive character does not affect tax avoidance. Furthermore, the proportion of independent commissioners succeeded in reducing the positive influence of executive compensation on tax avoidance, while the role of independent commissioners did not have a role in reducing the positive influence of executive character on tax avoidance. This research is expected to be a means for the Indonesian Tax Authority to create policies for profiling company compensation characteristics for executives as an initial indicator of tax avoidance activities carried out by companies.

The Good Corporate Governance: Case Study in Indonesia and Philippines

Good corporate governance is critical in reducing conflict between agencies in the workplace. Corporate governance is crucial in developing nations with lax law enforcement. The impact of governance on corporate performance is investigated in this article. This study uses quantitative data from manufacturing companies registered on the Indonesian and Philippine stock exchanges. This study relied on 655 observations from Indonesia and 220 from the Philippines. Corporate governance is measured using independent commissioners, the number of board members, shareholder ownership, and the use of Big Four auditors. This study discovered that independent commissioners, the board size, and block-holders ownership significantly affected the return on assets. Tobin's Q analysis revealed that only Board Size had a significant effect. Unlike Indonesia, the results of this study in the Philippines showed that independent commissioners and block holder ownership significantly impacted the return on assets. On the other hand, this study using Tobin’s Q showed that all independent variables, such as independent commissioners, the board size, block-holders ownership, and big four accounting firms, had a significant effect. The practical implication of the study's findings is that management monitoring by independent commissioners and all commissioners is beneficial in avoiding managers' acts that harm the organization. On the one hand, the number of commissioners sends an excellent signal to the market. Block holder ownership and the usage of big four accounting firms can also strengthen monitoring, improving corporate performance. Companies should have a high proportion of independent commissioners, a modest board size, and use big four accounting firms. Companies can increase their performance and investor trust by applying the above governance components.

Sustained or Not: Does Intellectual Capital Strengthen CEOs and Independent Commissioners on the Sustainability of Their Companies?

This research aims to investigate the relationship between CEO characteristics in the form of educational background and independent commissioners on sustainability reports with intellectual capital as a moderating variable. The population selected in this study were non-financial companies included in the LQ45 index for the 2018-2022 period, and 12 samples were selected based on the purposive sampling method. For the hypothetical analysis in this research, panel data regression analysis and moderate regression analysis (MRA) with Eviews 12 were used. This research shows that the characteristics of the CEO and independent commissioners have a simultaneous and partial effect on sustainability reports. However, CEO characteristics that are moderated by intellectual capital have a negative influence on the sustainability report. In contrast, independent commissioners positively influence the sustainability report after being moderated by intellectual capital. This research contributes to the application of stakeholder theory, resource-based theory, and agency theory. The novelty of this study is the empirical finding that CEO characteristics and independent commissioners can encourage the sustainability report. However, the moderated effects of intellectual capital differ for both CEO characteristics and independent commissioners on sustainability reports. This research also has several implications for shareholders and stakeholders; one of them is for investors that companies with CEOs with economic and business educational backgrounds and a high proportion of independent commissioners have a sustainable business strategy that can serve as an indicator for long-term investment.
 Keywords: characteristic CEO, independent commissioner, intellectual capital, sustainability report

The Influence of Good Corporate Governance and Liquidity on Tax Management in Indonesia: The Study on Manufacturing Companies

The aims of this study is to analyse the effect of good corporate governance and liquidity on tax management. Tax management is measured by modified measure based on Cash effective tax rate (CETR) compared with corporate tax rate. Corporate governance is measured by proportion of independent commissioner, audit committee, audit quality, institutional ownership, and compensation of executive managements, liquidity is measured by current ratio. This research sample consist manufacturing companies selected by purposive sampling. There are 14 companies fulfilling the criteria. This research used binary logistic regression analysis. The results of this research indicate that the proportion of independent commissioner and audit quality positively affect tax management significantly. Meanwhile, audit committee, institutional ownership, compensation of executive managements and liquidity do not significantly affect the company's tax management.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN NON-KEUANGAN

One of the considerations for investors to invest is to see the value of the company. The aim of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding institutional ownership, managerial ownership, proportion of independent commissioners, board size, existence of female commissioners, board size, audit committee, profitability, and capital structure on firm value as measured using the Tobin's Q formula. The objects of this study are non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and meeting other criteria from 2019 to 2021. This study uses a purposive sampling method. Empirical evidence obtained from this study shows that profitability has a positive effect on firm value. In addition, other empirical evidence obtained shows that institutional ownership, managerial ownership, proportion of independent commissioners, board size, existence of female commissioners, board size, audit committee, and capital structure have no effect on firm value.

Factors Affecting Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Indonesia Banking Companies with Board Turnover as Moderating Variable

This study aims to investigate the relationships between the variables of Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity concerning Intellectual Capital Disclosure, with Board Turnover as a moderating variable. Data sourced from the annual reports of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange spanning from 2018 to 2022 are employed, encompassing 35 out of a total of 47 banking companies. The methodological approach employed is panel data regression analysis, and SmartPLS serves as the analytical tool to assess the hypothesis model. Research findings indicate a positive impact of External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity on Intellectual Capital Disclosure. Moreover, the empirical evidence suggests no significant influence of the variables Proportion of Independent Commissioners and Managerial Ownership on Intellectual Capital Disclosure. Additionally, Board Turnover, as a moderating variable, is found to be incapable of strengthening the relationships between the Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity in relation to Intellectual Capital Disclosure.

Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Leverage, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Manajemen Laba

Financial statements are one of the benchmarks for measuring company performance, and until now the phenomenon of earnings management is still often found. This study aims to examine empirical evidence regarding the effect of corporate governance, the proportion of the board of commissioners, leverage, and profitability on earnings management. Earnings management is an act of manipulating earnings information carried out by management with the aim of benefiting itself. The population of this study were 254 companies in the primary consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 - 2021. With the purposive sampling data collection method, the research sample was obtained as many as 171 companies. When testing there is residual data that is not normally distributed, outliers are carried out, so that the data processed further is 101 companies. This study provides evidence that managerial ownership and audit committee have a significant negative effect, and institutional ownership has a significant positive effect on earnings management, while the proportion of independent commissioners, leverage, and profitability have no significant effect on earnings management.

The Influence of Firm Size, Capital Structure, Total Assets Turnover Ratio and Liquidity on Financial Performance with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderation Variable in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed on the IDX 2016-2022

This research aims to determine the influence of company size, capital structure, total asset turnover ratio, and liquidity on financial performance with good corporate governance as a moderating variable in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the BEI in 2016-2022. This research was conducted based on information obtained on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sampling technique for this research uses a purposive sampling method. The population in this study were 47 food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2022, and the sample obtained was 20 companies. The data types used are secondary data panel data regression data analysis techniques and moderate regression analysis (MRA) tests with the help of Eviews 10. This research shows that company size has a negative and significant effect on financial performance, capital structure has a negative and significant impact on financial performance, TATO has a positive and significant impact on financial performance, and liquidity has a negative and insignificant effect on financial performance. Good corporate governance can moderate the influence of company size on financial performance; GCG can moderate the impact of capital structure on financial performance; GCG can moderate the effect of TATO on financial performance; and GCG is unable to moderate the influence of liquidity on financial performance. Keywords: company size (firm size), capital structure (DER), total asset turnover ratio, liquidity (CR), good corporate governance (proportion of independent commissioners), financial performance (ROA)

Good Corporate Governance and Liquidity: The Urgency of Risk Disclosure of Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the liquidity (those that are proxy ed with current ratio) and good corporate governance (those that are proxied with size of the board of commissioners, proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership) to risk disclosure. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis for manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2016-2018. The research sample consisted of 13 companies with a purposive sampling method. The reason for using the 2016-2018 period is to get the condition of manufacturing companies in Indonesia which were still relatively stable before the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that managerial ownership had a significant positive effect on risk disclosure. Liquidity, size of the board of commissioners, proportion of independent commissioners, and institutional ownership do not have a significant influence on risk disclosure. The novelty of this research is the formation of a theoretical model of good corporate governance through indicators of managerial ownership in influencing risk disclosure, thereby providing an overview of the importance of ownership by managers so that risk disclosure can be carried out optimally. This research contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing risk disclosure and provides guidance for companies in improving good corporate governance to achieve optimal risk disclosure.

The Impact of Pentagon's Fraud Elements on Predicting Financial Report Fraud

The present study aims to investigate the impact of fraudulent components within the Pentagon on its ability to predict the occurrence of financial report fraud. This research employs several independent variables, including financial targets, external pressure, liquidity, nature of the industry, audit opinion, proportion of independent commissioners, and a number of CEO photos, while the dependent variable is fraudulent financial reporting. This investigation employed data pertaining to manufacturing enterprises that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period spanning from 2018 to 2020. In this study, a total of 104 companies were sampled and a purposive sampling method was utilized to obtain 310 data points. The present investigation utilized a statistical tool known as multiple regression analysis. The findings of the present investigation demonstrate that both the financial target variables and the types of industries significantly adversely impact the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting. Notably, the factors of external pressure, liquidity, audit opinion, the ratio of independent commissioners, and the quantity of CEO images appear to bear no influence on fraudulent financial reporting. Keywords: Fraud Pentagon, Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Financial Target

Controle familiar e desempenho corporativo: o papel dos comissários independentes na redução de problemas de agência

Abstract This study examines the influence of family control on firm performance, taking into consideration the moderating variable of the proportion of independent commissioners. The sample for this research consists of manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2012-2018, with 477 observations. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) techniques were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings of this research indicate that family control has a significant negative impact on firm performance. Additionally, it was found that the proportion of independent commissioners significantly weakens the negative influence of family control on firm performance.

Corporate Governance, Financial Performance, Auditor Quality, and Tax Agresiveness Propensity

The government continues to strive to increase tax revenue targets. These efforts were followed by the government's consistent efforts to minimize tax avoidance through PP 55 of 2022 by developing tax avoidance prevention instruments. This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between corporate governance, financial performance, and the quality of an entity's auditors on the entity's tendency to act tax aggressively. The dependent variable in this research is tax aggressiveness measured by the effective tax rate. The dependent variables are corporate governance (measured by the proportion of independent commissioners and number of audit committees), financial condition (measured by profitability and leverage), and audit quality (measured by dummy variables). Data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis. The test results show that profitability has a positive effect, and leverage has a negative effect on the tendency for tax aggressiveness. Other variables, namely corporate governance and audit quality, are proven to have no influence on the tendency for tax aggressiveness.

DOES THE DISCLOSURE OF ISLAMIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, ISLAMIC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITY, AND BANK SIZE AFFECT TAX AVOIDANCE IN ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDONESIA?

Abstract— This paper investigates the influence of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR), Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG), profitability, and bank size on tax avoidance in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This paper introduces a novel perspective on the factors contributing to tax avoidance within Indonesia's Islamic finance framework. While the general notion of tax management is recognized, this study innovatively explores the intersection of Islamic principles, corporate governance, and tax practices, providing insights that have not been adequately explored in prior research. The study employs a panel data regression analysis, utilizing data from 13 Islamic Commercial Banks spanning 2017-2022, totaling 58 observations. This research approach enables an in-depth investigation into the relationships between ICSR disclosure, ICG, profitability, bank size, and tax avoidance. The empirical findings indicate that ICSR disclosure, the proportion of independent commissioners, and the audit committee positively influence tax avoidance practices. Conversely, the Sharia Supervisory Board and bank size negatively correlate with tax avoidance. Surprisingly, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), profitability does not significantly impact tax avoidance decisions. This study underscores the intricate connections between Islamic corporate practices, governance structures, and tax avoidance strategies in Islamic Commercial Banks. The research highlights the significance of ICSR disclosure, corporate governance effectiveness, and the presence of religious oversight in shaping transparent and accountable tax practices. Furthermore, the research cautions against overreliance on profitability as a determinant of tax avoidance behaviors.
 Keywords: Bank Size; Islamic Corporate Governance, Profitability; Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility; Tax Avoidance

Human Capital and Institutional Ownership Roles on Profit Sustainability in Banking

Applying the principles of Good Corporate Governance is a major factor in building a solid and reliable corporate fundamentals to achieve sustainable corporate profitability. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of CSR and Independent Commissioners on Profitability which is moderated by Value Added Human Capital and Institutional Ownership. This study uses a quantitative method, where the data source used secondary data taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The contribution of this research is the higher the proportion of independent commissioners, the more independent commissioners will carry out optimal supervision of operational activities. The board of independent commissioners greatly determines the company's success in achieving goals and improving the company's financial performance so that the company's ROA has increased. VAHC can weaken Komi's effect on ROA and is not significant. In principle, appropriate human capital activities can motivate Komi to achieve profitability. Institutional ownership affects company performance because institutional ownership can encourage more optimal supervision and monitoring mechanisms can guarantee shareholder prosperity, so institutional ownership will encourage managers to show good performance in front of shareholders. Institutional Ownership Contribution in moderating the influence of the Committee on ROA.