Proportion Of Hypertension Research Articles

HOW MANY BLOOD PRESSURE VALUES WE SHOULD USE TO PREDICT OUT-OF-OFFICE BLOOD PRESSURE ON PROOF-BP ALGORITHM. IS THE MORE BETTER THAN THE LESS ?

Objective: Compare the performance of 3 or 6 sequential blood pressure (BP) measurements to predict awake BP (ABP) values by Predicting Out of Office Blood Pressure in the clinic (PROOF BP). Design and method: This study is a secondary analysis of published research. A nursey collected clinical characteristics, in all participants, taking six sequential observed BP measurements, with a 1-minute interval (Microlife-BP3BTOA). Also, it was recorded ABPM (DynaMAPA). We selected 426 suspected people having hypertension. We estimated out-of-office BP on an algorithm from first to third BP (PROOF BP 1–3) and fourth to sixth (PROOF BP 4–6). We classified the patients in four BP categories, such as true hypertension (HT), true normotension (NT), masked hypertension (MH), and white coat hypertension (WCT). The office standard average considered the first three measurements as office BP (cut off – 140/90) and ABP as a reference standard, and for ABP and tested BP, the cut off was 135/85. We correctly compared the proportion of classified patients, coefficient of correlation (r), receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and Bland–Altman plot. The differences of proportions were evaluated using the chi-square test for media analysis of covariance. Results: Among 446 patients, 40.1% were classified as HT, 17.4% (MH), 11.7% (WCH) and 30.8% (NT), age 43.3 ± 13.3, women (44.6%), white people (67.8%), diabetes (2.6%), dyslipidemia (19.2%), obese (39.9%), body mass index 28. 9 ± 5.3, smokers (8.6%). The algorithm recommended AMBP in 41.07%. The proportion of HT was 40.1% MH 17.4%, WCH 11.7%, and NT 30.8%. The main clinical characteristics were age 43.3 ± 13.3, women (44.6%), white people (67.8%), diabetic (2.6%), dyslipidemia (19.2%), obese (39.9%), body mass index 28. 9 ± 5.3, smokers (8.6%). The mains results are in Table 1. Figure 1 shows a Bland and Altman plot of PROOF BP 1–3 and 4–6 against ABP. Conclusions: In conclusion, this secondary analysis data reinforce that the algorithm correctly classifies the vast majority of hypertensive patients and recommends ABPM in less than half of patients. It also adds that six sequential measurements no longer add accuracy to the ambulatory BP prediction tool.

An analysis of blood pressure screening of 21112 participants in Armenia: May Measurement Month 2018.

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide and is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life years all over the world. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative aimed to raise awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May to July 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension (HTN) and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. The study was conducted in public areas (17 sites in Yerevan and 22 in regions), both indoor and outdoor, as well as in 78 primary care centres. A total of 21 112 individuals were screened during MMM18, of which 20 732 had three BP measurements available. The mean age of screened individuals was 46.2 ± 17.3 years, 57.8% were female. At the time of screening, 26.1% were on antihypertensive medication. After imputation, the percentage of participants with HTN was 38.7%, and 76.7% of them were aware of their high BP. Of participants receiving treatment, 47.1% had a controlled BP. MMM18 was the largest BP screening campaign undertaken in Armenia. We found that the proportion of HTN is substantial in Armenia, which may be a vital contributor to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Our results also suggest that untreated HTN is common and when treated still not adequately controlled in Armenia. The current situation, with an insufficient control rate of HTN, must be changed as soon as possible.

The global epidemiology of hypertension.

Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Owing to the widespread use of antihypertensive medications, global mean blood pressure (BP) has remained constant or has decreased slightly over the past four decades. By contrast, the prevalence of hypertension has increased, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Estimates suggest that 31.1% of adults (1.39 billion) worldwide had hypertension in 2010. The prevalence of hypertension among adults was higher in LMICs (31.5%, 1.04 billion people) than in high-income countries (28.5%, 349 million people). Variations in the levels of risk factors for hypertension, such as high sodium intake, low potassium intake, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet, may explain some of the regional heterogeneity in hypertension prevalence. Despite the increasing prevalence, the proportions ofhypertension awareness, treatment and BP control are low, particularly in LMICs, and few comprehensive assessments of the economic impact of hypertension exist. Future studies are warranted to test implementation strategies for hypertension prevention and control, especially in low-income populations, and to accurately assess the prevalence and financial burden of hypertension worldwide.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in the Vietnamese Elderly.

Hypertension (HT) is considered as a major determinant of cardiovascular complications. However, few studies have addressed HT prevalence among adults aged 60years and older in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. To determine the prevalence of HT and its risk factors in the elderly in that area. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a study area in the northern of Vietnam. We interviewed 354 adults aged 60years or over who were randomly selected, and then measured their blood pressure. The overall HT prevalence was 62.15%. The isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) prevalence was 22.88%. There was a slight decrease in the proportion of HT by stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 respectively. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated some risk factors for HT including age groups, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we also found that the risk factors of ISH was obesity status classified by BMI category and WHR (p < 0.05). In particularly, the ethnicity was statistically significantly associated with ISH. Our data showed a high prevalence of hypertension in the elderly in studied area. The risk factors for HT and ISH among studied subjects included age groups, ethnic groups, BMI and WHR. Hence, these findings are important for policy-making related to launch public health prevention and control campaigns for hypertension among older adults in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Two Communes in the Vietnam Northern Mountainous, 2017.

Background The aims were to characterize the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and explore its associations in the northern mountainous. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in two communes in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province, between June and November 2017. All subjects at the age of 18 years and over currently living in two communes. The usage of the descriptive statistics was to characterize the HTN prevalence. We used the univariate and multivariate models of logistic regression to determine the prevalence and related factors of HTN. ResultsThere were 319 people with overall HTN in the total of 675 participants. Among people with HTN, there were 101 ones with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). The proportion of HTN among the Tay ethnic group was 47.6%. The factors related to HTN included group, body mass index (BMI), low physical fitness, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). These factors as well as the ethnicity were significantly associated with ISH. Conclusions Two communes of Chiem Hoa district in Tuyen Quang province had a high prevalence of HTN. Age, BMI, WHR, and physical activity were the risk factors of overall HTN and ISH. In particular, ISH was affected by ethnicity.

Analysis of the correlation between hemifacial spasm with different offending vessels and essential hypertension

Objective To investigate the correlation between hemifacial spasm (HFS) with different offending vessels and essential hypertension (HTN). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 267 patients of HFS who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) from November 2015 to April 2017 at Neurosurgery Department of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force. A total of 88 cases had the comorbidity of HTN (HTN group), and 179 cases had no HTN (non-HTN group). The HFS patients were divided into 4 groups based on the offending vessels: anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (n=114), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (n=85), vertebral artery (VA) (n=49) and multiple artery (MA) groups (n=19). Patients with HTN were also divided into 4 groups according to the offending vessels: HTN-AICA (n=32), HTN-PICA group (n=24), HTN-VA (n=22) and HTN-MA groups (n=10). The classifications as above were to analyze influencing factor of the incidence of HTN among HFS patients and correlation between HFS with different offending vessels and HTN by comparing the clinical data between HTN and non-HTN groups. Results There was no statistical difference in the sex, side of HFS, course of HFS, effect and recurrence at follow-up between HTN and non-HTN groups (all P >0.05). The patient’s age and onset age of HFS in HTN group was significantly higher than those in non-HTN group (both P 0.05), while the side of HFS was statistically different and there were more left-sided than right-sided patients in VA group (P =0.033). Conclusions The HFS onset age is suggested to be an influencing factor of the incidence of HTN. The proportion of HTN was higher in VA and MA groups, and left-sided VA patients are more likely to present comorbidity of HTN. Key words: Hemifacial spasm; Hypertension; Root cause analysis; Offending vessel

OS 34-01 ASSOCIATION OF COMBINATION OF HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG THE 70-YEARS-OLD JAPANESE GENERAL POPULATION FROM LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATION IN THE SONIC STUDY

Objective: It is well-documented that midlife hypertension (HT) is associated with decline of cognitive function. Recently, we reported that the influence of HT and/or elevated blood pressure on the progression of cognitive decline was attenuated at late life aged 70 of the general population in cross-sectional analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the 3 years’ longitudinal effect of HT and additive risk factors on decline of cognitive function for 70-year-old general Japanese population in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study, which is a narrow age range cohort. Design and Method: Six hundred thirty-two subjects age 70 ± 1 (49.7% men) who participated in SONIC were randomly recruited from general population and performed the follow-up study after 3 years. Data abstracted included demographics, cognitive function measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Japanese version (MoCA-J), blood pressure, blood sample, and other medical history. Multiple linear regression models were produced to calculate the standardized regression coefficients expressing independent statistical associations between variables. Results: After 3 years’ follow-up, proportion of HT, diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia (72.2%, 19.1% and 72.1%, respectively) were significantly higher than those at baseline (65.8%, 18.8% and 64.1%, respectively), whereas, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at follow-up period were significantly lower than those at baseline. MoCA-J score at follow-up was not significantly different from baseline, however, peoples with HT, especially combined with DM at baseline were significantly lower MoCA-J scores at follow-up (−0.6 and −1.4, respectively). Additionally, combination of HT and DM was the significant risk factor for the decline of MoCA-J scores after adjustment for sex, BMI, dyslipidemia, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and education level (β = −0.12; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings from the longitudinal study indicate that HT, especially combination of HT and DM is the risk factor of cognitive decline at late life aged around 70.