Proportion Of Green Space Research Articles

EVALUATION OF GREEN OPEN SPACE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN GRESIK REGENCY BASED ON CIPP EVALUATION MODEL

Rapid industrialization gives direct impact on the environmental conditions in Gresik Regency. One attempt to maintain the balance of nature due to the rapid industrialization and rapid urban development is providing enough green open space (GOS) through GOS management program. GOS not only serves to reduce air pollution caused by pollution from existing industry, but also securing the disaster area, oxygen producer, control local climate, water resources and to improve the aesthetics of urban spatial structure. Thus it is important to provide GOS not only for healthy environment but also for sustainable development. By law number 26 of 2007 regarding the Spatial Planning in article 29 states that the proportion of green space in urban areas at least 30 (thirty) percent of the area, where the proportion of public GOS in urban areas at least 20 (twenty) percent of the area, and 10 (ten) percent for private GOS, which it is in line with Gresik local regulation no 10 of 2010 regarding Green Open Space Arrangement. This research used descriptive case study method. The design of this case study is single-case design. The single case study is analogous to a single experiment. This research was conducted in Gresik regency, East Java Province. Gresik regency is known as industrial city in East Java. This condition gives huge impact on environmental degradation especially related to land use. Keywords : Development, Green Open Space, Environment

Residential buffer, perceived neighborhood, and individual activity space: New refinements in the definition of exposure areas – The RECORD Cohort Study

Neighborhood effects on health have been widely investigated; yet the definition of neighborhoods is usually arbitrary. This study analyses how disparities in environmental exposure according to urbanicity vary when considering a home-centered network-buffer, the perceived residential neighborhood, or the activity space. Exposures to the density of destinations and proportion of green space were compared for three spatial definitions of exposure areas, overall and stratified by urbanicity of the residence. Environmental exposure levels and gradients by urbanicity were found to vary depending on the spatial definition of the exposure area.

北京城市公园湿地休憩功能的利用及其社会人口学因素

城市公园湿地是城市重要的生态基础设施,是城市居民休闲游憩的重要场所,具有重要的生态、社会文化服务功能。以北京地区20个典型的公园湿地为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法,将定性指标和定量指标相结合,用统计学方法分析了休憩者对公园湿地的使用情况,并采用Logistic回归方法揭示了影响城市公园湿地利用的社会人口学因素。结果表明:(1)休憩者到访公园湿地的距离与使用频率密切相关,43.4%的休憩者到达公园湿地的行程时间<1 h,这其中34.1%的休憩者使用公园湿地的频率每年在12次以上;仅有17.4%的休憩者每年使用各公园湿地频率为12次以上,这其中85%到达各公园湿地的行程时间<1 h;(2)影响休憩者对公园湿地使用频率为每年12次以上的因素依次为行程时间、个人月收入、有无私家车、文化程度、职业、年龄。另外,性别与年龄的交互作用也有一定的影响;(3)愉悦身心是休憩者使用各公园湿地的最主要原因。研究旨在为城市公园湿地的合理优化与配置、城市绿地系统规划及城市的可持续发展提供科学依据。;This paper presents urban parks as the last remnant of natural landscapes in urbanized areas to be the recreational service of wetlands as green spaces. Although the proportion of green spaces was found to decrease with the increasing urbanization, as the major part of green spaces, urban parks can provide ecological, economic, social, and cultural services for human, and make up of public recreational areas for modern-life styles. In urban parks, water landscapes were important for the recreational service due to their direct use for residents. This study analyzed the effects of social-demographic factors on the recreational services of 20 urban parks in Beijing by questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods were used to investigate the use of urban parks wetlands, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify effects of socio-demographic factors on use of urban parks wetlands. The results show that: (1) the travel time of respondents to a park was correlated to frequency of visits. About 43.4% of the respondents live in the areas with 1 hour travel, among which 34.1% of the respondents visit the park wetlands more than 12 times every year. On the other hand, only 17.4% of the respondents visit urban parks wetlands more than 12 times every year, 85% of the respondents have accessibility less than 1 hour travel. (2) The importance of socio-demographic factors on the preference of local people to urban park decreases from travel time, income per capita, private car, education level, occupation, and age. Travel time is the most important factor to affect the use frequency of parks wetlands in Beijing. Gender and accommodation types were not significantly correlated to the frequency of use of parks wetlands in Beijing. However, the integrative effect of gender and age was obvious. (3) Most respondents visit urban parks for relax, and then getting knowledge, physical exercise, and social exchange. This study may help decision-makers and urban planners on optimization and management of urban parks.

Determinants of Activity-Friendly Neighborhoods for Children: Results from the Space Study

To examine the association between children's physical activity and factors of the built environment. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Ten neighborhoods in six cities in the Netherlands. Four hundred twenty-two children (age range, 6-11 years; 49% male). Physical activity diary, neighborhood observations, and anthropometric measures. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. According to univariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and highest level of maternal education, physical activity (> or = 3 metabolic equivalents) was significantly (p < .05) associated with the proportion of green space, with the residential density, with the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood, and with the frequency of certain types of residences (e.g., terraced houses), sports fields, water, dog waste, heavy traffic, and safe walking and cycling conditions (e.g., cycle tracks and 30-km speed zones) in the neighborhood. According to adjusted multivariate analyses, physical activity was best predicted by the frequency of parallel parking spaces in the neighborhood and by the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood (I2 = 0. 193). Children's physical activity is associated with certain modifiable factors of the built environment. Longitudinal studies should examine whether there is a causal relationship.