Proportion Of Correct Responses Research Articles

An assessment of knowledge of basic research methods among primary health care workers in Riyadh region

Background: The knowledge of and attitude towards medical research among health care staff is an important factor in delivering health care services. We aimed to assess the knowledge of basic research methods and the attitude towards medical research among health care professionals.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the health care professionals working in primary care (including physicians, nursing staff, public health professionals and other paramedical staff). A pre designed, structured, closed ended, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.Results: A great majority (80%) showed interest in participating in a research if offered opportunity. Most of the attitude items had the highest proportion (>80%) of positive response whereas the knowledge items ranged from as low as 14% (awareness of reference management) to as high as 56% (correct knowledge of consent). Although the proportion of correct responses among the physicians was higher in almost all the knowledge items, as compared to nursing and other heath staff but this difference was not observed to be statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: While majority of the participants had good attitude towards medical research, their knowledge was found to be low in basic research methodology.

The Effect of Training on Knowledge, Perception, and Practice of Healthcare Personnel on the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment during COVID-19 Pandemic at a Private Hospital in the Northern part of Thailand.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of the respiratory protective training program of healthcare personnel (HCP) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a private hospital in the northern part of Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 89 healthcare personnel (HCP) of Bangkok Hospital Phitsanulok, who required wearing a tight-fitting respirator during their duties and attended respiratory protective equipment (RPE) video-based training program regarding the general principles of respirator usage and guidelines on safely re-using RPE. A questionnaire-based assessment of participants’ 3-month retention of knowledge and perception was conducted in April 2021. A qualitative fit test (QLFT) was used in terms of practice on RPE. The proportion of correct responses in the 3-month knowledge and perception score were compared with a pre-training test and an immediate post-training test using paired t-test. The same analysis was conducted with QLFT using McNemar’s test. RESULT: Various types of RPE were used in each test depending on the supply. The most commonly used RPE was N95 (58.4%), the majority of N95 was 3MVLFEX 9105. Compared with the pretraining test, the proportion of correct responses in the immediate post-training test increased by 11% (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.07-2.23). Similarly, in 3-month post-training, the percentage of correct response also increased from pre-training by 10.4% (p < 0.001; 95% CI 0.08-2.28). HCP had an excellent level of perception on using RPE during COVID-19. No significant change in perception was found between pretraining and both immediate and 3-months after training (p = 0.536 and p = 0.384 respectively) The pass rate significantly raised to 96.6% for an immediate post-training test (p < 0.001) and to 98.8% after 3-month (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Training has played an important role to help HCP improve their knowledge and practice regarding the usage of RPE, but has no significant effect on perception. The assessment of knowledge, perception and practice retention of RPE usage after 3-month showed the positive impacts of video-based training groups on participants’ knowledge and practice. Further evaluations are needed on the interventions that enhance HPC perceptions and attitudes on safety behavior. Pre- and in-service training programs for frontline HPC during a Coronavirus 19 disease pandemic need to be considered by Thai Ministry of Public Health.

Aging Increases Cross-Modal Distraction by Unexpected Sounds: Controlling for Response Speed.

It is well-established that task-irrelevant sounds deviating from an otherwise predictable auditory sequence capture attention and disrupt ongoing performance by delaying responses in the ongoing task. In visual tasks, larger distraction by unexpected sounds (deviance distraction) has been reported in older than in young adults. However, past studies based this conclusion on the comparisons of absolute response times (RT) and did not control for the general slowing typically observed in older adults. Hence, it remains unclear whether this difference in deviance distraction between the two age groups reflects a genuine effect of aging or a proportional effect of similar size in both groups. We addressed this issue by using a proportional measure of distraction (PMD) to reanalyze the data from four past studies and used Bayesian estimation to generate credible estimates of the age-related difference in deviance distraction and its effect size. The results were unambiguous: older adults exhibited greater deviance distraction than young adults when controlling for baseline response speed (in each individual study and in the combined data set). Bayesian estimation revealed a proportional lengthening of RT by unexpected sounds that was about twice as large in older than in young adults (corresponding to a large statistical effect size). A similar analysis was carried out on the proportion of correct responses (PC) and produced converging results. Finally, an additional Bayesian analysis comparing data from cross-modal and uni-modal studies confirmed the selective effect of aging on distraction in the first and not the second. Overall, our study shows that older adults performing a visual categorization task do exhibit greater distraction by unexpected sounds than young adults and that this effect is not explicable by age-related general slowing.

Evaluation of a Multisite Safe Infant Sleep Education and Crib Distribution Program.

Rates of sleep-related infant deaths have plateaued in the past few decades despite ongoing infant sleep practice recommendations to reduce risk of sleep-related infant deaths by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The state department of public health trained facilitators at 28 sites across the state to facilitate a group safe sleep educational program. A prospective, matched pre- and post-test cohort design with follow-up was used to evaluate changes in self-reported knowledge, intentions, and practices. The final sample included 615 matched pre- and post-test surveys, and 66 matched follow-up surveys. The proportion of correct responses on all knowledge and intended practice items increased significantly from pre- to post-test. When asked where their babies would have slept if they had not received the portable crib, 66.1% of participants planned to use a recommended sleep location (e.g., crib or bassinet). At post-test, 62.3% planned to change something about their infant’s sleep based on what they learned. At follow-up, knowledge was maintained for all but two items and practices and for half of practice items. The results suggest that participating in the education program was associated with increased knowledge and intended adherence, but that these changes were not maintained at follow-up. These results are in line with the research literature that finds a difference in intentions and actual practices after the baby is born.

Can volunteers train their pet dogs to detect a novel odor in a controlled environment in under 12 weeks?

Conservation Detection Dogs (CDDs) are trained to locate biological material from plants and animals relevant to conservation efforts. CDDs can be more effective and more economical than other survey methods, yet financial costs associated with training and maintaining CDDs, while meeting their welfare needs, can prohibit their use. It takes a great deal of time and effort to train operational CDDs, but an important foundational skill is being able to detect a target odor in controlled conditions. In this study we developed and evaluated a program in which community volunteers trained their own companion dog in such a task. Following an initial assessment, 19 dog-handler teams were selected to work with two professional CDD trainers in a 12-week training program. Teams were assessed in Weeks 8 and 12 in scent board and room search activities. Seventeen teams completed the full program and located the target odor in a minimum of 75% of all search trials in which the odor was present. Search performance was re-assessed in 11 teams after a 14-week period without maintenance training, with no significant reduction in performance being found in search time, proportion of correct responses or number of false alerts. These results suggest that companion dogs can be successfully trained to locate a target odor in controlled conditions in 12 weeks and that this skill is retained for at least several months. While this is a far cry from what might be expected of a fully operational CDD, it is an important first step in demonstrating that a volunteer training model may provide one way to help address financial limitations and welfare implications that can be associated with professional CDDs, while engaging community members in important and sustainable conservation work.

Knowledge of health workers relating to sepsis awareness and management in Lambaréné, Gabon

Background In 2016, the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3) task force provided revised definitions for sepsis and septic shock. This study explores knowledge regarding sepsis among health workers in Lambaréné, Gabon.Methods We conducted a self-administered questionnaire-based survey about sepsis among health workers from the referral regional hospital, the research center, and primary care health facilities in the Lambaréné region. Participants were from the referral regional hospital, the research center, and primary health care facilities. A score of one was given to each correct answer. The global score out of a possible score of twenty was calculated, and the proportion of correct responses was determined.Results A total of 115 health workers (physicians, nurses and assistant nurses) completed the questionnaire, of which 48.7% (56/115) provided a valid definition of sepsis, but 74% (85/115) had never heard about the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. The proportion of correct answers was comparable across the three health profession categories. The median global score across all health workers was 11 [IQR, 9-14.5] out of 20. Physicians attained higher global scores [14 (IQR, 11-15)] than assistant nurses [11 (IQR, 8-13), P=0.007]; their global score was comparable to that of nurses.Conclusion There are considerable knowledge gaps regarding sepsis among health workers in Lambaréné, potentially impairing the prompt recognition and management of sepsis. There is a need to establish periodic up-to-date training to improve sepsis knowledge.

Diabetes Educational Intervention in Society to Improve (DESI) Quality of Life

Background: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is globally recognized as an integral part of diabetes management and in majority of the developed countries, it is delivered by trained diabetes educators. Unfortunately, in India, it is still not considered an essential part of diabetes management. Materials and Methods: A self-structured diabetes education program, of a 75-min duration, was developed over a period of six months. To assess the knowledge, before and after the implementation of the education program, a validated questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire 24 (DKQ24) was used. Results: A total of 50 patients (34 males; 74%) were recruited in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 54.98 ± 12.02years, with a mean duration of diabetes 12.34 ± 8.76years and mean HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.49%. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the proportion of correct responses (14 out of 24 questions; 58.3%) was seen after the implementation of the DSME program. Conclusion: There is limited research available in India on DSME. To meet the need of a structured diabetes education program in India, we have evolved one such program (duration of 75 min) within a period of six months. We anticipate this program to have enough potential in developing countries in the long run.

The impact of immunotherapy education on GI cancers.

479 Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a heterogeneous group of cancers with varying underlying pathophysiology and distinct treatment paradigms. Immunotherapy (IO) is unique in each of the subtypes and biomarkers utility varies. With the expansion of IO in each cancer subtypes, education remains essential to optimize patient outcomes through integration of the latest evidence-based data at point of care. Through the partnership between Medscape Oncology and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2 educational activities were designed to increase the knowledge and competence of oncologists surrounding the role of IO in patients with advanced GI cancers. Methods: The 2 educational activities included a text based online activity with 3 chapters focused on gastroesophageal cancers, colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a 30-minute online, video discussion with 3 faculty and synchronized slides on HCC. Educational effectiveness was assessed with repeated paired pre/post assessment where learners served as their own controls. A chi-square test was used to identify statistical significance in proportion of correct responses. The first activity launched 11/27/2019 and the second activity launched on 5/8/20. Data were collected and reported through 8/25/2020. Results: A total of 8433 learners, including 1543 oncologists, participated from 11/2019 through 8/2020. Participation in education resulted in significant relative improvements among oncologist learners on IO in GI cancers in (n = 641): 110%: role or eligibility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (p < .001) 38%: clinical trial data of ICIs (p < .001) Subsequent education on unresectable HCC demonstrated a significant relative improvement in both knowledge and competence for oncologist learners (n = 902): 19%: regarding clinical trial data in unresectable HCC (p = .073) 19%; competence identifying role of ICIs in unresectable HCC (p < .05) 59%: competence managing irAEs in unresectable HCC (p < .001). Conclusions: These 2 online CME-certified educational activities resulted in statistically significant gains in oncologist knowledge surrounding the use of IO in advanced GI cancers Follow-up education on HCC demonstrated the value and benefit of multi-modal and sequential activities on improving competence among oncologists caring for patients with unresectable HCC There remains a need for continuous education as more oncologists utilize IO in their practice while the understanding and availability of clinical data continues to expand and evolve in the varying GI cancer subtypes. More than 50% of learners continued to demonstrate a need in understanding the clinical trial data or role of IO in metastatic GI cancers with more than 40% of the learners demonstrating continued need on clinical trial data or role of IO in HCC specifically.

On the Cover: Is my Test Speeded?

“Is my test speeded?” is a question that test developers should ask when developing a power test, a test that measures ability rather than speed. A test is not speeded if most test takers have sufficient time to answer all test questions in the time allotted. One way to check the speededness of a test is to compute the completion rate – that is, the proportion of test takers who answered the test questions at the end of the test. When the time spent on test questions is available, the second way to evaluate the speededness is to compare the time spent on the questions at the end to the time spent on the questions in the beginning. The graphic shows the average response times for items according to their position in the test sequence and their difficulty (i.e., proportion of correct responses). The visual here answers the following research questions: 1) “Is there a general downward trend in mean item response times toward the end of the test, controlling for item difficulty?” and 2) “Do items become more difficult at the end of the test?” The plot shows data from multiple 60-item modules on a high-stakes certification exam. This graph was generated using the R package ggplot2 (Wickham, 2009), and code is available upon request. The solid black line is the grand mean response time by item position across all modules. First, as indicated by the solid black line, it does not appear that item response times are generally decreasing toward the end of the test, indicating that examinees are not “speeding up” as they reach the time limit. Second, the colored lines, indicating the trends in average response time by position as a function of item difficulty, show that more difficult items take more time to complete than easier items, but this relationship does not depend on item position. That is, items do not become more difficult if placed at the end of the test. Overall, the graphic suggests this exam is not speeded. Interested readers may contact Bozhidar M. Bashkov ([email protected]) for questions on this graph or the code to create it. I would recommend readers try varying the number of categories of item difficulty when creating the graph. The comparison may look sharper with a small number of categories – for example, three.

Wielding a gun increases judgments of others as holding guns: a randomized controlled trial

The gun embodiment effect is the consequence caused by wielding a gun on judgments of whether others are also holding a gun. This effect could be responsible for real-world instances when police officers shoot an unarmed person because of the misperception that the person had a gun. The gun embodiment effect is an instance of embodied cognition for which a person’s tool-augmented body affects their judgments. The replication crisis in psychology has raised concern about embodied cognition effects in particular, and the issue of low statistical power applies to the original research on the gun embodiment effect.Thus, the first step was to conduct a high-powered replication. We found a significant gun embodiment effect in participants’ reaction times and in their proportion of correct responses, but not in signal detection measures of bias, as had been originally reported. To help prevent the gun embodiment effect from leading to fatal encounters, it would be useful to know whether individuals with certain traits are less prone to the effect and whether certain kinds of experiences help alleviate the effect. With the new and reliable measure of the gun embodiment effect, we tested for moderation by individual differences related to prior gun experience, attitudes, personality, and factors related to emotion regulation and impulsivity. Despite the variety of these measures, there was little evidence for moderation. The results were more consistent with the idea of the gun embodiment effect being a universal, fixed effect, than being a flexible, malleable effect.

NCOG-13. THE IMPACT OF CME ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1-RELATED TUMORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical findings. Patients with NF1 develop benign and malignant tumors along the nerves of the skin, brain, and other body parts. Due to the unique presentation of each patient, clinicians are challenged to stay current with emerging data and how best to integrate new agents into multidisciplinary treatment paradigms. The objective of this study was to assess changes in neurologists’ and pediatricians’ knowledge and confidence through participation in education regarding NF1 treatment. METHODS The educational activity consisted of a 30-minute online enduring, 1 faculty, chapterized summary of a live symposium. Educational effect was assessed with a repeated pairs pre-/post-assessment study with a 3-item, multiple choice, knowledge questionnaire and one confidence assessment question. For all questions, each participant served as his/her own control. Pre- and post-assessment scores were compared to determine relative changes in the proportion of correct responses. A chi-square test assessed statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level. The activity launched 23rd December 2019; data were collected until 2nd April 2020. RESULTS Overall, statistically significant improvements were seen after education for neurologists (N=171, P < 0.05) and pediatricians (N=260, P < 0.01). The relative improvement in correct answers was 26% for neurologists and 48% for pediatricians (percent of total correct responses pre-/post-assessment were 27%/34% and 23%/34%, respectively). Following the activity, 16% of neurologists and 22% of pediatricians had a measurable increase in confidence regarding their understanding of multidisciplinary management of NF1. CONCLUSIONS Participation in an online, 30-minute enduring CME intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in knowledge and confidence of neurologists and pediatricians, that result in improvements in clinical care. Continued educational activities are paramount to address residual gaps and further increase clinicians’ confidence in this clinical setting.

Cochlear Implantation in Children With Single-Sided Deafness

In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration approved cochlear implantation for children with single-sided deafness (SSD). The absence of robust clinical data specific to pediatric patients to guide shared decision-making and to identify potential advantages is a challenge in family counseling. To evaluate the audiological and patient-reported outcomes in children who underwent cochlear implantation for SSD and to assess the association between time of implantation, subjective outcomes, and cochlear implant device use rates. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed were searched for English-language articles that were published in a peer-reviewed journal from database inception to February 18, 2020. Inclusion criteria were designed to capture studies that evaluated pediatric patients (1) younger than 18 years, (2) with a diagnosis of SSD for which they underwent a cochlear implantation, and (3) with at least 1 outcome of interest measured numerically: speech perception, sound localization, device use, and patient-reported outcomes. Of the 526 articles reviewed, 12 (2.3%) met the selection criteria. The Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were followed. Data were pooled using fixed-effect and random-effect models. The following information was obtained from each article: study characteristics, patient characteristics, hearing loss and intervention characteristics, and outcomes. Outcomes were (1) postoperative changes in speech perception (in quiet was measured as a proportion of correct responses, and in noise was measured as decibel signal to noise ratio for speech reception threshold) and sound localization (measured in degree of localization error), (2) patient-reported audiological outcomes (measured by the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale), and (3) device use rates among children who received cochlear implantation for SSD. Twelve observational studies that evaluated 119 children (mean [SD] age, 6.6 [4.0] years) with SSD who received a cochlear implant were included. Most children showed clinically meaningful improvement in speech perception in noise (39 of 49 children [79.6%]) and in quiet (34 of 42 children [81.0%]). Long duration of deafness (>4 years in congenital SSD and >7 years in perilingual SSD) was the most commonly proposed reason for lack of improvement. Sound localization as measured by degrees of error from true location (mean difference [MD], -24.78°; 95% CI, -34.16° to -15.40°; I2 = 10%) improved statistically significantly after cochlear implantation. Patients with acquired SSD and shorter duration of deafness compared with those with congenital SSD reported greater improvements in speech (MD, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.89-2.65 vs 1.58; 95% CI, 1.00-2.16) and spatial (MD, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.66-3.24 vs 1.68; 95% CI, 0.96-2.39) hearing qualities. The duration of deafness among device nonusers was statistically significantly longer than the duration of deafness among regular device users (median difference, 6.84; 95% CI, 4.02-9.58). This systematic review and meta-analysis found that cochlear implantation for children with SSD was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in audiological and patient-reported outcomes; shorter duration of deafness may lead to better outcomes. These findings can guide future research efforts, refine cochlear implantation candidacy criteria, and aid in family counseling and shared decision-making.

Engaging students in seagrass-focused activities

Seagrass ecosystems are widespread, valuable, and threatened. We have used this system as a model to teach 3rd – 7th grade students about food webs, the interconnectedness of ecosystems, ecosystem services, and the effects of human activity on coastal systems. Our objective was to increase student understanding of seagrass ecosystems and other key topics linked to Next Generation Science Standards in order to foster positive attitudes regarding science and highlight the importance of marine conservation. We delivered a 45-minute seagrass-focused lesson at four different afterschool science clubs (n = 47 students), including a short presentation with a live sea urchin and additional hands-on activities. Students learned how to create a seagrass food web and described how organisms are connected in an ecosystem. Surveys were given to students both before and after the lesson, and the proportion of correct responses on surveys increased after students participated in the lesson. Specifically, students demonstrated improved understanding of ecosystem services, a concept directly related to marine conservation, as well as improved understanding of the different roles in a food web. Students also demonstrated positive attitudes toward science, as 82% of students reported either “liking” or “loving” the activities.

Effectiveness of Oral Health Education on knowledge and practice among 15 year old children of Government High Schools in Lucknow city (Uttar Pradesh).

Background: Oral health education, as a part of oral health promotion, has been considered as essential and basic part of dental health services.School provides a perfect setting for health education programmes aiming to control the growing burden of oral diseases and to promote oral health. Aim: To determine the impact of oral health education on oral health knowledge and practice among 15 year old school going children of government high schools in Lucknow city. Design: The schools were selected by simple random sampling method following the lottery method of selection. These classes have children of 15 years of age. Each class has two to three sections, and these sections were chosen for the purpose of data collection. Children were selected by simple random sampling technique. Results: The oral health knowledge and awareness of all children improved significantly after the education. Statistically significant increase in the proportion of correct responses was noted following the programme especially in relation to Q2, Q6, Q7, Q9 and Q10. Conclusion: The information, which children receive and the awareness that is created during the programme in school, contributes to the first tentative steps to forming their attitudes and beliefs, which may later lead to healthier choices.
 

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Verb Fluency Performance in Individuals With Probable Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Older Adults.

Purpose To date, verb fluency tasks have been mainly analyzed quantitatively for individuals with dementia. Qualitative analysis, however, such as examining the semantic and psycholinguistic content of the responses might further inform researchers and clinicians about patients' cognitive and linguistic status. Therefore, the current study examined psycholinguistic and lexical characteristics of verb fluency responses in individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) and healthy older adults to delineate qualitative and quantitative differences between the two groups. Method The verb fluency responses from participants with pAD (amnestic type) were compared to those from age- and education-matched healthy older adults. The responses were analyzed with respect to the number and proportion of correct responses, word frequency, age of acquisition, phoneme and syllable length, and neighborhood density. The verb responses were also categorized into mental state verbs and action verbs. Additionally, a battery of cognitive-linguistic tests was administered, and for each group, relationships between correct verb fluency responses and other cognitive-linguistic skills were investigated using correlation and regression analyses. Results Similar to previous findings regarding noun retrieval in dementia, the results revealed that individuals with pAD not only produced fewer correct verb fluency responses but also generated little to no mental state verbs compared to the control group. The group with pAD also produced verbs with shorter phoneme and syllable lengths, higher word frequency, and earlier age of acquisition ratings relative to the healthy older adults. The number of correct verb fluency responses was mainly predicted by a reading comprehension score in the pAD group and a nonverbal fluency test score in the healthy group. Conclusion The current quantitative and qualitative findings add support to the contention that lexical-semantic impairments underlie word retrieval problems in pAD and such difficulties present in generative naming paradigms and also across grammatical categories.

1232-P: Addressing Gaps in Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Type 2 Diabetes Care

Background: Collaborations between cardiologists (C) and diabetes care clinicians (D/PCP) for patients with T2DM is low, despite availability of antidiabetes drugs possessing CV benefit (SGLT2i and GLP-1RA). Methods: To address gaps in collaborations between C and D/PCP, a 2x60 min, case-based CME series entitled “Diabetes from the Perspective of the Cardiologist: An Evolving Paradigm?” was launched live, online in July 2019 and remained on-demand for 6 months. The format was an interactive discussion among members of each specialty, exploring how they interact with each other on care decisions. The sessions incorporated audience polling and live questions and answers. Educational evaluation included pre/post/2-mos. follow-up surveys targeting attitude, knowledge, competence, and self-reported clinical impact. Results: As of 12/2019, 934 learners (L) participated (including 152 C, 344 D/PCP) and 67 L completed the follow-up survey. At 2-mos. post, 81% L reported the education had a positive impact on their clinical practice, including “more collaboration/communication among specialties”, and “more appropriate use of new agents.” While L reported increased confidence about the CV benefit of diabetes medications (95% vs. 84%), the proportion of correct responses to post-activity case-based questions was similar in pre and post activity evaluations, ranging from 20% to 55%. After the activity, the proportion of L who believed that C and D/PCP should independently prescribe GLP-1RA was the same as before (73% to 78%), but that proportion decreased for SGLT2 i (95% to 82%). Conclusions: CME successfully enhanced C and D/PCP’s appreciation of the importance of the role of each other in CV protection efforts for T2DM people. C and D/PCP grew a greater understanding of the place of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in CV protection, but their responses to case-based questions, which may reflect their low experience with the agents, justify the need for practical, continuous education. Disclosure C. Drexel: None. W. Turell: None. Y. Handelsman: Advisory Panel; Self; Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca. Consultant; Self; Applied Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Research Support; Self; Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Amarin Corporation, Amgen, AstraZeneca. S. Baum: Consultant; Self; Akcea Therapeutics, Amgen, Gerson Lehman Group, Guidepoint Global, Novo Nordisk Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi US. Research Support; Self; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Akcea, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Axcella Health, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., cirius, CymBay Ther, Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Gemphire Therapeutics Inc., genfit, high tide, ingredion inc, interhealth nutraceuticals, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., isis, kemin foods, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, regenxbio, the medicine comp, Theracos, Inc. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Akcea Therapeutics, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; vital therapy. Funding AstraZeneca; Boehringer Ingelheim/Eli Lilly and Company; Novo Nordisk

0299 Total Sleep Deprivation and Time on Task: Not the Same for Sustained Attention and Executive Processes and Poor Benefit of Caffeine

Abstract Introduction Mental Fatigue is commonly questioned regarding time on task or sleep debt effect (Hockey, 2013; Pattyn et al., 2018) or sleep debt effect (Krause et al., 2017). No studies have neither investigated contributions of these two factors for different cognitive processes nor benefit of caffeine. Methods 24 right-handed and healthy subjects (18–50 years old), with a median chronotype and sleep need participated in a 2-experimental counter-balanced (placebo: PBO and caffeine: COFFEE - 2.5 mg/kg) total sleep deprivation protocol (TSD = 27 hours of continuous wakefulness). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), sustained attention (PC-PVT), inhibition (Go-NoGo) and working memory (2N-Back) capabilities were tested each morning during BASE and TSD (10 min. test session from 9:15 am to 10:15 am). Caffeine was ingested with a decaffeinated drink at 8:30 am. Results KSS score (5.6±0.4 vs 3.2±0.3; p<0.001), number of Lapses (9.8±1.7 vs 0.4±0.2; p<0.001), mean response time (RT: 308±4.9 vs 260±9.4; p<0.001) in PVT, errors of commission (6.4±0.4 vs 3.1±0.3; p<0.01) and mean response time (RT: 336±24 vs 301±13; p<0.01) in Go-NoGo were significantly higher after TSD compared to BASE. Neither significant difference in the proportion of correct responses (CR: 0.92±0.015 vs 0.90±0.014; p>0.15) nor RT (592±49 vs 640±28 ms, p > 0,11), were observed in the 2N-Back task. Further analyses showed different TOT x TSD interaction for PVT (after 3 min of task engagement), Go-NoGo (after 6 min) and 2N-Back (after 8 min). Number of Lapses was significantly but partially reduced (5.8±0.4 vs 9.8±1.7; p<0.01) in COFFEE condition compared with PBO with more aversive effects for Go-NoGo errors and 2N-Back BR. Conclusion Our results are in accordance with previous studies showing differential kinetic of cognitive deficits under TSD, limited benefit of sleep banking and regular physical activity (Arnal et al., 2015; Rabat et al., 2019; Sauvet et al., 2019) and no benefit of caffeine on executive processes (Gottsellig et coll., 2006; Killgore et coll., 2007, 2012). Keywords: TSD, TOT, Attention, Executive, Caffeine. Support Grants from the French General Directorate for Armament (Contract Number: SAN-1–509).

Optimizing management of glioblastoma: Educational impact on clinicians.

11026 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare, malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) with poor prognosis. Nearly all patients experience recurrence due to GBM’s heterogeneity and there is currently no standard approach to treatment. Despite having few targeted agents with demonstrated efficacy, molecular testing is utilized due to its value in improving diagnostic accuracy and prognostic stratification. Moreover, recent data has shown an increase in promising data with regards to treating GBM using various mechanisms. Because of the clinical conundrum GBM poses and the lack of available treatment options, clinicians are challenged to stay current with new data and how best to integrate new agents into treatment paradigms. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in oncologists’ and pathologists’ knowledge through participation in education regarding optimal GBM treatment. Methods: The educational activity was a 30-minute online, video discussion segmented into 3 parts with synchronized slides and 2 faculty. Educational effect was assessed with a repeated pairs pre-/post-assessment study with a 3-item, multiple choice, knowledge questionnaire and one confidence assessment question. For all questions, each participant served as his/her own control. Pre- and post-assessment scores were compared to determine the relative changes in the proportion of correct responses. A chi-square test assessed statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level. The activity launched 26th June 2019; data were collected until 19th August 2019. Results: Overall significant improvements were seen after education for oncologists (N = 62, P < .001) and pathologists (N = 67, P < .01). The relative improvement was 67% for oncologists and 45% for pathologists (pre-/post-assessment average correct response rates were 30%/50% and 29%/42%, respectively). Following the activity, 55% of oncologists and 51% of pathologists had a measurable improvement in confidence in their ability to differentiate among late-stage investigational agents for GBM based on mechanism of action. Conclusions: Participation in an online, CME intervention consisting of a series of video discussions, totaling 30-minutes, resulted in statistically significant improvements in knowledge and confidence of oncologists and pathologists, that may lead to improvements in clinical care. As new data and agents emerge, new educational activities are necessary to reinforce knowledge, close persistent gaps, and increase oncologists’ and pathologists’ confidence in this clinical setting.

Knowledge and Attitudes Towards LARCs Among Medicaid Recipients Desiring Surgical Sterilization [24I

INTRODUCTION: We sought to compare knowledge and attitudes about long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) among reproductive-age Medicaid recipients with satisfied parity who were not currently using LARC. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using 18 true/false and Likert-items compiled from previously validated surveys assessing perceptions about LARC. We compared two groups: people seeking surgical sterilization and those who were not. Our primary outcome was the proportion of correct responses. Secondary outcomes were the proportion with negative LARC perceptions, and the proportion who would consider using LARC. 67 subjects were needed to detect a small-medium estimated effect size of Cohens f2=0.20, with 95% power and alpha=0.05. RESULTS: 67 people participated: 43 desiring sterilization and 24 not. Subjects desiring sterilization were older (mean age 31.9 versus 28.4, P=.01), had higher gravidity (6 versus 3, P=.01) and parity (3 versus 2, P=.01). Subjects desiring sterilization had lower overall knowledge about LARC (62% correct responses versus 70%, P=.042) and more negative perceptions about LARC (54% versus 38%, P=.048). Fewer subjects desiring sterilization correctly identified LARC efficacy as equal to sterilization (32% versus 83%, P<.01), and fewer would consider using LARC (IUD: 23% versus 58%, P<.01; implant: 16% versus 46%, P<.01). A higher proportion of subjects desiring sterilization agreed with “I do not like the idea of putting an object in my body” (60% versus 29%, P=.014). CONCLUSION: Lower knowledge about LARC, particularly regarding efficacy, among people desiring sterilization underscores the need for comprehensive counseling. The higher proportion of negative perceptions towards LARC among people desiring sterilization warrant further study.

Understanding the expanding armamentarium for GIST: Engaged learning outcomes.

837 Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare soft-tissue sarcomas that harbor specific genomic alterations, making GIST an ideal model for targeted therapy. Common oncogenic drivers include mutations in the KIT and PDGFR tyrosine kinase. Due to varying resistance patterns to existing TKIs, clinicians are challenged to stay current with new data and how best to integrate new agents into treatment paradigms. The objective of this study was to assess the changes in oncologists’ and gastroenterologists’ knowledge, competence, and confidence through participation in education regarding optimal GIST treatment. Methods: The educational activity consisted of a 30-minute online, 2 faculty, video discussion with synchronized slides. Educational effect was assessed with a repeated pairs pre-/post-assessment study with a 3-item, multiple choice, knowledge/competence questionnaire and one confidence assessment question. For all questions, each participant served as his/her own control. Pre- and post-assessment scores were compared to determine the relative changes in the proportion of correct responses. A chi-square test assessed statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level. The activity launched 25th June 2019; data were collected until 19th August 2019. Results: Overall significant improvements were seen after education for oncologists (N=52, P < 0.001) and gastroenterologists (N=127, P < 0.01). The relative improvement was 79% for oncologists and 44% for gastroenterologists (pre-/post-assessment average correct response rates were 24%/43% and 23%/33%, respectively). Following the activity, 44% of oncologists and 37% of gastroenterologists were more confident in their ability to select appropriate therapy for patients with metastatic GIST. Conclusions: Participation in an online, 30-minute video discussion CME intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in knowledge, competence, and confidence of oncologists and gastroenterologists, that may lead to improvements in clinical care. As new data and agents emerge, new educational activities are necessary to reinforce knowledge, close persistent gaps, and increase oncologists’ confidence in this clinical setting.