Prophylaxis Paste Research Articles

Dentsply International, Inc.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 84-84 U.S. Company Reports Dentsply International, Inc.† First published: 20 April 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.3892 † Contact: : Gary K. Kunkle Jr. — Chmn., C.E.O. Address: : 21 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17405-0872 Web Site: : www.dentsply.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Medical Instruments & Equipment (MIC: 9.6 SIC: 3843 NAIC: 339114) Dentsply International designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of products for the dental market. Co. business includes the manufacture and distribution of dental prosthetics, precious metal dental alloys, dental ceramics, endodontic instruments and materials, prophylaxis paste, dental sealants, ultrasonic sealers and crown and bridge materials, dental handpieces, dental x-ray film holders, film mounts and bone substitute/grafting materials. Co. is also a manufacturer or distributor of dental injectable anesthetics, impression materials, orthodontic appliances, dental cutting instruments and dental implants. Co. distributes its dental products in over 120 countries. Volume3, Issue2Spring 2006Pages 84-84 RelatedInformation

Dentsply International, Inc.

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 83-83 U.S. Company Reports Dentsply International, Inc.† First published: 30 June 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.4309 † Contact: : Gary K. Kunkle Jr. — Chmn., C.E.O. Address: : 221 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17405-0872 Web Site: : www.dentsply.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Medical Instruments & Equipment (MIC: 9.6 SIC: 3843 NAIC: 339114) Dentsply International designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of products for the dental market. Co. business includes the manufacture and distribution of dental prosthetics, precious metal dental alloys, dental ceramics, endodontic instruments and materials, prophylaxis paste, dental sealants, ultrasonic sealers and crown and bridge materials, dental handpieces, dental x-ray film holders, film mounts and bone substitute/grafting materials. Co. is also a manufacturer or distributor of dental injectable anesthetics, impression materials, orthodontic appliances, dental cutting instruments and dental implants. Co. distributes its dental products in over 120 countries. Volume3, Issue3Summer 2006Pages 83-83 RelatedInformation

Dentsply International, Inc.

AbstractMedical Instruments & Equipment (MIC: 9.6 SIC: 3843 NAIC: 339114)Dentsply International designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of products including dental prosthetics, precious metal dental alloys, dental ceramics, endodontic instruments and materials, prophylaxis paste, dental sealants, ultrasonic sealers, dental injectible anesthetics and crown and bridge materials, dental x‐ray equipment, dental handpieces, intraoral cameras, dental x‐ray film holders, film mounts and bone substitute/grafting materials, impression materials, orthodontic appliances, dental cutting instruments and dental implants to the dental market.

Effect of fluoride application on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a resin-modified glass-ionomer

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fluoride application at 3 different steps of the bonding process on the shear bond strength and bond failure site of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Sixty stainless steel brackets were bonded to bovine incisors with Fuji Ortho LC (GC Europe, Leuven, Belgium) under 4 different enamel conditions: (1) uncontaminated enamel, (2) enamel precleaned with fluoride-containing prophylaxis paste, (3) 1.1% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel applied immediately before conditioning, and (4) 1.1% APF gel applied immediately before bonding. After bonding, all samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and subsequently tested in shear mode on a universal testing machine. No significant differences were found between groups 1 (uncontaminated enamel) and 2 (fluoride application during prophylaxis). Both groups showed significantly greater shear bond strength values than groups 3 (fluoride application before conditioning) and 4 (fluoride application before bonding). Groups 3 and 4 did not differ significantly. Moreover, no significant differences in debond locations were found among the 4 groups. Fluoride application during initial prophylaxis does not affect the bond strength values of Fuji Ortho LC, whereas it significantly lowers bond strength values when applied before both conditioning and bonding.

The influence of toothpastes and prophylaxis pastes on fluorescence measurements for caries detection in vitro

The aim of this study was to test the influence of toothpaste and prophylaxis paste remnants as well as powder remnants on DIAGNOdent readings. A total of 68 sites on the occlusal surface of human molars were used for this study. After a cleaning procedure, saliva was spread on the tooth surface, dried for 3 s, and DIAGNOdent (DD) values were measured. After these measurements were performed, 500 mg of the toothpaste or prophylaxis paste was taken and the occlusal surface was cleaned for 3 s with a slow rotating contra-angle handpiece. The paste was then rinsed off with the 3-in-1 syringe for 3 s using water with air. The DD measurements were taken again and the rinsing for 3 s and fluorescence measurements were repeated. The procedure with the powder using the PROPHYflex 2 was, in principle, the same. Whereas only small differences could be detected on sound surfaces, there was a distinct influence on decayed surfaces. It could be concluded that when the DIAGNOdent device is used in practice and special care in rinsing after cleaning is not taken, it is possible that false readings are registered.

Evaluation of residual monomer elimination methods in three different fissure sealants in vitro

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of residual monomers and to evaluate the effectiveness of elimination methods of residual monomers in three different fissure sealant materials (Helioseal F, Filtek Flow and EXM-510). The sealant materials were divided into four subgroups because of the treatment methods used; one control group and three experimental groups (cotton roll, rubber cup and prophylaxis paste in cup). High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of residual monomers. Results of the study showed that residual Bis-glycidyl dimethacrylate elution was the highest in Helioseal F and the lowest in Filtek Flow with the three methods tested. For triethleneglycol dimethacrylate, EXM-510 eluted the highest residual monomer. It was also found that although the three tested methods were insufficient for removing all of the residual monomers and rubbing with cotton rolls was more effective than other two methods.

Dentsply International, Inc. (NEW)

Mergent's Dividend AchieversVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 79-79 U.S. Company Report Dentsply International, Inc. (NEW)† First published: 22 April 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/div.2250 † Contact: : John C. Miles II — Chmn. Address: : 221 West Philadelphia Street, York, PA 17405-0872 Web Site: : www.dentsply.com AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Medical Instruments & Equipment (MIC: 9.6 SIC: 843 NAIC: 39114) Dentsply International designs, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of products including dental prosthetics, precious metal dental alloys, dental ceramics, endodontic instruments and materials, prophylaxis paste, dental sealants, ultrasonic scalers, dental injectible anesthetics and crown and bridge materials, dental x-ray equipment, dental handpieces, intraoral cameras, dental x-ray film holders, film mounts and bone substitute/grafting materials, impression materials, orthodontic appliances, dental cutting instruments and dental implants to the dental market. Volume2, Issue2Spring 2005Pages 79-79 RelatedInformation

Microbiological changes associated with dental prophylaxis

Despite the common application of dental prophylaxis as part of patient therapy, there is little reported that describes the microbiological impact of this treatment. The authors gave 20 healthy college-aged subjects three dental prophylaxes with a fluoride-containing prophylaxis paste during a two-week period and instructed them in oral hygiene. They evaluated the microbiological composition of dental plaque samples collected before and after treatment using DNA probe analysis. They analyzed 40 representative bacterial species in seven bacterial complexes by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay techniques. After three dental prophylaxes, the patients' mean Gingival Index score decreased from 0.82 to 0.77, the mean Plaque Index score decreased from 0.72 to zero, and the total number of bacteria per tooth decreased to approximately one-third of the original number. The authors computed two different measures of bacterial presence. The reduction in bacterial numbers was statistically significant and occurred in many species. Bacterial proportion (DNA percentage or percentage of the bacteria per tooth) did not change significantly. Greater reductions in bacterial count occurred in species that showed high numbers before treatment. The total bacterial count decreased by approximately 72 percent of its original level before prophylaxis was initiated. Professional dental prophylaxis did not target any particular bacteria or bacterial groups but removed bacteria nonspecifically and in proportion to their initial numbers. Repeated dental prophylaxes effect a reduction in bacterial amount that is commensurate with the initial amount, but they do does not alter composition. This suggests that mild gingivitis may be a bacterially nonspecific effect of plaque accumulation and emphasizes the need for regular plaque removal to maintain optimal gingival health.

Pits and fissures: relative space contribution in fissures from sealants, prophylaxis pastes and organic remnants.

Previous studies by the authors have looked at the nature of the fissure system of human permanent molars and premolars, and has provided evidence for the presence of a prismless layer of enamel. It was noted during these studies that the fissure spaces were often occupied by material other than the fissure sealant. The aim of this study was to define these materials and to look at the percentage contribution of each to the sealed fissure space. A sample of teeth, both molars and premolars, were sealed with an unfilled fissure sealant after prophylaxis with a coloured prophylaxis paste. In one group, the crown of the tooth was removed by dissolution in hydrochloric acid following placement of the sealant. This revealed a negative image of the fissure system and its contents. The second group of teeth was sectioned following sealing, and the contents of the fissure space were analyzed. The negative image of the fissure system displayed the fissure contents by colour and the sectioned teeth were able to be computer analyzed to establish the relative contribution of sealant, prophylaxis paste and organic material to the fissure space. Sealant contribution was in the range of 14-96 per cent, prophylaxis paste from 0-50 per cent and organic remnants 0-55 per cent. The presence of these last two components could contribute to sealant loss.

Effects of four prophylaxis pastes on surface roughness of a composite, a hybrid ionomer, and a compomer restorative material.

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of three prophylaxis pastes (Nupro with coarse, medium, or fine pumice) with a new paste (Clinpro with perlite) on the surface roughness of a resin composite (Dyract AP), a hybrid ionomer (Fuji II LC), and a compomer (TPH Spectrum). Twenty disks (2 mm thick x 10 mm in diameter) of each material were prepared in split molds and stored for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in a 100% relative humidity humidistat. Baseline Mylar surface roughness values were determined. A single operator polished each specimen for 10 seconds with each paste. Five tracings of each specimen of surface roughness (Ra, microm) were made using a surface profilometer. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (three restorative materials and four prophylaxis pastes as factors) and compared using Tukey-Kramer intervals calculated at the 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among restorative materials (after polishing) and prophylaxis polishing agents. Tukey-Kramer intervals for comparisons were 0.04 and 0.05 microm, respectively. All polishing agents produced significant increased roughness compared with baseline, yielding the following results (X + SD, microm) for the three restorative materials (Fuji II LC, TPH Spectrum, Dyract AP): perlite, 0.16 +/- 0.07, 0.28 +/- 0.26, 0.79 +/- 0.64; course pumice, 0.36 +/- 0.17, 0.48 +/- 0.25, 0.88 +/- 0.46; medium pumice, 0.26 +/- 0.10, 0.35 +/- 0.30, 0.46 +/- 0.21; and fine pumice, 0.16 +/- 0.06, 0.34 +/- 0.30, 0.42 +/- 0.24). Fine pumice and perlite produced the least roughness on the hybrid ionomer, medium and fine pumice on the resin composite, and perlite on the compomer. Since prophylaxis pastes have the potential to increase the surface roughness of resin composite, hybrid ionomer, and compomer restorative materials, routine polishing during prophylaxis should be avoided.

Effect of contact media on the diagnostic quality of electrical resistance measurements for occlusal caries.

Electrical resistance measurements have been used for the diagnosis of occlusal caries. Both site and surface-specific techniques have been described, the latter more suited to clinical trials or epidemiological surveys. For surface-specific measurements the tooth is dried and a contact medium drawn along the fissure pattern to provide an electrical contact between a probe tip and the tooth surface. Different contact media have been used and it was the aim of this study to investigate whether different contact media could influence the diagnostic accuracy and repeatability of surface-specific electrical resistance measurements. Electrical resistance readings were taken on 99 molar teeth using saline, KY jelly, toothpaste or dental prophylaxis paste. Readings were repeated on 44 randomly selected teeth. The teeth were serially sectioned and visually examined to establish the deepest lesion if present. The Student t-test showed that there were statistically significant differences between readings taken with different contact media, with the exception of toothpaste and prophylaxis paste, where no difference was found. The strongest relationship between histology and resistance reading was achieved with KY jelly (r = 0.559). The optimum sensitivity and specificity achieved was 0.59 and 0.86, respectively (resistance cut-off 0.1 M(Omega)). ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of saline was significantly inferior to the other contact media (P < 0.05). Limits of agreement were used to assess repeatability which were acceptable for all media except toothpaste. Differences were found between electronic resistance readings taken with different contact media. KY jelly was found to produce the best overall diagnostic performance and should be the standard material used for surface-specific measurements.

Degradability of dental ceramics.

The degradation of dental ceramics generally occurs because of mechanical forces or chemical attack. The possible physiological side-effects of ceramics are their tendency to abrade opposing dental structures, the emission of radiation from radioactive components, the roughening of their surfaces by chemical attack with a corresponding increase in plaque retention, and the release of potentially unsafe concentrations of elements as a result of abrasion and dissolution. The chemical durability of dental ceramics is excellent. With the exception of the excessive exposure to acidulated fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, or hydrofluoric acid, there is little risk of surface degradation of virtually all current dental ceramics. Extensive exposure to acidulated fluoride is a possible problem for individuals with head and/or neck cancer who have received large doses of radiation. Such fluoride treatment is necessary to minimize tooth demineralization when saliva flow rates have been reduced because of radiation exposure to salivary glands. Porcelain surface stains are also lost occasionally when abraded by prophylaxis pastes and/or acidulated fluoride. In each case, the solutes are usually not ingested. Further research that uses standardized testing procedures is needed on the chemical durability of dental ceramics. Accelerated durability tests are desirable to minimize the time required for such measurements. The influence of chemical durability on surface roughness and the subsequent effect of roughness on wear of the ceramic restorations as well as of opposing structures should also be explored on a standardized basis.

Finishing of amalgam restorations: a three-year clinical study

Class I and Class II amalgam restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of 66 patients, each of whom received a minimum of three restorations. At least one of these restorations was carved-only, at least one was immediately finished (using a prophylaxis paste on rubber cups at low speed, 8 or 10 min after trituration), and at least one restoration was polished (using finishing burs and polishing points, more than 24 h after placement). The number of restorations available for assessment of marginal fracture using the 11-unit photographic scale developed by Mahler was 253 at baseline, 249 at 1-year and 2-year recalls and 228 at the 3-year recall. Although polished restorations exhibited greater initial (baseline) marginal fracture, at 1-year, 2-year and 3-year recalls the restorations were found to exhibit a similar amount of marginal fracture regardless of the finishing technique. The amount of perceived marginal fracture increased steadily after 1 year. The immediate finishing of amalgam restorations showed no long-term benefit over the other techniques and has little to commend it. The clinical finishing of amalgam restorations is discussed in the light of this and other research.

Three-year evaluation of effect of surface conditioning on bonding of glass ionomer cement in cervical abrasion lesions.

Cervical abrasion/erosion lesions were restored without any form of mechanical cavity preparation with an anhydrous glass ionomer cement. To study the effect of dentin pretreatment on the bonding between dentin and glass ionomer cement three cleaning methods were tested: 1) mechanical cleaning with a prophylaxis paste, 2) scrubbing with a surface active cavity cleanser (Tubulicid) for 60 seconds, or 3) a 10-15 s application of a 40% polyacrylic acid solution. During a 3-yr period, 193 restorations were evaluated every 6 months. Cumulative loss rates after 3 yr were 11.6%, 12.3%, and 17.9% respectively. One restoration showed secondary caries during the evaluation period.

Resin-to-enamel bonds: effect of cleaning the enamel surface with prophylaxis pastes containing fluoride or oil

A thorough dental prophylaxis before acid-etching of enamel is often recommended. In the method most commonly used, a slurry of pumice is applied with a rubber cup. Oil-based and fluoride-containing prophylaxis pastes are not generally recommended because of fears that they might hinder the etching process. This study assessed the 24-hour shear strength of resin (Scotchbond 2/Silux Plus) bonded to etched enamel which had been cleaned before acid-etching with a slowly rotating rubber cup loaded with: (1) wet pumice; (2) fluoride-containing non-oil-based pastes (En-De-Kay fluoride paste, Nupro fluoride paste); (3) non-fluoride oil-based paste (Kemdent); and (4) nonfluoride non-oil-based pastes (Nupro, Orapol). The bond strength values obtained after using the various cleaning agents were similar. Furthermore, bond failure in all the test groups was of the cohesive type. It therefore appears that prophylaxis pastes containing fluoride or oil may be used to clean the enamel before acid-etching.

Critical Evaluation of the Composition and Use of Topical Fluorides

This report reviews the current status of various topical fluoride systems commonly used for caries prevention; these systems include professional fluoride applications, prophylaxis pastes, varnishes, rinses, gels, and dentifrices. Although the cariostatic benefits of professional applications are well-established from early studies, the magnitude of benefit relative to other preventive measures needs to be re-assessed under current conditions. Significant cariostatic benefits from fluoride prophylaxis pastes remain to be established, as does the relative efficacy of fluoride varnishes in comparison with other fluoride measures. The established cariostatic activity of fluoride rinses with supervised usage needs confirmation under normal home usage conditions. There is inadequate evidence to justify either increasing or decreasing the concentration of fluoride in conventional dentifrices whose efficacy is well-established. Based on limited clinical data and supportive laboratory data, fluoride appears to be effective for preventing root-surface caries.

An Evaluation of the Use of Professional (Operator-applied) Topical Fluorides

Application of fluoride solutions, gels, varnishes, and prophylaxis pastes is reviewed as well as the sequential APF/SnF2 office-rinse method. The most widely-used technique is with 1.23% APF gel (12,300 ppm F) in trays. Clinical results from this method are similar to those achieved with an APF solution of the same fluoride concentration. A professional APF gel/tray application need not be preceded by a prophylaxis, should last four min, and should not be followed by a water rinse for 30 min. Fluoride varnishes are newer topical fluoride agents, but their relative efficacy, compared with other proven caries-inhibitory methods, remains to be fully determined. In general, fluoride prophylaxis pastes have not been shown to inhibit caries; however, their use is justified by the ability of some to replenish fluoride lost from the abrasive action of the paste on tooth enamel. The sequential office-rinse method has not been tested in randomized clinical trials, and its use cannot be recommended.

Evaluation of Topical Fluoride Preparations

For practical reasons, evaluation of topical fluoride products must depend upon clinical and laboratory assessments. While not always a good predictor of clinical efficacy by itself, fluoride uptake is the most commonly used laboratory test. A consideration of the relationship between possible anticaries mechanisms of fluoride, different product types, and the meaning of various kinds of fluoride uptake data suggests that both the amount of fluoride taken up by early lesions and the amount of ambient fluoride present at a cariogenic site may play key roles in determining the efficacy of a product. While formulations applied annually or semi-annually probably depend on fluoride deposition, those used daily might not. There are no clear data supporting the superiority of one fluoride compound over another, even for infrequently used products, although there are significant differences among them in fluoride uptake by enamel. This suggests that fluoride uptake in vivo at a cariogenic site might actually be different from that suggested by in vitro data, or that larger differences are required for a clinical effect to be observable. Clinical data support the conclusion that a large increase in the fluoride concentration of a product will somewhat increase its anticaries effectiveness, although the increase will not be linearly related to concentration. There also are no obvious differences in clinical effectiveness caused by the addition of gelling agents to topical solutions. Fluoride varnishes are clinically effective but have not been shown to be superior to topical solutions or gels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of an air-powder polishing system on orthodontically bracketed and banded teeth

S i n c e the introduction of air-powder polishing systems i n 1977, ~ air-powder polishing has been shown to be an efficient and effective method for removal of stain and plaque. 2 Air-powder polishing systems use air, water, and sodium bicarbonate to deliver a controlled stream that propels specially processed sodium bicarbonate particles to the tooth surface. 3s It has been demonstrated that this increasingly popular technique requires less tihae and less physical exertion by the operator than polishing with a rubber cup and prophylaxis paste. In addition, no heat is generated with this type of system. 2 Studies of the air-powder polishing method have examined its efficacy in stain removal and 2 its effects on soft tissue, 2'6-12 hard tissue, 5a3'~4 and restorative materials. 3'''~6 William et al. ~s found that air-powder polishing treatment imparted a nonuniformly roughened surface to enamel. Atkinson et al. s and Toevs, '4 however, found root surfaces to be smooth after treatment with the air-powder polishing system. Furthermore, this system has been shown to produce some immediate soft tissue trauma. In all of these studies this gingival trauma has been shown to be transient and clinically insignificant. ~7 Although air-powder polishing systems have been shown to be effective, it has been demonstrated that these systems have the potential for removing considerable amounts of resinous restorative materialY ~'16 On the other hand, porcelain, amalgam, and gold alloy restorations generally are not significantly affected. ~a6 However, Barnes and associates did note an erosion of cement from the margin of cast-alloy restorations.3 The purpose of this two-part study, based on studies to date that have shown deleterious effects on resinous materials and cement, was to examine the efficacy and

Effects of various agents in cleaning cut dentine.

The effectiveness of various agents in cleaning cut dentine surfaces was investigated. Attempts to remove the smeared layer of dentine after the preparation of a cavity showed that a polyacrylic acid (Durelon liquid) gave the best result, flour of pumice or a prophylaxis paste (Prevodontic) used with a rubber cup were effective, but 3% hydrogen peroxide and a cavity cleaner (Cavilax) were not. The only effective agents following the use of a zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement were the flour of pumice and prophy paste.