Property Owners Research Articles

Simplification of real-estate contracts with the Land Administration System: a case study of Poland

This article examines the practicalities of Notaries Public using the Land Administration System for e-service transfer of property ownership. Herein, we use the example of the Polish Integrated Real Estate Information System (IREIS) in the activities of a Notary Public. Good governance and its genesis and IREIS developmental stages are initially assessed with emphasis on the functionality of the system and integration of the databases containing the information needed to prepare for notarial duties. The most important legal provisions applied to the conducting of professional duties by notaries are then discussed. These notably include the provisions of Notary Law and the Civil Code. Notarial tasks were then examined with regard to the possibility and admissibility of using the IREIS to accelerate their activities, decrease delays in essential formalities and minimize associated costs. Conclusions are drawn, and these include the forecast of future innovative solutions by e-service communication.

Age-related depreciation of older properties

ABSTRACT The value of a property tends to decrease over time as it ages, resulting in a reduced ability to generate the same value. Property depreciation is a multifaceted concept that encompasses both technical and economic aspects. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether additional information on the quality of older single-family homes affected the depreciation factor. We collected specific data from property owners on the frequency of various maintenance and reinvestment operations, both internal and external, such as the roof, foundation, heating, and kitchen. Our database consists of nearly 10,000 owner-occupied single-family houses in Sweden sold between the beginning of 2021 and 2022 that are over 30 years old. Our results show, as expected, that the depreciation per year for older properties is lower. However, for older properties that have been renovated, the age-related price effect is an appreciation. This is especially true for older properties built before 1940. Renovating and maintaining older properties can mitigate the age-related decline in prices and should be taken into account when valuing properties, especially properties older than 80 years.

A person VS the state: studying access to justice

The purpose of this article is to expand the access to justice research agenda by focusing on a person’s identity in dispute with state authority. Keeping in mind that everyone should be able to challenge governmental actions and decisions adverse to their rights or interests, in- depth research on access to justice in “a person vs the state” disputes which takes place in courts of administrative jurisdiction, is needed. The methodology of the research acknowledges the unavailability of statistical data about the litigants, and the finding of the study which shows that different groups defended their rights with varying degrees of success. Thus, an innovative approach to the analysis of the Supreme Court judgements was used. It envisions leaving aside legal issues such as statutory interpretation, and instead examines the judgements through the lens of litigant’s characteristics. The findings show that the judgements of the Administrative Court of Cassation within the Supreme Court reflect the diversity of characteristics of persons who apply to administrative courts, including categories directly named in the Constitution of Ukraine as well as not specifically mentioned in it, such as war veterans, IDPs, etc. The financial status of the litigants varies from low-income to quite wealthy, and a certain category of plaintiff is not limited to one type of specific legal problem. For example, “property owners” challenge the decisions of state agencies in a wide range of areas: taxation, urban planning, social benefits, freedom of movements, etc. However, the vast majority of “a person vs the state” disputes concern the refusal to provide some benefits rather than action against a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This can be seen as a Soviet legacy to perceive the state as a welfare provider. Following the people-centered approach to access to justice is essential to reorient the court statistics from “cases and files” to litigants and their characteristics which allow to relay on data to find out whether there is any connection between some features (characteristics) of litigants and types of lawsuits.

Uloga faktora rizika, kompatibilnosti partnera, organizacijske kreativnosti i vrijednosti zajedničkog stvaranja na uspješnost tvrtke: primjer malih i srednjih poduzeća u Vijetnamu

This research aims to analyze how risk and compatibility between partners affect organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance in a developing economy. The PLS-SEM method was utilized to process and evaluate a dataset of 454 valid cases from property owners, chief executives, vice presidents, broad assistants, and department managers of SMEs in Vietnam. The results validated the connections between risk variables, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. This study further enhances the current knowledge base in the realm of partner selection and provides valuable insights that can be applied in managerial contexts. Companies must consider external factors like risk and partner compatibility to improve organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. While risk factors, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and business performance have garnered significant attention in academic circles globally, there is a shortage of studies exploring the interrelationships among these five phenomena together. This research is one of the initial studies that presents a complete model elucidating the interconnections between different categories.

Strategies and Practices of Renovating Old Buildings and Urban Renewal

This research aims to explore methods and strategies for the renovation of old buildings to meet the demands of urban renewal and cultural preservation. In the process of modern urbanization, the preservation and renovation of old buildings have become significant topics. However, constraints such as financial limitations, technological challenges, and societal obstacles to cultural awareness and understanding have hindered the renovation process. This study examines typical cases from both domestic and international contexts, delving into the technologies and methods employed in the renovation of old buildings. It investigates strategies related to policy regulations, social involvement, and environmentally friendly materials. Employing a methodology of literature review and case analysis, the study highlights key technologies including modern material application, green building concepts, and earthquake resistance. The research findings indicate that the renovation of old buildings while protecting cultural heritage, can enhance urban image and promote sustainable development. Through comprehensive analysis, this study concludes that policy support, social engagement, and technological innovation are pivotal factors in the renovation of old buildings. It emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among governmental bodies, property owners, professional associations, and other stakeholders to achieve a virtuous cycle of urban renewal and cultural heritage preservation.

Re-Interpretasi Hak Milik Pribadi Dalam Bingkai Dimensi Sosial

This article aims to explain how private property rights are framed in a social dimension. Property rights here are given by God as a means to protect human life as well as those of others around them. This research was carried out using qualitative methods by reviewing Christian theological literature and developing topics related to private property rights within the framework of the social dimension. First, the author explains how property rights are defined, the social dimensions and what the Biblical view of this is. Then the author explains how Christianity views this by explaining how the significance of property ownership comes from God. Then explains the theological view regarding private property rights within the framework of the social dimension which directs each individual to a view that shows that each person's rights must also be seen as part of someone's property rights within them. Private ownership or personal rights have a moral obligation to see other groups in society as having a part in it. With this understanding, private ownership must also be in a good and correct flow. Private property rights must always be in order to fulfill needs, while protecting personal sustainability and the lives of other people in need.

Regime of joint community property of spouses in Ukraine: need to implement foreign experience

This article is dedicated to historical aspects of the emergence of joint property of spouses and its contractual settlement (paragraph 1), the norms of the Marriage and Family Code (hereinafter - the Code of Marriage and Family) may also be applied to certain legal relationships. Yes, the Code of Marriage and Family lost its validity on 01.01.2004 and the Family Code entered into force, but those material marital relations that arose before 2004 must be regulated according to the norms of legislation that were in force at that time. Therefore, to the relations of spouses who acquired property before 2004 and continued to acquire it after 2004, both the Code of Marriage and Family the Family Code should be applied accordingly.
 Other normative acts may be applied to regulate family relations, which may specify specific features of the regulation of spouses' rights to certain objects. In particular, such acts are: the Land Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine «On Privatization of the State Housing Fund», «On Farming», etc. The formulated concept «spousal property regime» means the legal position that property occupies in relation to the rights and interests in it of each of the spouses. In Ukraine, the following regimes of property ownership of spouses are distinguished: personal private ownership of property by each of the spouses; - joint joint ownership of property by spouses; - joint partial ownership of property by spouses.
 The essence of the regime of joint joint ownership of spouses (item 2), ways of division and disposing of joint joint property to the spouses (paragraph 3), marriage contract: grounds for conclusion (paragraph 4), marriage and family agreement in Ukraine and the need to borrow foreign experience (paragraph 4.1.).

Theoretical Research on Real Estate Tax and Land Property Rights in Capturing Land Value

This theoretical research paper explores the relationship between real estate tax policies and land property rights in the context of capturing land value. It discusses international perspectives on property taxation, case studies of land value capture policies, and their implications for property owners and governments. The paper also delves into how property rights influence land value, the role of property rights in land use planning, and the impact of land use regulations on land value capture. The empirical analysis section includes a study sample, data sources, regression analysis of real estate tax effects, and case study analysis of property rights and land value. The discussion section interprets the empirical results, offers policy recommendations, and highlights limitations and future research directions. The conclusion summarizes the findings, their contributions to land economics, and final remarks.

Reform, redevelopment and rent: Dilemmas of the social function of property in the private domain of the Brazilian metropolis

This paper discusses the disappointing outreach of Brazilian urban reform by analyzing the underlying tensions and contradictions of its key principle, that is, the social, function of property (SFP), from a perspective of contemporary theoretical debates on the double nature of rent (i.e., related to monopoly positions and emerging from market, circulation). The SFP principle is grounded in anti-rentier, agrarian reform thinking, which stressed that individual monopoly landowners should not be allowed to retain their property for speculative purposes and use it productively to increase food supplies. In contemporary dense cities, however, using property “productively” implies redevelopment, that is, transformation of existing structures of the built environment, into alternative ones. This has two implications, one related to the essence of the SFP, (its being), the other regarding what it means having a SFP in an urban setting. In relation to the former, despite its anti-rentier stance, in cities the SFP triggers a redevelopment-rent nexus due to the circulation of rents in non-competitive markets. Regarding the latter implication, having a SFP in cities requires complex, open-ended and utilitarian negotiations between state and non-state actors aimed at the appropriation of rents to articulate the conflicting interests of individual property owners with the collective good. The theoretical argument of the paper is illustrated with a short, heuristic case on redevelopment in the city of São Paulo, while its conclusion provides elements for a research agenda on the limits of market-based, reformist versus right- based planning beyond this specific context.

Fee for Reducing Natural Field Retention as an Instrument of Sustainable Public Finance

Theoretical background: Active national fiscal policy is an important determinant of sustainable development. Poland falls below the water security level, which is why natural retention is a particularly important issue, as the poverty of societies begins with a lack of access to water. This also poses a challenge for public finance, which should encourage specific behaviors. As of 1 January 2018, a fee for the reduction of natural land retention is levied in Poland. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate the fee for reducing natural field retention as an instrument of sustainable public finance and to assess its fiscal efficiency in terms of its ability to raise public revenue, in particular the revenue of municipalities on the example of cities with county rights in the Silesian Voivodeship. Research methods: The paper draws on literature reviews and the conducted empirical research. Data were collected using the direct method via access to public information. First, an analysis was carried out on the amount of revenue generated from the fee for reducing natural field retention, constituting the income of the State Water Holding – Polish Waters. Subsequently, an analysis was made on the amount of revenue generated from the fee for reducing natural field retention in municipalities with county rights in the Silesian Voivodeship. The study covered the years 2018–2022, i.e. from the introduction of the fee until the last year for which the data are available. Main findings: The fee for reducing natural field retention is a sustainable public finance instrument designed to shape attitudes and influence behavior. Although levying a fee for reducing natural field retention does not solve the problem of insufficient retention, it encourages discussion and implementation of measures to improve it. The mandatory fee is intended to discourage the construction of impervious surfaces and, at the same time, encourage property owners to incorporate retention systems into their construction plans to counteract the lowering of groundwater levels. It is of great importance, not in an economic or fiscal sense (public revenue), but rather in a social sense, by raising public awareness of the problem of natural retention.

Impacts of environmental feedbacks on the production of a Central Queensland beef enterprise in a future climate

CONTEXTUnderstanding climate change impacts on beef production enterprises in northern Australia is challenging due to the complexity of the system, which involves biophysical processes such as pasture and animal production, herd management, economics, emissions, and the interaction among these things. Modelling is a powerful tool to help the beef industry understand the impacts of climate change and to develop adaptation plans to help ensure enterprises remain economically viable over the long term. OBJECTIVEWe assess climate change impacts on a single specialised beef enterprise south-east of Moura (24.59°S, 150.09°E) in northern Australia's Central Queensland region. This is achieved by comparing enterprise performances during a 2030s climate and a 1975–2013 baseline period. METHODSWe used a calibrated pasture model called GRASP to simulate the farm's pasture growth under multiple scenarios for land conditions, grass basal areas and stocking rates for the baseline and 2030s climates and to construct pasture growth databases – known as datacubes. The datacubes provide a simplified representation of mean coupling between the herd dynamics and livestock production model (Crop Livestock Enterprise Model). The coupled whole-of-farm model was parameterised using enterprise data collected through interviews with the property owner and allowed for feedback between the pasture and livestock systems. The feedback capability allowed us to consider changes in land condition through stocking rates and their effect on pasture growth, animal weight gain, profit and CO2 emissions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSWe found that warmer and drier climatic conditions during 2030s will reduce pasture growth in austral spring and summer but increase pasture growth in winter and autumn. Increased pasture growth in winter and autumn cannot compensate for the reduction in pasture growth in the warm seasons but can improve animal liveweight gain in winter and early spring. This leads to an overall increase in annual weight gain of steers (the cattle class that provides the main income source for this farm) while the CO2 emission intensity remains similar to the baseline period. Maintaining land condition under the 2030s climatic conditions considered will require a reduction in sustainable herd size, leading to lower beef production and lower profit under current pasture and herd management strategies. Impacts will likely differ from those described if a drier future is not realised. SIGNIFICANCEThis study provides a climate change impact assessment on a specialised beef enterprise (i) being distilled from individual ruminants, and (ii) considering environmental feedbacks in the interaction between pasture and livestock systems.

Zastosowanie punktowej oceny stanu zachowania zabytkowych założeń rezydencjonalno-ogrodowych. Studium przypadku: wicimice i iglice (województwo zachodniopomorskie)

Aim of the study: The objective of the article is to apply a scoring evaluation method to residential and garden sites and evaluate historic, aristocratic parks in Wicimice and Iglice (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, Poland). The results are intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and guide its improvement. In addition, it tells the story of the objects and depicts their current situation. Material and methods: The evaluation of each of the parks followed a site visit. The scoring evaluation involves several critical domains: site exploitation, state of compositions, state of architecture (including small structures and park furniture), state of vegetation, and state of the surroundings. The potential maximum score is 21 points. Each component can be evaluated as being in a ‘good’, ‘moderate’, and ‘poor’ state. ‘Good’ state is assigned to parks that scored not fewer than 14 points. The ‘moderate’ state is from 8 to 13 points, and the ‘poor’ state, from 0 to 7 points. Results and conclusions: The state of the palaces in Wicimice and Iglice was evaluated as poor. The cause for this is significantly complex and comprises ‘revolutionary changes’ regarding property ownership after 1945 and 1989. The best-scoring domains were the surroundings of the objects (3 and 2 points for the parks in Wicimice and Iglice, respectively), which may encourage potential buyers to invest in the sites. Natural landscapes, forests, and listed cultural heritage are noteworthy. The applied scoring method for evaluating residential and garden sites has been demonstrated to be effective in this case as assumed.

The Effect of subdivision regulations on housing typologies

City planners and related professionals use various tools to control the built environment and its development. This goal couldn’t be achieved without considering housing typology because housing takes up the largest portion of most cities. Land subdivision is one of these planning tools used to regulate the ownership and size of properties. This paper aims to clarify the role of subdivision regulations that are used in Sulaimany City in forming and changing housing typologies. Malkandi district in Sulaimani City was selected as a case study. Descriptive analysis is used to identify the indications of variables. Graphical and statistical analyses have been used to determine the role of subdivision regulations on changing housing typology. According to the findings, the study area has seen two different subdivision systems: Traditional and modern subdivision regulations. The study discovered that changing subdivision regulations play a significant role in changing housing typologies. The Traditional subdivision system encourages organic, irregular blocks with various shapes and sizes. Modern subdivision system leads to raw houses with similar dimensions.

Building an Audience

While fan communities and their complexities have already been abstractly explored in scholarly literature, Asian web novel translation groups present an interesting space for analysis as a niche imported cultural product that was made widely accessible to English speakers by multilingual fans as part of a gift economy, rather than through market expansion by the novels’ intellectual property owners. Exploring the history of online web novel translation websites like Chrysanthemum Garden, Wuxiaworld, and WebNovel, this article uses a combination of the author’s first-hand experience as an editor of these translated works, as well as academic parallels in digital culture literature, to explore the transition of fan communities that value transformational work without capital to an emerging market demographic, ripe for labour and consumer exploitation.

How the KOB SIA case altered the Member States’ margin of appreciation: with particular attention to the judgment’s possibly consistent characteristics and the relevant provisions of Directive 123/2006

Several studies and scientific workshops have considered the member states’ rules – within the framework of EU law – on the ownership and use of agricultural and forest property, considering that this area is significant not only for the member states that acceded after 2004, such as Hungary but also for the founding members. These examinations have focused on the public interests acknowledged by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), such as the preservation of the rural population, the promotion of small- and middle-sized, livable properties, and the easing of speculative pressure on the land market, which should be achieved in practice without compromising EU law – especially its fundamental freedoms. This characteristic of the CJEU’s relevant case law primarily led to the application of the free movement of capital; nevertheless, the CJEU’s judgment in the KOB Sia case resulted in a significant change in this area, the main subject of the current examination. This article will consider how the CJEU was altered. Moreover, we examine whether this change could be consistent. We find that the judgments referred by the CJEU in the KOB Sia case and Directive 123/2006's relevant provisions can serve as a starting point in deciding how the member states' margin of appreciation was altered.

Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects under the Spanish Law: The Cabeza de mujer joven Case

This article seeks to introduce a brief description of the rules of protection of cultural heritage goods in the Spanish Law, using the example of a mediatic case of illicit trade, where the regulations of civil law, criminal law, and administrative law were applied and where the freedoms inherent in the right of ownership collided with the rules on properties of cultural interest. First, it provides an overview of the Spanish cultural heritage law, beginning with the constitutional mandate of assuming and promoting the protection of Spanish cultural heritage, and thereafter focusing on the concept of private ownership and its limits, in accordance with the social function of all property rights under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. Second, it describes a well-known case of illicit trade, focused on a valuable painting by Pablo Picasso. The work Cabeza de mujer joven (Head of a young woman) belonged to a private owner who decided to sell it internationally, using the services of a well-known auction house. When the required permission for exportation was denied by the Spanish public administration, the owner commenced a court proceeding aimed at changing the decision, but also planned to send the painting abroad using a yacht on his property. Thirdly, the article’s conclusion reflects on the level of severity of the Spanish legislation as applied in the case, in the context of the balance between cultural heritage protection and the freedom of disposition inherent to the right of property ownership.

Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective

Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.

Location and marking of cadastral boundaries in Nordic countries

Cadastral boundaries are key components for ordering the ownership of real property by dividing it into territories. This study analyses the similarities and differences in marking cadastral boundaries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. A case study was conducted by examining legislations, ordinances, guidelines, and other instructions. These are issued by both the respective national governments, and associated agencies responsible for real property formation and demarcation of boundaries, such as, the national cadastral authorities. We describe, analyse, and discuss the visual division between properties, boundary marks, natural features used as real property boundaries, the information on boundaries in national registers, prescriptive rights, and the localization of boundaries in each country. The outcome of the study shows that there are many similarities between the four countries, but also differences. As an example, the materials used for demarcation differ between each country. Furthermore, the party performing the cadastral procedures range from governmental officials to licenced private surveyors. Finally, differences were noted in whether a real property boundary following a river or stream when created will change position if the river or stream changes course over time.

Post occupancy evaluation of IEQ parameters in residential buildings

The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a performance assessment of buildings in use that can help property owners and managers better understand how well a facility is working, how its performance compares to similar structures or set benchmarks, and how a building might be improved. A solid grasp of how a building works can explicitly link its actual performance to either new or existing building innovations or remedial measures. While there is a lot of information on POE in commercial buildings, there's not much in the residential sector. In this mini project, it is focussed to assess the satisfaction levels of the occupants and to quantify the IEQ parameters in a residential building. Sample sizes are determined, based on which a detailed questionnaire survey is conducted for the research. The city of Kochi, is the primary location considered due to its vivid factors both geographically and climatically.The project focuses on to identify the resident satisfaction level , quantify the IEQ parameters in a residential building and to suggest remedies if required. The findings and the results are analysed based on different factors. The findings will be useful for the prioritisation of the performance criteria of the buildings.

Wind Turbines and Property Values: A Meta-Regression Analysis

A key concern for property owners about the set up of proximate wind turbines is the potential devaluation of their property. However, there is no consensus in the empirical hedonic literature estimating this price-distance relationship. It remains unclear if the proximity to wind turbines reduces, increases, or has no significant effect on property values. This article addresses this ambiguity, combining 720 estimates from 25 hedonic pricing studies in a first comprehensive meta-analysis on this topic. Using Bayesian model averaging techniques and novel publication bias correction methods, I calculate an average of the reported estimates that is free from misspecification and publication bias. In economic terms, I find an average reduction in property values of -0.68%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-0.68\\%$$\\end{document} for properties 1.89 miles away, which turns to zero beyond 2.8 miles. Next to publication selection, the studies’ ability to control for confounding factors such as pre-existing price differentials and spatial effects explains the variance in reported effect sizes.